AZT对SGC7901胃癌细胞凋亡及Bax蛋白和PCNA表达的影响

目的:研究端粒酶抑制剂3′-叠氮3′-脱氧胸腺核苷(AZT)对SGC 7901胃癌细胞凋亡及Bax蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的影响,探讨其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的可能机制.方法:将处于对数生长期的SGC 7901胃癌细胞分为对照组及1.0 mmol·L-1 AZT处理组,应用AZT 6 d后,采用MG-P-MY组合染色法检测SGC 7901胃癌细胞凋亡率,采用免疫组织化学EnVision法检测SGC 7901胃癌细胞Bax蛋白及PCNA的表达.结果:AZT组及对照组SGC 7901胃癌细胞凋亡率分别为(16.421±0.713)%和(3.366±0.271)%,AZT处理组SGC 7901胃癌细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组Bax蛋白及PCNA阳性细胞表达率分别为(16.851±10.064)%和(63.332±22.767)%,AZT处理组Bax蛋白及PCNA阳性细胞表达率为(47.389±18.042)%和(23.446±13.055)%,与对照组比较,AZT处理组Bax蛋白表达率明显增加(P<0.05),PCNA表达率明显降低(P<0.05).结论:AZT能促进SGC 7901胃癌细胞Bax蛋白的表达,抑制PCNA表达,增加SGC 7901胃癌细胞凋亡.     

五味子多糖对甲状腺癌细胞株SW579凋亡及survivin表达的影响

目的:探讨五味子多糖对人甲状腺癌SW579细胞株的生长抑制作用及其机制.方法:48只成年雄性Wistar大鼠分为阴性对照组和药物组,阴性对照组予以生理盐水,药物治疗组予以不同剂量的五味子多糖,分别提取其血清.SW579细胞分为空白组、阴性对照组和药物组.空白组为15%小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养液,阴性对照组细胞加入阴性组大鼠的纯化血清,药物组分别加入不同浓度(100、200 和 400 mg·kg-1)的含药血清,AO/EB荧光染色和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,Western blotting检测细胞survivin的表达.结果:流式细胞术结果显示,低、中和高剂量药物组细胞凋亡率为8.63%、35.63%和38.32%,明显高于空白对照组和阴性对照组细胞凋亡率(4.23%和4.10%)(P<0.01),并随剂量增加而增加.阴性对照组细胞生长抑制率为(0.12±0.06)%,低、中和高剂量药物组细胞生长抑制率为(27.51±1.62)%、(34.69±0.79)% 和(45.83±1.33)%,药物组与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).Western blotting 检测低、中、高剂量药物组细胞survivin的表达明显低于空白对照组和阴性对照组(P<0.01).结论:五味子多糖能有效抑制人甲状腺癌细胞株SW579中survivin基因表达,诱导SW579细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖.     

外源性5'-核苷酸对大鼠急性乙醇中毒的影响

目的:探讨外源性5'-核苷酸对大鼠急性乙醇中毒的影响.方法:将24只雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组:生理盐水组、低剂量核苷酸组、中剂量核苷酸组和高剂量核苷酸组.乙醇染毒前30 min,各组分别用生理盐水、低剂量(0.2g/kg体重)、中剂量(0.8g/kg体重)、高剂量(3.2g/kg体重)核苷酸灌胃,乙醇染毒剂量为3g/kg体重,染毒后进行旷场实验、转棒实验,检测血清乙醇浓度、血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、白蛋白、总蛋白水平,超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量,检测肝乙醇脱氢酶活性,评价核苷酸对急性乙醇中毒的影响.结果:外源性5'-核苷酸干预能够使大鼠血液乙醇浓度降低,高剂量核苷酸组与生理盐水组相比[(0.56±0.18g/L)vs.(1.11±0.44g/L),P＜0.05],差异具有统计学意义,低剂量核苷酸组(1.04±0.35g/L)和中剂量核苷酸组(0.93±0.14g/L)与生理盐水组相比也较低,但差异无统计学意义;各组肝乙醇脱氢酶活性差异无统计学意义,各组大鼠神经行为学表现、血清生化水平和抗氧化水平差异也无统计学意义.结论:外源性5'-核苷酸干预对大鼠急性乙醇中毒无明显影响.     

