Measurement of the electrical conductivity of open-celled aluminium foam using non-contact eddy current techniques

This paper studies the electrical properties of open-celled aluminium foams manufactured by a novel sintering-dissolution process (SDP) using non-destructive eddy current testing. Experimental measurement results are first presented by means of an impedance analyser under swept frequency testing for the determination of electrical conductivity of Al foams. A double air-cored solenoidal sensor has been constructed for the purpose of evaluating cylindrically shaped samples used in the investigations. The effects of porosity (relative density) and pore size, which are the principle parameters of the foams, on the conductivity are examined. The results demonstrate that the electrical conductivity of Al foam is strongly dependent on both porosity and pore size. The sensor geometry is further simulated electromagnetically using finite element methods, by which the mutual impedance between two coils is calculated to solve the forward electromagnetic (EM) induction problem to provide a calibration curve relating the mutual impedance change with the electrical conductivity of the sample. The results obtained from experimental measurements are found to be in good quantitative agreement with the finite element simulations.     

添加造孔剂法制备开孔泡沫铝及其性能研究

以球形尿素颗粒为造孔剂,采用传统的粉末冶金工艺制备开孔泡沫铝并研究了其性能.结果表明,添加造孔剂法制备的泡沫铝可以任意控制孔隙率及孔径的大小,且孔结构良好,保持了造孔剂的形状;高的烧结温度使泡沫铝的压缩强度提高,但过高的温度将导致孔壁熔化.本试验制成的泡沫铝其压缩曲线和泡沫金属典型压缩曲线相似,且抗压强度和经典理论计算结果一致.     

高强度碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的制备及其抗压强度研究

选用Al2O3、Y2O3作为烧结助剂,通过有机模板复制法及多次浸渍涂覆工艺制备出高强度碳化硅泡沫陶瓷材料。系统地研究了原料组成、烧结温度等工艺参数对制得的碳化硅泡沫陶瓷物相组成、宏观结构、微观结构的影响,同时对陶瓷的气孔率、力学性能等进行了测试。结果表明:通过选取不同PPI值的有机泡沫模板,泡沫陶瓷宏观孔径可控;随着涂覆次数的增加,陶瓷体孔径减小、孔棱直径增加;随着烧结温度的提高,孔棱致密度增加,抗压强度显著提高;在1700℃下获得了20PPI值,气孔率为77%,抗压强度达2.48MPa的碳化硅泡沫陶瓷。     

开孔泡沫铝导电性的研究

本文采用加压渗流方法制备开孔结构的泡沫铝,并通过调整工艺参数改变泡沫铝的孔径和相对密度.采用“直流四端电极”法测量了不同参数泡沫铝的电阻,研究开孔泡沫铝的导电性随其相对密度和孔径的变化规律.实验结果表明：随着相对密度的提高,开孔泡沫铝的电导率增大,且电导率随相对密度的改变呈指数关系变化;当相对密度参数基本相同时,随着泡沫铝孔径的减小,由于在制备过程中产生的结构缺陷增多,其电导性下降.     

开孔泡沫Fe-Ni的电磁屏蔽性能

利用专利技术制备了开孔泡沫Fe-Ni材料,并对其电磁屏蔽效能进行了研究。结果表明,在0.03～1500MHz的频率范围内,开孔泡沫Fe-Ni的屏蔽效能在60～85dB之间,屏蔽效能良好;而在0.03～400MHz范围内,其屏蔽效能与铝合金板的屏蔽效能相当。开孔泡沫Fe-Ni的电磁屏蔽效能主要受泡沫结构的影响,随着开孔孔径以及泡沫体孔隙率的减小其电磁屏蔽效能增加显著。而当材料的孔径以及厚度一定时,泡沫体孔隙率的变化对电磁屏蔽效能的影响较其他因素小。     

盐球渗透铸造法制备开孔泡沫铝的孔结构及压缩性能

使用圆盘造粒机制备近球形的NaCl颗粒,并将其用于渗透铸造制备开孔泡沫铝。盐球的平均抗压缩强度为3.9 MPa,在超声波清洗机中可在5 min内完全塌陷。通过控制热压烧结时间为0.5～2 h,热压温度700℃,可制备堆积密度在0.66～0.83 g/cm³的预制体。延长热压烧结时间会使开孔泡沫铝的孔径从0.48 mm增加到1.16 mm,孔隙率从64%增加到82%。压缩实验结果表明,不同孔隙结构下泡沫体的宏观变形特征基本相同,均表现出逐层塌陷的变形特征。此外,泡沫铝的致密化应变值、弹性模量、平台屈服应力和能量吸收能力均随着孔隙率的增加而降低。当孔隙率为64%时,能量吸收能力最大(15.0 MJ·m^-3)。     

泡沫金属的制备工艺及应用

根据泡沫金属制备过程中金属的状态,将泡沫金属的制备方法归类为：熔体凝固法、固态烧结法、金属沉积法,并按此分类对泡沫金属常用制备工艺进行了介绍。泡沫金属具有轻质、高孔隙率、电磁屏蔽等性能,按照功能用途和结构用途2方面对其应用领域进行了介绍。     

