职业健康心理学(OHP)在采矿行业中的应用探讨

通过分析采矿行业矿工的工作压力、工作倦怠和工作家庭冲突,个人、企业和社会环境之间的关系等方面的内容,提出职业健康心理学在采矿行业中应用的重要性,从职业健康心理学的角度在不同方面谈谈如何解决当前采矿行业矿工心理不健康的现象,以达到矿工拥有正确的职业健康心理,从而促进个体和企业的健康发展。     

The decrease of risk of occupational diseases among rail road workers: future strategies

Diagnosis, registration and prophylaxis of occupational diseases among railway workers remain unsatisfactory so far. Thus, creation of the Railway Register of Occupational Diseases is essential. The Register includes several blocks related to each other and covering enterprises, medical and social institutions. Given relatively low primary occupational morbidity in railway transport, the Register's software considers incidence of occupational diseases in Russian Federation among analogous occupations, matched in working environment classes, length of service and occupational hazard. The authors obtained the matched incidences of occupational diseases, and can extrapolate the relationships revealed to railway workers, forecast high risk of occupational diseases among these workers.     

矿业企业劳务派遣员工管理的思考

针对时下普遍采用的劳务派遣方式，结合矿业企业这一劳动密集型行业的实际情况，从劳务派遣的定义和特点着手，对劳务派遣方式的优点和缺点进行了阐述，并结合劳务派遣在劳动关系的实质和特殊性对劳务派遣员工在矿业企业小环境内的管理提出人性化的管理措施。     

Features of work environment in open mining of gold-containing sand in the Far North

Up-to-date work conditions of open extraction of gold in Far North are characterized by some occupational hazards, among which noise and vibration are leaders. In severe climate conditions heat state of the workers was considered exceeding the allowable standards. The authors suggest recommendations to normalize working environment of the enterprises under study.     

Problems of occupational risk. Evaluation and social welfare

The authors suggested a complex evaluating occupational risk and tested it on enterprises belonging to various industries--machinery building, chemical, oil-processing, electronic, mining. The tests proved the complex to be useful in evaluation of health disorders probability. Integral parameters appeared to be the most valuable as considered not only occurrence, but also severity of the consequences. The study revealed high value of occupational morbidity, if assessed through morbidity with transitory disablement, in evaluation of occupational risk, as disability due to diseases associated with occupation is 2-4 times higher than occupational disability.     

基于储能的柴油发电机组效率提升研究

大部分矿山企业由于地处供电网络难以覆盖或经济欠发达的无电地区,且用电负荷大,采用柴油发电机组孤网自供电模式,存在发电效率低、发电成本高、运维工作量大、环境污染等问题.利用储能系统的特点,结合海外矿山企业的需求,搭建新型的储能柴发供电网络,介绍了其网络架构、系统组成以及工作原理,并结合项目实例,说明基于储能的柴油发电机组...     

抓源头促锰矿安全生产有序发展

秀山县有采矿、探矿企业63个，但不同程度存在安全隐患。秀山县委、县政府加大了矿山开采安全的监管力度，经过规范整治，矿山安全成效明显。并提出了今后锰矿开采安全生产工作思路。     

某超贫铜多金属矿山依托管理 提高本质安全实践

从安全生产管理角度看,矿山企业安全生产形势依然严峻,安全生产事故发生概率远高于一般性企业,安全生产短板依然突出;通过精准化教育培训提高企业全体员工安全能力、实施物理隔离挂牌上锁等提高设备的安全可靠性、改善工作环境提高作业环境安全可靠性、依托现行法律法规规范标准等推行安全精准管理体系建设以提高安全管理水平,从而达到其具有4个特征:人的安全可靠性、物的安全可靠性、系统的安全可靠性、管理规范和持续改进的广义本质安全,即包括“人-机-环境-管理”这一系统表现出的安全性能,通过优化资源配置和提高其完整性,使整个系统可靠,从而实现“零事故”的安全生产管理目标.      

