复合化学镀层以金刚石—金属复合材料性能的影响

本文研究了化学镀Ni－Cr－P和Ni－W－P对金刚石－金属复合材料性能的影响。结果发现,在Co基和Ni－青铜基复合材料中,Ni－Cr－P和Ni－W－P镀怪均可以起到提高复合材料弯强度的作用。相对而言,Ni－Cr－P效果更好,这与Cr对金钢石的化学活性较高,Ni－Cr－P熔点较低以及金刚石、镀层、结合剂三者之间的界面反应等有关。     

WC/W_2C_P在NiCrBSi合金中的分解机理及其表面渗碳改性

为了抑制铸造碳化钨颗粒(WC/W2C P)在复合材料制备过程中的过度分解,利用SEM、EDS和XRD等测试手段对WC/W2C P在Ni Cr BSi合金中的分解机理及其表面改性渗碳处理进行了研究。结果表明,铸造碳化钨由WC和W2C两相组成,在Ni Cr BSi合金中WC相比W2C相具有更好的化学稳定性。在熔烧法制备WC/W2C P增强Ni Cr BSi基复合材料涂层的过程中,基体熔液和WC/W2C P发生元素互扩散;WC/W2C P中的化学稳定性差的W2C相与从基体熔液中扩散过来的Ni、Cr等元素反应生成了富W、Ni的碳化物,而化学稳定性好的WC相几乎完整的保留下来;基体中的Ni、Cr元素与从WC/W2C P中扩散过来的W、C元素形成了富W、Ni、Cr的碳化物在凝固过程中析出。经渗碳表面改性后,WC/W2C P表面形成了化学稳定性好的WC壳层,该壳层能有效抑制WC/W2C P在基体中的扩散分解,减少基体中碳化物的析出。     

金刚石/铝导热复合材料的显微组织与热力学性能

以高温盐浴法对金刚石表面进行镀硅处理来改善金刚石和铝基之间的界面结合,镀硅后的金刚石颗粒表面略显粗糙,表面的镀层均匀;采用真空热压烧结法制备高导热镀硅金刚石/铝复合材料,研究了烧结温度和金刚石体积分数对复合材料相对密度和热导率的影响。随着金刚石体积分数的增加,复合材料的相对密度和热导均呈现先升后降的趋势,当金刚石体积分数为45%时,复合材料的热导率达到最大,为558 W/mK。     

Ni-W-B电沉积涂层及微观结构研究

镀Cr层因为镀液对环境的污染,使Ni－W－B三元素合金抗磨和抗蚀镀层研究得到迅速发展。镀层沉积条件为碱性镀液,不溶性电极。共沉积合金镀层包含40wt％W和1wt％B,为非晶或部分非晶结构。合金沉积层在镀层均匀和反射性方面均优于Cr镀层。在各种酸性镀液（盐酸、硫酸、磷酸）条件下将Ni－W－B合金镀层性能与镀Cr利镀Ni层进行了比较。在各种条件下,Ni-W-B合金镀层具有最好的性能。本研究中使用的是铜底材。     

镀钨金刚石/铜复合材料的制备及导热性能（英文）

使用热扩散法在金刚石表面镀钨,并采用不同工艺参数制备镀钨金刚石/铜复合材料,观察不同样品的微观形貌,并使用激光闪射法测量样品的热导率,探索制备高热导率金刚石/铜复合材料的最佳工艺参数。研究结果表明,在金刚石表面镀钨可以改善界面结合,当镀覆时间为60 min时,镀层完整、均匀、平整,样品的热导率达到486 W/(m·K)。镀层的完整性和均匀性比镀层厚度更为重要。进一步对镀钨金刚石进行退火处理后,镀层与金刚石之间的冶金结合增强,制备得到的复合材料的热导率提高到559 W/(m·K)。     

颗粒镀层对银/金刚石复合材料导热性能的影响

作为新一代热管理材料,金刚石-银基复合材料(Ag/diamond)有望满足高端军用或航空航天电子设备的应用。采用盐浴镀对金刚石颗粒进行表面镀TiC,通过真空热压烧结制备复合材料,主要探讨金刚石颗粒镀层对复合材料导热性能的影响。实验结果表明:金刚石经过镀TiC处理后,TiC镀层明显改善了颗粒-基体的界面结合,所得复合材料的热导率远远高于未镀层复合材料的热导率。通过理论模型分析表明:TiC镀层后Ag/diamond复合材料的界面热阻降低至5×10-7(m2·K)/W,大大提高了界面的热传导性能。     