海藻色素糖蛋白对小鼠H22肝癌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的:研究麒麟菜海藻色素糖蛋白(seaweed pigment glycoprotein,SPG)对小鼠H22肝癌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响.方法:将不同浓度SPG与小鼠H22肝癌细胞共同培养,用MTT法测定癌细胞增殖活性.建立H22移植瘤小鼠肝癌模型,随机分为SPG高、中、低剂量组,对照组及环磷酰胺组.实验组小鼠每天分别给予不同剂量(100、50、10 mg/kg)的SPG灌胃,连续10 d,对照组同法给予等量生理盐水,环磷酰胺组小鼠腹腔注射20 mg/kg环磷酰胺,隔日一次.各组小鼠均于末次给受试物后24 h处死,取肿瘤组织用免疫组化法检测各组Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达.结果:SPG高剂量组瘤细胞增殖活性(0.545±0.002)明显高于对照组(0.404±0.008)(P<0.05);SPG高剂量组Bcl-2和Bax蛋白阳性表达率分别为16.78%和38.1%,对照组分别为65.16%和4.68%,两组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:SPG具有抑制小鼠H22肝癌细胞增殖、促进其凋亡的作用.     

增强子结合蛋白C/EBPα对白血病BALB/c裸鼠的肿瘤抑制作用

目的 探讨增强子结合蛋白C/EBPα在白血病裸鼠体内的肿瘤抑制作用.方法 将30只BALB/c裸鼠随机分转染组(10只)、空载组(10只)、对照组(10只),建立皮下瘤模型,并将30只BALB/c裸鼠如上分组建立白血病模型,将C/EBPα稳定表达细胞株pEGFP-C/EBPα-K562、空载细胞株pEGFP-K562及白血病细胞株K562分别经皮下和尾静脉注射到相应组裸鼠体内,形成皮下瘤和血液病模型.观测皮下肿瘤的变化,应用TUNEL检测细胞的凋亡,瑞特-吉姆萨染色观察血液病模型裸鼠外周血和骨髓中白血病细胞增殖能力,RT-PCR检测增殖相关基因的表达.结果 皮下瘤模型中pEGFP-C/EBPα-K562组肿瘤质量及最大直径为(24±0.1)g和(11±2)mm,空载组和对照组分别为(5.1±0.3)g、(19±3)mm和(5.7±0.4)g、(23±3)mm(均P＜0.05),TUNEL检测发现pEGFP-C/EBPα-K562组肿瘤细胞凋亡明显增加(P＜0.05);血液病模型鼠外周血可见白血病细胞,pEGFP-C/EBPα-K562组白血病细胞增殖能力明显低于空载组和对照组,可见明显细胞分化现象,RT-PCR检测发现p53基因上调和c-myc基因下调.结论 增强子结合蛋白C/EBPα在白血病小鼠体内具有促进肿瘤细胞凋亡和抑制白血病细胞增殖的能力,并能促进白血病细胞分化.C/EBPα的白血病抑制作用可能是通过对相应基因的调控来实现.     