Processing of brass open-cell foam by silica-gel beads replication

Cellular metals can be produced by several routes, including molten metal infiltration of a leachable bed of solid particles, also known as space holder. The space holder is usually a mineral salt (i.e. NaCl) with relatively low melting point, but this is a limitation for processing high melting point metals and alloys. This work introduces the use of amorphous SiO₂ (silica-gel) particles as space holder and wet solutions of hydrofluoric acid (HF) as solvent for Cu-based open-cell foams production. Commercial grade CW614N brass (solidification interval: 880–895 °C) was successfully foamed through the proposed route, resulting in open-cell foams having relative density ≈0.30 and almost spherical cell morphology. Because of the high chemical stability of SiO₂ particles no interaction with the metallic system during liquid infiltration has been found. On the other hand, due to the corrosion resistance of that alloy to HF attack there has been no evidence of damage on the treated alloys.     

Preparation of porous Ti35Nb alloy and its mechanical properties under monotonic and cyclic loading

The Ti-35%Nb(mass fraction) foams were prepared by a powder metallurgy method,and the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the foams under monotonic and cyclic loading were investigated.The microstructure of the foams mainly consists of β phase,and the foams exhibit the homogenous pore distribution with the average pore size of 252 μm.The foams with 66% porosity show a typical stress-strain curve of the open-cell foams,and the plateau stress is about 56 MPa.The fatigue strength of the foam is 15.12 MPa at 107 cycles.The fractographic analysis of the foams reveals that the cracks nucleate within the struts and grow in a fatigue mechanism,resulting in the acceleration of the fatigue damage of the foams.     

Preparation of open-cell metal foams by investment cast

1. Introduction Metal foams are a new kind of materials with low densities and novel physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic properties. They are potential materials for lightweight structures, energy absorption, and thermal management applications. They can be divided into closed and open cell structures (sponges). For sponges, the typical applications of these open-cell materials so far are heat exchangers, filter elements, acoustic absorbers, stiffening elements, crash absorb…     

Compressive and energy absorption properties of closed-cell magnesium foams

The quasi-static compressive mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism of closed-cell magnesium foams were studied, and the effects of the density of magnesium foams on the compressive and energy absorption properties were also discussed. The results show that the compressive process of closed-cell magnesium foams is characterized by three deformation stages: linear elastic stage, collapsing stage and densification stage. At the linear elastic stage, the peak compressive strength (σ ₀) and Young’s modulus (E ₀) increase as the density increases. Magnesium foams can absorb energy at the collapsing stage. In a certain strain range, the energy absorption capacity also increases as the density of magnesium foams increases.     

应变率和相对密度对泡沫SiCp/ZL104压缩性能的影响

对采用熔体发泡法制备的泡沫5%(体积分数,下同)SiCp/ZL104复合材料进行了准静态和动态压缩性能的测试和分析.结果表明:无论是动态下压缩还是准静态下压缩,泡沫5%SiCp/ZL104复合材料的应力-应变曲线都呈现出典型的3个阶段:线弹性段、平台段和致密段;屈服应力对应变率很敏感,使得应变率增加时,屈服应力增加,且有应变硬化现象发生;随着相对密度的增大,泡沫5%SiCp/ZL104复合材料的动态屈服应力和流动应力与准静态载荷相比显著增加.     

CaCl2作为造孔剂制备泡沫青铜的结构和力学性能

以青铜粉为原料、CaCl_2为造孔剂,采用粉末烧结溶解法制备开孔泡沫青铜。通过改变造孔剂体积分数和粒径成功制备出孔隙率为70%~90%,孔径1~3mm的泡沫青铜试样。研究了孔隙率和造孔剂的关系以及孔隙率、孔径对泡沫试样力学性能的影响,并对其孔结构,相组成和微观形貌进行观察和分析。结果表明:泡沫青铜试样的塑性屈服平台应力随孔隙率增加而减小,当孔隙率为77%~89%时,对应塑性屈服平台应力为12.6~2.6MPa。当应变量为50%时,孔隙率为77%~89%的泡沫青铜单位体积能量吸收值(W)范围为6.21~0.91MJ/m~3。试样的理想吸能效率(I)都接近0.82,说明泡沫青铜可以作为一种理想的吸能材料。     

Electrochemical evaluation of sintered aluminium – ceramic cenospheres composites

The corrosion behaviour of cenospheres metal matric syntactic foams of different compositions in 3.5?wt-% NaCl aqueous solution at ～25°C was investigated. The electrochemical properties of the composites were assessed experimentally, employing potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Appropriate equivalent electrical circuits were proposed. Results showed that the corrosion rate is higher for the metal matrix syntactic foams compared to pure sintered aluminium. As the volume fraction of cenospheres increases cenospheres fragments and the presence of reaction zones seems to have a greater effect on the corrosion behaviour of the composites compared to the presence of unintended porosity.     

