煤矿开采中瓦斯事故分析及对策

文章从分析煤矿发生瓦斯爆炸灾害事故的原因及特点着手,介绍了预防和控制瓦斯爆炸灾害事故的技术措施及发展趋势,说明瓦斯爆炸事故的防治是煤矿安全工作的一项系统工程,必须放在安全工作的首位,才能使瓦斯爆炸事故及其他灾害事故大幅度减少。     

浅析煤矿瓦斯爆炸原因与防治

概况煤矿发生瓦斯爆炸灾害事故的原因及特点着手,介绍了预防和控制瓦斯爆炸灾害事故的技术措施及发展趋势,说明瓦斯爆炸事故的防治是煤矿安全工作的一项系统工程,必须放在安全工作的首位,才能使瓦斯爆炸事故及其他灾害事故大幅度减少。     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸防治技术研究

文章通过分析煤矿发生瓦斯爆炸灾害事故的原因及特点,介绍了预防和控制瓦斯爆炸灾害事故的技术措施及发展趋势,说明瓦斯爆炸事故的防治是煤矿安全工作的一项系统工程,必须放在安全工作的首位,才能使瓦斯爆炸事故及其他灾害事故大幅度减少。     

杭州地区架空输电线路外力破坏事故防范及对策探讨

本文从杭州地区架空输电线路遭受外力破坏事故多发的实际情况出发,对历年遭受外力破坏造成输电线路事故的数据进行了统计分析,找出了输电线路的所处环境和移动施工机械等情况是发生外力破坏事故的主要因素,并确定了事故多发时间,针对输电线路设备和事故的形式及特点,通过对事故原因的深人分析及目前电力设施保护存在的问题,提出了切实有效的管理防范措施及对策。     

基于中小煤矿顶板事故多发原因及控制措施的分析

在煤矿事故中,顶板事故是煤矿中最常见的事故之一。根据数据显示,近年来发生的煤矿事故中,顶板事故在煤矿事故中占了重大比例,因此,对中小煤矿顶板事故多发原因及控制措施的分析十分重要。     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸原因的分析与控制措施

文章介绍了预防和控制瓦斯爆炸灾害事故的技术措施及发展趋势,说明瓦斯爆炸事故的防治是煤矿安全工作的一项系统工程,必须放在安全工作的首位,才能使瓦斯爆炸事故及其他灾害事故大幅度减少。     

浅谈石油开采中的安全技术探讨

本文探讨了石油开采方式有自喷采油和机械采油,在石油开采中主要存在井喷事故、火灾事故、爆炸事故、中毒事故,污染事故,只要掌握其危险特性、事故类型及事故成因,采取相应的安全技术措施,加强对危险化学品的管理,事故是可以防范和控制的。     

浅议电气误操作事故的原因及对策

电气误操作事故所产生的后果轻则损坏设备,重则发生人身伤亡及大面积停电事故,严重威胁电力系统的安全生产,本文以2009年安徽省某电力局220千伏变电站发生的一起电气误操作事故为例,对电气误操作事故的原因及对策进行了简要的论述。     

全厂停电事故中空分装置的处理方法

介绍了空分装置全面停电事故的经过和处理过程,分析了事故过程中出现异常问题的原因及处理措施,总结了事故处理的经验,提高了应对突发事件的能力。     

一起曳引电梯冲顶事故的原因分析

该文针对在定期检验过程中发生的一起曳引电梯冲顶事故,结合事故现场勘察、审查电梯故障记录等方式,从技术层面上分析了导致事故发生的具体原因,同时提出了此类事故的事故处理和预防措施,以期为分析类似冲顶事故提供参考。最后呼吁电梯维保工作及检验工作一定要重视对容易引起电梯冲顶事故的部件检查,在日常检验维保过程中要加强对制动器及相关安全部件的检验、维护,杜绝此类事故的发生。     

驾驶员与儿童事故倾性研究

文章通过对全国部分城市驾驶员交通事故和儿童意外伤害事故的流行病学研究结果发现 :(1 )驾驶员交通事故和儿童意外伤害事故检出率不存在地区性差异 ;(2 )驾驶员交通事故和儿童意外伤害事故的检出率无显著性的年龄差异 ;(3 )不同年龄段驾驶员和儿童 ,男性事故检出率均高于女性事故检出率 ;(4 )极少数的事故人群具有事故倾向性 :在驾驶人群中有 6%～ 8%的事故倾性驾驶员 ,其引起的交通事故数占总事故数的 3 0 %～ 40 % ,在 1～ 1 4岁儿童中有 1 %～ 2 %的事故倾性儿童 ,其发生的意外伤害数占意外伤害总数的2 5 %～ 3 5 % ;(5 )事故倾性驾驶员和事故倾性儿童再发事故的比率均比对照组高。文章从流行病学角度证实了事故倾性人群的存在 ,并对事故倾性的本质作了初步探讨。     