自发2型糖尿病模型OLETF大鼠肾周脂肪组织水通道蛋白7的表达

目的:观察自发2型糖尿病动物模型OLETF(Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty)大鼠不同糖尿病病程阶段肾周脂肪组织水通道蛋白7 mRNA和蛋白表达的变化,探讨其在肥胖和糖尿病发生中的作用.方法:以OLETF大鼠30只为实验组,同种系非糖尿病LETO(Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka)大鼠18只为正常对照.8周(基线)时两组大鼠各处死6只.随后OLETF大鼠分为末治疗组(OLETF组)12只及盐酸二甲双胍治疗组(OLETF/M组)12只.观察各组大鼠8、18、28周时的体重、血清甘油三酯、胆固醇、丙三醇、葡萄糖耐量试验的血糖与胰岛素水平以及肾周脂肪组织水通道蛋白7(aquaporin7,AQP7)mRNA和AQP7蛋白含量的变化.用Real-time PCR测定AQP7mRNA水平,Western blotting测定AQP7蛋白含量.结果:(1)OLETF组18周均发展为糖尿病[60分钟血糖(25.67±6.78)mmol/L,120分钟血糖(16.19±2.98)mmoL/L].OLETF组大鼠随周龄增加,其体重、血糖、胰岛素、血清甘油三酯均明显增加.血清丙三醇水平先增高后下降,8、18和28周的水平分别为(52.61±11.80)、(156.03±39.56)和(130.84±25.46)μmol/L.(2)OLETF/M组18周时达糖尿病标准[60分钟血糖(18.64±6.67)mmol/L,120分钟血糖(14.13±5.21)mmoL/L],但血糖水平低于OLETF组;28周时血糖下降均恢复为糖耐量异常[60分钟血糖(11.72 ±3.06)mmol/L,120分钟血糖(12.42±2.30)mmol/L].OLETF/M组的甘油三酯、胆固醇和丙三醇浓度较OLETF组降低.OLETF/M组与OLEFT组比较具体值为:甘油三酯18周(0.88±0.14)vs.(1.09 ±0.44)mmol/L,28周(1.06±0.51)vs.(2.20±1.51)mmol/L;胆同醇18周(2.18±0.14)vs.(2.30±0.21)mmol/L,28周(1.90±0.19)vs.(2.36±0.35)mmol/L,P<0.05;丙三醇18周(77.28±9.06)vs.(156.03±39.56)μmol/L,P<0.05,28周(58.44±14.03)vs.(130.84±25.46)μmol/L,P<0.01.(3)增加肾周脂肪组织AQP7 mRNA及蛋白表达:随周龄及肥胖增加,18及28周OLETF组AQP7 mRNA表达较同组8周龄大鼠分别上调了67.5%和41.7%,AQP7蛋白表达较同组8周龄大鼠分别上调了21.9%和8.9%;18及28周OLETF/M组AQP7 mRNA表达较同组8周龄大鼠分别上调了25%及8.3%,AQP7蛋白表达较同组8周龄大鼠分别上调了14.6%及1.6%.OLETF及OLETF/M组均呈先增高而后下降的趋势,于18周时增高,28周下降,与血清丙三醇变化趋势一致.OLETF/M组AQP7 mRNA及蛋白表达水平低于同周龄OLETF组,但两组差异无统计学意义.OLETF/M组的体重、胰岛素与OLETF组差异无统计学意义.OLETF/M组AQP7 mRNA及蛋白表达水平低于同周龄OLETF组,但两组差异无统计学意义.结论:内脏脂肪AQP7参与了糖脂代谢,与2型糖尿病和肥胖发病相关.二甲双胍可改善OLETF大鼠的脂代谢和糖代谢紊乱,但对AQP7 mRNA及蛋白表达未见明显影响.     

刺五加叶皂苷对实验性血管性痴呆大鼠学习、记忆及病理损伤的保护作用

目的:观察刺五加叶皂苷(ASS)对大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)引起的大鼠实验性血管性痴呆的影响,为ASS的进一步开发提供依据.方法:Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、血管性痴呆模型组及ASS 低、中、高剂量组.采用MCAO法制备大鼠血管性痴呆模型,造模10 d 后ASS低、中、高剂量组大鼠腹腔注射ASS(25、50和100 mg·kg-1),连续给药20 d.采用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠空间学习、记忆能力;取脑组织行病理学检查,并检测乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)活性.结果:Morris水迷宫检测,ASS 50和100 mg·kg-1组大鼠第4、5天的逃避潜伏期及游泳路径与模型组比较均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),原平台象限游泳时间(tP)和路径(dP)与总游泳时间(tT)和总路径(dT)之比与模型组比较均显著增加(P<0.05).脑AchE和ChAT活性测定,与模型组比较,ASS 50和100 mg·kg-1组大鼠脑组织AchE活性明显降低(P<0.05),ASS 100 mg·kg-1组大鼠ChAT活性明显升高(P<0.05).脑组织病理学检查,模型组大鼠脑组织存在明显梗死病灶,海马CA1区神经细胞数量明显减少、排列紊乱,局部脑组织坏死液化;ASS组梗死病灶减小,海马CA1区神经细胞排列较规则,细胞脱失有所改善.结论:ASS能增强血管性痴呆大鼠的学习、记忆能力,改善脑组织病理变化,可能与其降低AchE活性、增加ChAT活性及促进乙酰胆碱合成有关.     