泡沫铜表面改性对化学气相沉积高质量泡沫金刚石的影响

目的选择合适的过渡层材料改善三维连通泡沫铜衬底与金刚石之间的结合性,制备出三维连通结构的泡沫金刚石。方法选择三维连通的泡沫铜作为衬底,使用磁控溅射技术在其表面沉积Ti、Cr过渡层,然后通过热丝化学气相沉积技术(HFCVD)在表面改性后的泡沫铜衬底上沉积金刚石涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、拉曼光谱仪及红外热成像仪等仪器,对样品的表面/截面形貌、成分结构及热扩散性能进行检测与分析。结果经过Ti、Cr过渡层改性后,泡沫铜表面均能沉积出连续致密的高质量金刚石涂层,在相同的CVD沉积参数下,Cr过渡层泡沫金刚石(Cu-Cr/Dia)的晶粒尺寸更大(~5μm),晶粒质量更高,且膜层厚度大于Ti过渡层泡沫金刚石(Cu-Ti/Dia),Cu-Ti/Dia与铜衬底的结合性要优于Cu-Cr/Dia。Cu-Cr/Dia和Cu-Ti/Dia的热扩散性能均优于泡沫铜,其中Cu-Cr/Dia的热扩散能力略高于Cu-Ti/Dia。结论镀覆Ti、Cr过渡层有效增强了金刚石与泡沫铜衬底之间的界面结合,成功制备了三维连通结构的泡沫金刚石。     

粉末冶金法制备SiC_p/2024Al泡沫复合材料的表征(英文)

为了丰富泡沫材料制备工艺、推动其快速发展与广泛应用,以CaCO3为发泡剂采用粉末冶金法制备SiCp/2024Al泡沫复合材料。采用SEM和Magiscan-2A图像分析仪研究了CaCO3发泡剂和SiC颗粒的含量对发泡行为的影响,并且通过Gleeble 1500热模拟机分析了SiC颗粒的含量对压缩性能的影响。结果表明:随着发泡剂的增多,孔隙率和孔径先增加后减小。随着增强体含量的增加,孔隙率和孔径都减小。压缩曲线揭示加入增强体可以改善压缩屈服强度和吸能能力。SiCp/2024Al泡沫复合材料显示为脆性泡沫材料。     

泡沫金属双向等速拉伸载荷强度与孔率的近似关系

以各向同性的三维网状高孔率泡沫金属为对象，提出双向等速拉伸过程中载荷强度与其孔率的数学关系。结果表明，以泡沫镍为例的有关实验数据，能较好地用该数学关系式来描述。     

Synthesis and properties of open-cell Ni–Cr–Fe–Al alloy foams by pack co-deposition process

A pack cementation process for the co-deposition of Cr, Fe and Al onto open-cell nickel foam was developed. The reticulated open-cell Ni–Cr–Fe–Al foams were annealed to homogenize the material with 18.8 wt.% Cr, 11.3 wt.% Fe and 7.7 wt.% Al. The microstructure and phase composition of the Ni–Cr–Fe–Al foams were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive analysis (EDS). The results show that the coating is uniform and dense along the perimeter of the Ni strut, and consists of three layers: a Cr–Fe outer layer, an inner layer containing mostly Al and a transition zone. After homogenization annealing, the alloyed foams retain the hollow struts structure of the original pure nickel foams and the low relative densities. The Ni–Cr–Fe–Al alloy foams exhibit enhancement in absolute strength as compared to the pure nickel and Ni–35.2Cr foams. Furthermore, the Ni–Cr–Fe–Al alloy foams show excellent oxidation resistance and outperform the chromia-forming Ni–35.2Cr alloy foam after oxidation at 900 and 1000 °C, which is mainly due to its high aluminum and chromium content leading to the formation of a continuous and adherent duplex oxide layer.     

工艺因素对PCM法制备泡沫铝孔结构的影响

介绍了Al粉球磨时间、Mg粉添加量、TiH2的氧化时间三个工艺因素的交互作用对PCM法制备泡沫铝孔结构的影响。得出影响试验结果的首要因素是TiH2的氧化时间,其次是Al粉球磨时间、Mg粉添加量。当TiH2的氧化时间为10 min、Al粉球磨时间为85min、Mg粉添加量为0.5%时,得到的泡沫铝试样孔隙率为84.2%,平均当量圆直径为1.901 mm,平均圆形度为0.754。     

SiC颗粒和芯部材料厚度对泡沫SiCp/ZL104层合板弯曲性能的影响

用泡沫SiCp/ZL104复合材料作为芯部材料制备了泡沫SiCp/ZL104层合板,测试和分析了该类层合板的三点弯曲性能。结果发现,在相对密度相同的情况下,泡沫5%SiCp/ZL104(体积分数,下同)层合板的弯曲刚度随SiC粒度的减小以及芯部材料厚度的增加而增大;由于环氧树脂的填充,使得层合板刚度P/δ的实验值比计算值略高;SiC颗粒体积分数的增加致使泡沫SiCp/ZL104层合板的抗弯曲刚度增大;弯曲过程中的主要破坏模式是芯部剪切和局部凹陷,但随着芯部材料厚度的增加,层合板的破坏方式由芯部剪切向表面屈服和芯部凹陷过渡。