Cr镀层对金刚石/铝硼硅玻璃复合材料中金刚石氧化反应的抑制研究

为研究在镀铬金刚石/铝硼硅玻璃复合材料中Cr镀层对金刚石氧化反应的抑制作用,将不同镀层厚度的镀铬金刚石和铝硼硅玻璃在相同工艺下烧制成试样,检测试样的体积膨胀率和抗折强度,观察其断面形貌;同时分析烧结后金刚石单颗粒抗压强度和金刚石-结合剂界面的成分。结果表明：Cr镀层具有消耗和隔绝氧元素的双重保护作用,能有效抑制金刚石的氧化。同时,镀层厚度对金刚石氧化反应影响显著：镀层太薄,不能在高温烧结过程中持续保护金刚石;镀层太厚,会由于应力匹配问题产生裂纹或成片剥落,使金刚石暴露在有氧环境中,反而失去保护作用。对于粒度号为140/170的金刚石,最佳镀层厚度为1.58μm。     

钛镀层对金刚石/铝导热复合材料的显微组织与热学性能的影响

采用高温盐浴法对金刚石表面进行镀钛处理来改善金刚石和铝基之间的界面结合,镀钛后的金刚石颗粒表面略显粗糙,表面的镀层均匀;采用真空热压烧结法制备高导热金刚石/铝复合材料,研究了金刚石表面镀钛对复合材料显微组织、热膨胀系数和热导率的影响。结果表明:金刚石表面的钛镀层改善了金刚石各晶面与铝基体的结合状态,增加了金刚石和铝之间的界面结合强度;当铝基体在镀钛金刚石颗粒形成的骨架结构中膨胀时,可以被骨架很好的约束,从而降低了复合材料的热膨胀系数;金刚石表面钛镀层减少了复合材料的孔洞,增加了致密度,从而提高了复合材料的热导率。     

镀附钛、钼、钨金刚石与铜基合金结合剂工具的结构性能研究

为了实现金刚石与金属结合剂间的冶金结合,本文用镀Ti、Mo、W的金刚石与含Ni、Co的铜基合金结合剂制成了刀头,通过切割试验和抗折试验,研究了其强度特征和切割性能,并用X射线、扫描电镜和能谱分析对镀层和金刚石、结合剂之间的作用进行了微观分析。结果表明:Ti、Mo、W镀层一方面与金刚石发生界面化学反应形成相应的碳化物,另一方面又与金属结合剂形成化学键合并部分溶入结合剂液相中。这样,由Ti、Mo、W镀层的中介作用实现了铜基金属结合剂与金刚石之间的冶金结合,使金刚石工具的性能大幅度提高。     

微米金刚石在化学复合镀中的合成与性能

在磨料磨具行业中,超硬材料金刚石的应用一直是行业研究、关注的问题。本文结合化学复合镀,扩展金刚石的应用,将微米金刚石与Ni—P镀液化学复合,探讨了复合镀层的沉积机理,以及微米金刚石对复合镀层硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明：加入的金刚石颗粒均匀地分布于Ni—P基体中,可以使镀层晶粒细化,起弥散强化作用,从而极大提高复合镀层的耐磨性,但对硬度的影响较小。改变金刚石的加入量对镀速的影响很小;随镀液金刚石加入量的增加,镀层金刚石含量先是迅速增加,以后增加趋势越来越缓慢,达到顶点后开始下降;镀层对金刚石微粒的俘获能力是有限的,颗粒的吸附主要是依靠机械力的作用。     

Evaluation of residual stress and corrosion behaviour of electroless plated Ni−P/Ni−Mo−P coatings

Single Ni?P and Ni?Mo?P coatings as well as duplex Ni?P/Ni?Mo?P coatings with the same compositions were prepared by electroless plating. The residual stresses of the coatings on the surface and cross sections were measured by nanoindentation and AFM analysis, and the corrosion behaviour of the coatings in 10% HCl solution was evaluated by electrochemical methods, to establish the correlation between the residual stresses and corrosion behaviour of the coatings. The results showed that the single Ni?P and duplex Ni?P/Ni?Mo?P coatings presented residual compressive stresses of 241 and 206 MPa respectively, while the single Ni?Mo?P coating exhibited a residual tensile stress of 257 MPa. The residual compressive stress impeded the growth of the pre-existing porosity in the coatings, protecting the integrity of the coating. The duplex Ni?P/Ni?Mo?P coatings had better corrosion resistance than their respective single coating. In addition, the stress states affect the corrosive form of coatings.     