阳离子A对内毒素损伤大鼠肝脏中HSP70表达的影响

[目的]运用免疫组织化学技术研究阳离子A(CA)对HSP70在内毒素(ET)损伤大鼠肝脏中表达的影响.[方法]48只SD大鼠随机分为2组:对照组和CA+ET组.每组各24只.对照组大鼠分别经尾静脉注射ET 5 mr/kg(BW),CA+ET组尾静脉注射1 g/kg(BW)CA溶液,之后2 min内尾静脉注射ET 5 mg/kg BW.2组分别在3、4、8、12 h采集肝脏作为检测样本,应用HE染色和免疫组织化学染色技术进行检测.[结果]肝细胞病理变化在ET攻击后3和4 h时明显增多.4 h达到峰值,而在8和12 h时逐渐下降.CA+ET保护组肝细胞的细胞病变较ET组同时间段有所减轻;2组HSP70的积分光密度在3、8、12 h差异极显著(P<0.01),4 h差异显著(P<0.05),且对照组HSP70积分先密度随时间的延长而下降,而CA+ET组HSP70的积分光密度在3、4、8 h这3个时间点呈下降趋势,在12 h小幅度上升.[结论]CA能显著上调HSP70在肝脏的表达,从而对由ET诱导的肝损伤产生保护效应.     

冠状动脉结扎制备大鼠心肌梗死模型及血流动力学检测

目的 探讨大鼠心肌梗死模型制备及血流动力学检测方法.方法 60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组、假手术组,分别行左冠状动脉前降支结扎术和假手术,术后2周行血流动力学检测及心脏组织病理学检查.结果 模型组大鼠左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室压最大上升和下降速率(±dp/dtmax)明显低于假手术组(P＜0.05或0.01),左室舒张末压(LVEDP)则高于假手术组(P＜0.01),HE及Masson染色检查显示模型组心肌均出现梗死,造模成功率100%;假手术组大鼠心肌无梗死形成.结论 左冠状动脉前降支结扎术制备心肌梗死模型简单易行.     

黄连解毒汤对大鼠慢性脑灌注不足损伤的保护作用

目的:观察黄连解毒汤对大鼠慢性脑灌注不足损伤的保护作用.方法:将24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组及黄连解毒汤治疗组(治疗组)(均n＝8).采用双侧颈总动脉永久性阻断法制备模型,术后灌胃给予黄连解毒汤(4.0 g生药/kg体重).连续治疗60 d后,用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠学习记忆能力;用HE染色法检查脑白质病理改变并定量检测胼胝体神经纤维脱失变化.结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠隐匿逃避潜伏期(escape latency,EL)显著延长(P<0.01),穿越平台次数明显减少(P<0.01);与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠EL明显缩短(P<0.01),穿越平台次数显著增加(P<0.05).模型组大鼠可见脑白质损伤改变,胼胝体白质囊泡面积占测量总面积的百分比值显著高于假手术组(p<0.01).与模型组比较,治疗组脑白质损伤明显减轻,胼胝体白质囊泡面积占测量总面积的百分比值显著降低(p<0.01).结论:黄连解毒汤能够改善慢性脑灌注不足大鼠的脑白质损伤与学习记忆能力.     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Botulism in Poland in 1996

A model is presented in which ion translocation through the F0 part of the ATP synthase drives the rotation of the ring of c subunits (rotor) versus the a subunit (stator). The coupling ion binding sites on the rotor are accessible from the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell except for the c subunit at the interface to the stator. Here, the binding site is accessible from the periplasm through a channel formed by subunit a. In the ATP synthesis mode, a coupling ion is anticipated to pass through the stator channel into the binding site of the adjacent rotor subunit, following the electrical potential. Occupation of this site triggers, probably by electrostatic forces, the rotation of the ring. This makes the binding site accessible to the cytoplasm, where the coupling ion dissociates. Simultaneously, this rotation moves again an empty rotor subunit into the contact site with the stator, where its binding site becomes loaded and rotation continues.     

Problems in falling in love

Certain patients enter psychoanalysis because of their inability to love another person. Often they report a repetitive erotic pursuit of desired partners, without being able to experience or maintain loving feelings. Kernberg has understood such difficulties as representing effects of early narcissistic disappointments and/or of difficulties in resolving oedipal conflicts. In this paper, Lacanian concepts of the mirror phase and symbolic love are employed to develop these issues. Sexualization of problems in mirroring may be fused with oedipal conflicts in some cases. An extended vignette is presented to illustrate the technical and theoretical issues.