融资渠道、政府补助与中国矿业企业研发投入

选取2012～2019年中国矿业上市公司为研究样本,采用可行广义最小二乘法进行实证分析,考察了融资渠道对矿业企业研发投入的影响,并检验了政府补助的调节效应与信号传递效应.研究发现:(1)内、外源融资均能显著促进中国矿业企业研发投入,对外源融资渠道做进一步划分发现,股权融资对矿业企业研发投入有显著促进效应,而债权融资则不...     

加强安全管理，实现采矿业可持续发展

加强安全生产管理,实现采矿企业可持续发展是一项复杂的系统工程。从五个方面探讨在新的经济环境下,如何充分认识安全管理工作的重要性,为企业赢得更大的发展机遇。围绕安全管理的核心要素,提出来采矿企业生产一线安全化建设的措施。     

二道沟矿深井开采热环境研究

二道沟矿井下作业面最高温度已超过30℃,深井高温热害已成为制约矿山安全高效开采和深部资源综合开发利用的重大技术难题之一。深井开采热环境研究是深井开采热害治理的基础,通过井下微气候参数测试、作业人员工作环境主观感受调查、高温采场热力分析及矿井通风系统热模拟等研究手段与方法,对该矿井下热环境及其变化规律进行了深入的分析,为矿山下一步的深井开采热害综合治理研究提供了技术保障。     

供给侧改革对黄金矿山企业转型升级的启示

随着国内经济的发展,尤其是国际环境的复杂多变,"新常态"将是企业微观层面经营发展遇到的新课题。基于传统视角的需求管理已无法满足中国经济发展和转型升级的需要,而供给侧改革是对中国新形势下经济问题的再认识,是寻求未来经济增长点和改革升级的有效选择,对中国企业的可持续经营和稳健发展意义重大。以供给侧改革为基点,探讨其对于黄金矿山企业转型升级的意义,并提出相应建议,以促进国内黄金矿山企业的稳健发展。     

高温深井通风降温技术的适用条件研究

随着矿山开采深度的不断增加,“三高一扰动”恶劣开采环境问题日益突出,给矿井通风降温工作带来极大困难。对于深井矿山,仅采用通风降温难以满足深部开采的需要,系统研究高温深井矿山通风降温技术的适用性问题,对矿山深部开采具有重要的理论意义和工程适用价值。首先从热力学角度,揭示风流在通风线路中的热交换规律;其次利用差分法原理计算深井筒风流温度,并依此推导出巷道和回采工作面风流温度变化趋势;然后结合采场安全生产允许温度进行反推,最终获取通风降温条件下的可采极限深度计算公式,并选取广西铜坑矿锌多金属矿体作为工程应用试验区进行论证分析。结果表明：基于风流的热交换模型可以推导出风流在井筒、巷道及工作面的温度计算公式,该公式与低温梯度、风流流经路径长度有关;假定工作面温度达到安全开采允许最高温度,可反推出该条件下矿山可采极限深度和巷道通风极限长度（仅采用通风降温措施时）;基于铜坑矿区锌多金属矿的实际条件,代入相关数据,验证计算所得极限开采深度符合实际,即所推导公式是可行的。     

Morbidity of occupational diseases in Poland in the years 1994-1996

The authors analysed all cases of occupational diseases diagnosed in Poland over the last three years. The following variables were considered: age, gender of patients, duration of exposure to factors inducing occupational disease, nosologic units, and the types of work places by the European Activity Classification and their localization by voivodships. The obtained results helped to formulate the following conclusions: 1. The number of occupational diseases in the period under study ranged annually between 11,156 and 11,320 cases. The incidence rates (number of cases/100,000 employed) fell within 116-131. 2. The general incidence of occupational diseases was shaped by: hearing impairment, chronic diseases of voice organs, communicable and invasive diseases, pneumoconioses, skin diseases, vibratory syndrome and poisoning. 3. The majority of diagnosed diseases occurred at least after 10 years of occupational exposure to causal factor. 4. The highest incidence of occupational diseases by the European Activity Classification was observed in mining and quarrying, manufacture, education and health services. 5. The analysis of the occupational disease incidence in individual work places indicated a number, however small, of enterprises which are a major source of these diseases.     

