探索石化固体废物焚烧处理的最佳方案

分析了石化行业工业固体废物的现状、污水处理场污泥的主要处理方式以及存在的问题,提出在焚烧处理石化行业危险废物时,对污水处理场的污泥应考虑优先干化后再与其它危废一同焚烧,将污泥充分资源化,以节约能源和降低运行费用.     

Creation of a Regulatory Framework to Increase the Distance Run Between Overhauls of Processing Plants at Enterprises in the Oil and Gas Industry

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering - The experience of IrkustskNIIhimmash gained in the implementation of advanced strategies of maintenance and repair at enterprises in the chemical and oil and...     

炼油工业中腐蚀研究的进展

评述了近年来在加工高硫高酸值原油过程中遇到的若干重要的腐蚀和环境断裂问题及有关研究的现状和发展趋势,讨论了为寻求防护对策在近期内所应开展的工作。     

Pyrolytic Distillation of No. 4 Fuel Oil

Fuel oils (numbers 1–6) are fractions of crude oil. The boiling point and carbon chain length of the fuel increases with fuel oil number. Viscosity increases with the number, and is needed to flow the heated heavy oil. No. 4 fuel oils are used as burner fuel for domestic and industrial heating and have to raise steam for power generation and marine propulsion. Recycling and rerefining are application processes for the treatment of petroleum-based heavy products by converting into reusable light products such as gasoline and No. 2 diesel fuel. Possible pyrolysis and cracking processes are appropriate. The purpose of this study is performed to obtain light products, especially gasoline and No. 2 diesel fuel from No. 4 fuel oil by the method of pyrolytic distillation. Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) was used in pyrolysis as catalyst and the purified oil samples were blended separately with catalysts having a mass basis of 5% and 10%. If the objective is to maximize the yield of distillate producing from No. 4 fuel oil, a low temperature and a high heating rate process would be required. The yield of gasoline-like fuel was 10.6% in the noncatalytic conversion, while 13.3% was obtained in the catalytic conversion. The yield of No. 2 diesel-like fuel was 23.3% in the noncatalytic conversion, while of 32.6% was obtained in the catalytic conversion. The yield of No. 2 diesel-like obtained from the catalytic conversion was higher 39.9% than that of the noncatalytic conversion.     

微胶囊技术及其在食品工业中的研究进展

介绍了微胶囊常用壁材的种类特性及其制备方法,常用的壁材主要有淀粉及其衍生物、糖类、植物胶类、纤维素类、蛋白质类、脂类等,制备技术包括化学法、物理法和物理化学法等传统方法,以及纳米微胶囊、脂质体微胶囊、微生物微胶囊等新型技术。综述了近年来国内外微胶囊技术在食品工业中的研究进展,指出了微胶囊技术在食品行业中的发展方向。     

国内炼油防腐蚀技术的新进展

介绍了国内炼油工业近年来在防腐蚀技术方面的进展情况,主要有Ni-P化学镀、渗铝钢、耐硫酸露点腐蚀ND钢、复合钢板、新型耐蚀合金材料、有机涂层等。     

废塑料降解的研究

选取几种典型的废塑料进行热降解和催化降解，对其降解现象及产物分布与特性进行了测试，推荐了各类废塑料的加工方向。废ＰＳ、ＰＰ、ＰＥ热降解产物的液体收率高，因而有较高的利用价值。其中ＰＳ热降解产物可生产苯乙烯单体或高辛烷值汽油调合组份；ＰＰ、ＰＥ热降解可获得蜡或燃料油，如欲生产高质量的汽、柴油，则必须进行催化改质。     

超低界面张力纳米乳液处理含油作业废物的研究

作业区含油作业废物无害化处理多采用高温热解和化学萃取等集中建站方法,处理设备庞大,能耗高,废物收集环境风险高,纳米乳液在常温下可将油相从含油废物中快速脱附,为作业现场含油废物的随产生随处理提供了良好的工艺基础。室内研究选用不同配比下的表面活性剂、助表面活性剂和水的混合物,与正辛烷按（1:9）~（5:5）比例混合,在10~100 Hz频率超声波震荡后得到WinsorIV型单相纳米乳液NR-A。使用激光粒度仪测得纳米乳液NR-A粒径D90为11 nm,吊环法测得油水界面张力仅为1.35 mN/m,体系Zeta电位大于-50 mV,为热力学稳定的分散体系。在含油废物中加入纳米乳液NA-R后,快速传质作用和超低界面张力可将含油废物的油相在低能耗状态下从固相上剥离脱附。室内评价表明,纳米乳液NA-R与页岩气含油钻屑混合后,在0.5%加量下常温搅拌20 min,油相脱附率达到95.7%,脱附后油相可回用作配浆基油,实现了含油废物的安全高效资源化治理。      

论我国北煤南运建设CWF加工业和CWF管道的可行性

据我国专家预测,我国在2030年之前,煤炭仍将是主要能源,北煤南运和节煤减排仍是长期的任务。分析了第二代水煤浆燃料(CWF)的优点:流变性稳定,储存期长(两年);加工过程并不复杂;可管输,埋于地下安全不冻,不受恶劣气候影响,无爆炸危险,可沿铁路铺设,不占农田。CWF发电NOx排放量比煤粉发电低20%～30%,又无堆煤场及煤粉加工粉尘危害。建议十二五规划中引进该项技术,在山西、陕西、内蒙古自治区西部交界地区建设CWF生产基地、集输管网并沿北煤南运三大铁路运煤通道敷设3条529mm实验CWF管道。采用开式流程和滚动开发技术,边建设边投产运行,尽快产生经济效益,立竿见影缓解北煤南运紧张度,以保证运输安全。     

Innovating Petroleum Processing Technology to Push on Development of China‘s Petroleum Refining Industry

1 Introduction The petroleum processing industry of China has been developing very fast. By the end of 1999 the total crude processing capacity of China reached 263 Mt/a, and 182 million tons of crude oils were processed in 1999. The annual average GDP growth in China is projected to be 7% during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, while the corresponding growth in consumption of petroleum products is forecast to reach 4.7%.     

裂解C_5馏分二聚反应混合物的定量分析

用毛细管柱对裂解C5馏分二聚反应混合物进行了色谱分析。以正戊烷为参比物质,测定了双环戊二烯的相对质量校正因子(f),推导了用f值对目标组分含量进行校正的计算式,避免了在色谱数据工作站上对混合物的70多种组分设置f值的困难。为克服多聚物组分在毛细管色谱柱上不易出峰的缺点,在假定所有C5组分和二聚物组分的f值各自相同的前提下,基于不参与反应的C5组分在二聚反应前后含量不变的原理,推导了二聚反应混合物中多聚物组分含量的计算式,使C5馏分二聚反应混合物的定量分析结果合理、可信。