Comparative study on corrosion protection properties of electroless Ni‐P‐ZrO2 and Ni‐P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Electroless Ni‐P‐ZrO₂ and Ni‐P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy were prepared, and their corrosion protection properties were compared in this paper. The potentiodynamic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the coated magnesium alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution showed that the corrosion performance of Ni‐P‐ZrO₂ composite coating was superior to that of Ni‐P coating. The same conclusion was obtained with salt spray and immersion tests. The corrosion morphologies of two kinds of coatings with various immersion time intervals in 3.5% NaCl solution indicated that most corrosion products concentrated on the nodules boundaries of Ni‐P coating and blocked corrosion pit was the main corrosion form. For the Ni‐P‐ZrO₂ coating, tortuous nodules boundaries were not the weak sites of the coating and corrosion initiated from the nickel phosphor alloy around the nanometer powders. Open corrosion pits occurred on the composite coating surface, and the coating was corroded gradually. Thus, the Ni‐P‐ZrO₂ coating exhibited better corrosion protection property to magnesium alloy substrate than Ni‐P coating.     

Cr颗粒对Ni-Graphene复合沉积层组织结构及性能的优化

目的电沉积技术制备Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层,调查不同Cr颗粒浓度对复合沉积层组织结构及性能的优化影响。方法利用电沉积技术在镍铝青铜(NAB)表面制备出Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)与拉曼光谱仪(Raman),对复合沉积层的形貌、成分与组织结构(晶粒大小、结晶形状及结晶织构)进行表征,并采用显微硬度计与电化学工作站分别对沉积层的硬度及耐腐蚀性能进行调查。结果Graphene颗粒使得纯Ni沉积层中的Ni晶粒尺寸由175.3 nm减小到Ni-0Cr-4Graphene沉积层中的Ni晶粒尺寸60.5nm。随着Cr颗粒质量浓度进一步从0g/L增加到100 g/L,Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层中的Cr质量分数从0%增加到23.8%,且Ni晶粒尺寸进一步减小到Ni-100Cr-4Graphene沉积层的29.1nm,Ni[200]结晶织构被消除。Graphene与Cr颗粒显著提高了Ni-CrGraphene复合沉积层的表面硬度,所有复合沉积层的显微硬度均高于纯Ni沉积层(260.1HV0.2),且在100 g/L Cr颗粒浓度下,沉积层平均显微硬度为489.8HV0.2。同时Graphene与Cr颗粒改善了Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,在100 g/L Cr颗粒浓度下,复合沉积层的自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)为-0.21 V,自腐蚀电流密度(Jcorr)为0.25μA/cm^2,其相对纯Ni沉积层Jcorr(7.01μA/cm^2)降低了1个数量级。结论溶液中Cr颗粒浓度的增加引起了Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层中Cr含量的增加,使得更多Cr颗粒与Graphene颗粒共同作为Ni金属结晶形核点,促进了Ni的晶粒细化与织构转变,最终提高了复合沉积层的硬度与耐腐蚀性能。     

Ni-P/Al2O3化学复合镀工艺研究

采用正交设计法对Ni-P/Al2O3化学复合镀工艺进行了优化。研究了镀液成分，工艺参数对复合镀层厚度，显微硬度，耐蚀性，耐磨性的影响，结果表明，Ni-P/Al2O3化学复合镀层的显微硬度，耐磨性优于Ni-P化学镀层的，弥散分布的Al2O3颗粒能显著减缓复合镀层在较高温度下的软化趋势。     

Improving corrosion resistance of aluminium metal matrix composites using cerium sealed electroless Ni–P coatings

Abstract

A conversion coating treatment using cerium salts was developed for the surface sealing of electroless nickel–phosphorus (Ni–P) coatings on carbon fibre reinforced aluminium (Cf/Al) composites. The corrosion resistances of uncoated and coated materials (i.e. the Ni–P coating, the Ce conversion coating and Ce sealed Ni–P coatings) were evaluated in 3·5 wt-%NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Ce sealed Ni–P coating showed the highest corrosion resistance and clearly improved the overall corrosion resistance of Cf/Al composites. Thus, the Ce sealed Ni–P coating had no obvious microcracks that were generally evident in the more conventional Ce conversion coatings. This is presumed to occur because the electroless nickel surface is relatively homogeneous, compared with the Cf/Al composite surface on which different local coating thicknesses would encourage increased microcrack formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the Ce conversion coating mainly contained both Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺ species; however, Ce⁴⁺ species were the dominant oxidation state on Ce sealed Ni–P coatings.     