驾驶员与儿童事故倾性研究

文章通过对全国部分城市驾驶员交通事故和儿童意外伤害事故的流行病学研究结果发现：（１）驾驶员交通事故和儿童意外伤害事故检出率不存在地区性差异；（２）驾驶员交通事故和儿童意外伤害事故的检出率无显著性的年龄差异；（３）不同年龄段驾驶员和儿童，男性事故检出率均高于女性事故检出率；（４）极少数的事故人群具有事故倾向性：在驾驶人群中有６％～８％的事故倾性驾驶员，其引起的交通事故数占总事故数的３０％～４０％，在１～１４岁儿童中有１％～２％的事故倾性儿童，其发生的意外伤害数占意外伤害总数的２５％～３５％；（５）事故倾性驾驶员和事故倾性儿童再发事故的比率均比对照组高。文章从流行病学角度证实了事故倾性人群的存在，并对事故倾性的本质作了初步探讨。     

一起氧气瓶爆炸事故分析

介绍氧气瓶爆炸事故概况和造成的伤亡,通过对事故现场以及气瓶碎片和其余气瓶内气体成分的分析,将此次爆炸确定为化学性爆炸。分析了爆炸事故的原因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

列车追尾事故的故障树分析兼谈复杂系统安全

温州动车组追尾事故是我国铁路大发展时期发生的特别重大事故.为更深入了解事故的可能原因,以列车追尾事故为顶事件,开展故障树分析,探讨事故的各种发生模式,剖析造成事故的各种事件,并从宏观的角度讨论了复杂安全关键系统的安全要素和策略,给出了一些建议.     

事故预测模型的建立与应用

阐述了事故发生的时序随机平稳性,采用最小二乘法进行相关分析,建立了事故频数与年序数之间的回归预测模型,应用事故预测模型,对某单位15年事故进行了相关分析与计算,预测了未来年度该单位可能发生的事故频数,及其预测区间.对该事故预测模型的应用进行了简单的说明.     

Disaggregate model of highway accident occurrence using survival theory

The analysis of discrete accident data and aggregate exposure data frequently necessitates compromises that can obscure the relationship between accident occurrence and potential causal risk components. One way to overcome these difficulties is to develop a model of accident occurrence that includes accident and exposure data at a mathematically consistent disaggregate level. This paper describes the conceptual and mathematical development of such a model using principals of survival theory. The model predicts the probability of being involved in an accident at time t given that a vehicle has survived until that time. Several alternative functional forms are discussed including additive, proportional hazards and accelerated failure time models. Model estimation is discussed for the case in which both accident and nonaccident trips are included and for the case with only accident data. As formulated, the model has the distinct advantage of being able to consider accident and exposure data at a disaggregate level in an entirely consistent analytic framework. A conditional accident analysis is undertaken using truck accident data obtained from a major national carrier in the United States. Model results are interpretable and generally reasonable. Of particular interest is that segmenting accidents in several categories yields very different sets of significant parameters. Driver service hours seemed to most strongly effect accident risk: regularly scheduled drivers who take frequent trips are likely to have a reduced risk of an accident, particularly if they have a longer (greater than eight) number of hours off-duty just prior to a trip.     

Analyzing heterogeneous accident data from the perspective of accident occurrence

Clustering and classification approaches have been commonly applied in reducing the heterogeneity in accident data. As part of an effort to understand the features of the heterogeneity, this study assessed accident data from the perspective of accident occurrences. Using the rule-based classification method, rough set theory, rules were derived which consisted of indispensable factors to certain accident outcomes and reflected the process of accident occurrences. The occurring frequency of each derived rule was then adopted as the basis for grouping accidents for further analyses. Empirical results showed that rules with high occurring frequencies were largely related to drivers with high-risk characteristics. On the other hand, road facilities played a key role in rules with low-occurring frequencies. The distinctive features indicated the essential differences between the frequently repeated and the sparsely unique processes of accident occurrences. This suggests that the heterogeneity of accident data is not limited to one single factor, such as age, gender or area. Thus, the proposed approach, which takes the process of accident occurrences into consideration, can be a potential alternative to more comprehensively analyze the heterogeneity in accident data.     

The variability of accident counts

The analysis of accident count data for a number of Auckland, New Zealand intersections is described. The results reveal considerable variation in the variability of accident counts, inconsistent with the "Poisson assumption", upon which accident data analysis is generally based. The practical implications of the results and a procedure for taking proper account of variations in the variability of accident counts are discussed.     

一起配制特种混合气时发生的气瓶爆炸

介绍一起在配制混合气时的气瓶爆炸事故 ,造成 1个死亡 ,3人受伤 ,对爆炸事故进行了全面分析 ,确定为化学爆炸     

The energy crisis, characteristics of traffic flows, and highway safety

The impact of changes in traffic flow upon accident frequency and severity as represented by mean speed and standard deviation of speeds was investigated in terms of effects observed during the energy crisis of 1973–1974. Based upon empirically reported results which related accident rate to deviation from mean speed and accident severity to speed at the time of accident, accident rates were predicted as function of highway types and flow characteristics. These relationships were used to investigate the effect of observed changes in traffic flows upon accident rates for the state of Wisconsin. Apparently as much of the improvement in accident conditions observed stemmed from changes in the standard deviation of the vehicle speeds as from the reduction in mean speed.