某钨矿通风优化方案研究

针对某钨矿山原通风系统的现状,通过网络优化,采取相应的技术措施,使矿山由于开采范围的变化、开采深度的延伸、开采作业地点的改变及工作面的推移等产生的通风问题得以有效解决,改善了矿山作业点的作业环境,对相似矿山具有指导意义。     

Occupational stress and dentistry: theory and practice. Part II. Assessment and control

Since dentistry has been identified as being a stressful profession, dentists, with the help of the members of the dental team, must attempt to achieve a relatively stress-free working environment. In addition to recognising potential occupational stressors it is important for dentists to be able to assess their emotional responses to the practice of dentistry and to arrange their daily working lives in such a way as to reduce occupational stress. This paper examines the means by which dentists may assess occupational stress as well as person-centred and/or situation-centred strategies of coping with and controlling occupational stress in general dental practice.     

矿山水工环地质灾害危险性评估方法研究

随着矿山企业基础建设的不断深入,水利工程、矿山开采等活动对水工环地质环境造成了严重的影响。虽然这些地质工程为人们生活带来了便利,但其对于环境的破坏也应当得到更多的关注。为此提出一种综合层次分析方法,通过确定危险性评估因子,对危险性程度划分,实现对水工环地质灾害危险性的明确认知,针对不同危险程度的地质灾害进行有针对性的治理。     

团结沟露天采场地质环境问题与恢复治理措施

从团结沟露天采场生产实际出发,分析了因长期采剥作业所产生的矿区内林地资源与地质地貌景观受到破坏等地质环境问题,并结合企业生产实际情况,提出了采取矿山公园保护、采坑边缘治理及绿化工程、废石堆地质环境治理工程、排土场地质环境治理工程以及露天边坡滑体监测预警等环境恢复治理措施,可为企业做好地质环境恢复工程项目管理提供参考。     

尾矿综合利用技术探讨

矿产资源开发利用是人类赖以生存和社会发展的物质基础,随着社会经济的加速发展,矿产资源市场需求与日俱增,开采规模不断扩大,与此同时,尾矿堆积量也不断增加,尾矿不仅占用大量空间,而且存在较大的安全隐患,一直是矿山企业面临的难题;若管理不善,易对生态环境造成较大影响。在此背景下,尾矿综合利用被各大矿业公司提上研究日程。通过介绍某大型国有企业尾矿综合利用新技术的研究开发,为国内矿山企业提高资源的综合利用提供参考借鉴,最终达到改善生态环境,实现资源与社会可持续发展的目标。     

A questionnaire study on improving occupational safety and health services provided by part-time industrial physicians

In order to evaluate factors improving part-time industrial physicians' services, a questionnaire study on occupational safety and health services was conducted on 237 part-time industrial physicians (PIPs) and 628 enterprises in Kochi. PIPs who received physician's fees visited enterprises and consulted with employees about their health conditions, communicated with employers and licensed occupational health supervisors (LOHSs) in enterprises more frequently than PIPs who did not receive physician's fees (p < 0.1-0.001). The rates of performing regular duties related on occupational safety and health, and PIPs' participations in health promotion programs and health consultations with employees among enterprises which paid physician's fees were significantly higher than those among enterprises which did not pay physician's fees (p < 0.05-0.001). Significantly higher rates of health consultation with employees and communications with employers and LOHSs, participation in occupational safety and health committees, recommendations of health promotion programs were found where physicians visited enterprises frequently(p < 0.1-0.01). Although no significant changes in PIPs' occupational safety and health services were observed for hazardous risk factors in enterprises, the rates of performing regular duties on occupational safety and health, and walk-through inspections by LOHSs and PIPs, estimating PIPs' advice and suggestions in enterprises with hazardous risk factors were significantly higher than those in enterprises without hazardous risk factors (p < 0.05-0.001). It is important for PIPs to have a written contract concerning physicians' fees and occupational safety and health services with enterprises and visit enterprises frequently in order to improve PIPs' occupational safety and health services and promote occupational safety and health programs in enterprises.