Electroless deposited ternary alloys: third element chemical state,localisation and influence on the properties. A short review

Electroless deposited ternary alloys have been reviewed in relation to the chemical state of the third element, its localisation and the possible influence of these on alloy properties. Three types of electroless Ni–W–P, Co–W–P and Ni–Zn–P coatings have been investigated. Low P deposits are nanocrystalline and those with higher P content are amorphous. X-ray diffraction has proved the localisation of W, Zn and P along the nanograin boundaries. The localisation of Zn along with P has also been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersion spectroscopy. Analysing the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra it has been found that within the coatings W is in elemental form, whereas Zn is partially oxidised. XPS data also show that the crystalline structure promotes the surface oxidation to a higher extent than in the case of amorphous structure. The wear resistance of nanocrystalline Ni–W–P coatings is much higher. A lower corrosion resistance of amorphous Ni–W–P coatings has been found by weight-loss method during long-term immersion in 5% NaCl. It is illustrated that in addition to the composition and structure, the properties depend on the distribution and chemical state of the alloy components.     

化学镀Ni-Cr-P合金工艺研究

通过对化学镀Ni-Cr-P工艺配方及工艺的研究，得到化学镀Ni-Cr-P的最佳配方，结果表明该镀液稳定，所得镀层具有优异的物理，化学和机械性能，耐蚀性比Ni-P合金更优，具有较高的应用推广价值。     

Impedance spectroscopy studies of electroless Ni–P matrix,Ni–W–P,Ni–P–ZrO2, and Ni–W–P–ZrO2 coatings exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution

Ni–P matrix, ternary Ni–W–P and Ni–P–ZrO₂ coatings, and quaternary Ni–W–P–ZrO₂ coatings were deposited using electroless method from a glycine bath. Their corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for various immersion times in a 3.5% NaCl solution. From among the investigated coatings, the ternary Ni–W–P coatings show the highest resistance to corrosion in the first hour of exposure to the 3.5% NaCl medium. An addition of ZrO₂ adversely affects the performance of both the Ni–P coatings and the Ni–W–P coatings. For all the coatings, including the ones containing tungsten, a marked decrease in pore resistance (R_por) over time is observed. This means that their corrosion resistance and capacity to protect the substrate decline. On the other hand, after 24 h immersion in the 3.5% NaCl solution the Ni–W–P coating shows the highest low‐frequency impedance modulus (|Z|_{f = 0.01 Hz}). As regards corrosion resistance, the Ni–P coatings and the Ni–W–P coatings perform best.     

Development of Re‐based diffusion barrier coatings on nickel based superalloys

A diffusion barrier type coating with a duplex layer structure, an inner σ‐(Re, W, Cr, Ni) as a diffusion barrier and outer Ni‐aluminide as an Al reservoir, was formed on a Nickel based, single crystal, superalloy (TMS‐82 +) and on Hastelloy X. Oxidation properties of both the alloys with or without the diffusion barrier coating were investigated in air under thermal cycling between room temperature and 1423 K for up to 360 ks. The inner σ layer with a composition (at%) of (35–40) Re, (15–20) W, (15–25) Cr and (15–25) Ni was produced by electrodeposition of Ni‐70Re and Ni‐20W films from aqueous solutions followed by Cr‐pack cementation at temperatures between 1473 and 1573 K, and the outer Ni‐aluminides of β‐(Ni,Cr)Al + γ′‐(Ni,Cr)₃Al was formed by electrodeposition of a Ni film, followed by Al pack cementation. After the 360 ks oxidation it was found that the structure and composition of both σ layer and alloy substrate were retained with little change. Furthermore, there was little Al in the σ layer. It could be concluded that the Re‐based alloys such as σ (Re(W),Cr,Ni) are very promising candidates as a diffusion barrier between the outer Al‐reservoir layer and alloy substrate at temperature of 1423 K. It was found that the Re(W)‐Cr‐Ni acts as a diffusion barrier for both inward diffusion of Al and outward diffusion of alloying elements in the alloy substrate.     

Corrosion resistance of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating

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