工业化建筑全寿命周期成本分析

以工业化住宅为例,基于全寿命周期成本分析理论,研究了工业化建筑全寿命周期阶段划分及全寿命周期成本组成。以龙信建设集团开发的龙馨家园项目为实证背景,定量对比分析了工业化住宅与传统住宅在全寿命周期中的不同阶段成本。通过数据对比发现:工业化住宅全寿命周期成本增加的费用主要发生在建设阶段,减少的费用主要发生在使用阶段和处置阶段。基于全寿命周期角度分析看出:随着工业化住宅技术体系的完善和建造规模的扩大,其优势愈加显著。     

钢结构住宅全寿命周期成本估算及评价研究

文章阐述了钢结构住宅推广和建设的现状,运用全寿命周期成本理论,构建了钢结构住宅全寿命周期成本模型,并进行了费用估算。通过工程案例分析,对钢结构和钢筋混凝土结构2种住宅方案的全寿命周期成本做了对比。结果表明,钢结构住宅体系的全寿命周期成本较低,同时在节能、节地、节材、节水、环境保护方面具有优越性。     

基于全寿命周期的绿色住宅评价研究

绿色住宅的评价是一项复杂综合的系统工程,除了要建立科学全面的评价体系外,还得从建筑全寿命周期的角度出发。由于评价指标在不同的寿命周期阶段存在很大的差异性,仅仅从规划设计角度去预测建筑的绿色性能是不科学的,其参考价值也是有限的。基于完善绿色住宅评价体系的目标,尝试从资源节约、环境质量和运营管理3个方面建立基于全寿命周期的绿色住宅评估体系,分析不同寿命周期阶段的评价指标的重要性,并运用改进的多层次模糊综合评价法对住宅绿色等级进行评价。     

基于全寿命周期理论的可持续住宅研究

将全寿命周期理论应用于住宅系统工程中,提出可持续住宅的理论内涵和内容要求,同时采用系统工程学的方法、层次分析法和模糊数学综合方法,建立全寿命周期可持续住宅的评价模型和方法;通过对设计方案的评价,选择最优的实施方案,将住宅作为一个有机循环的可持续发展系统,实现其全寿命周期的成本最佳化、质量最优化、效益最大化。     

基于全寿命周期理论的高层钢结构住宅造价分析

以全寿命周期理论为依据,对高层钢结构住宅全寿命周期的成本因素进行分析,确定了影响高层钢结构住宅造价的主要经济指标,并对钢结构住宅建筑进行综合经济效益分析。以某高层住宅楼为例,对一套完全相同的建筑体系分别采用钢结构或钢筋混凝土结构,直接比较其基础工程造价,并就此对建筑综合成本的影响进行分析,得出了高层钢结构住宅综合经济性的结论,可供相关部门参考。     

预制装配式混凝土外墙施工技术经济评价

本文对某住宅工程项目中预制装配式混凝土外墙住宅全寿命周期成本构成、普通住宅全寿命周期成本分析、工业化住宅全寿命周期成本分析、成本比较分析等方面进行了讨论和研究,结合该工程施工中的技术经济评价,对于预制装配式混凝土外墙施工技术在建筑工业化中的应用提出了笔者的建议和展望。     

探析绿色住宅建筑全寿命周期增量成本与效益

基于对绿色住宅建筑全寿命周期增量成本与效益的研究,首先,对绿色住宅建筑基本内容进行相应阐述。然后,对绿色住宅建筑全寿命周期增量成本中的前期成本、绿色技术成本以及施工成本进行分析。最后,分析绿色住宅建筑全寿命周期的经济效益、环境效益、社会效益、以及节能技术效益。     

基于全寿命周期的节能住宅成本估算与评价研究

文章阐述了节能住宅推广和建设的现状,运用全寿命周期成本理论,构建了节能住宅全寿命周期成本模型,并进行了费用估算。以实际项目为例,证明了节能住宅与非节能住宅相比,不仅可以减少能耗,保护环境,提高居住的舒适性,还可以节约运营维护费用,降低全寿命周期成本。经过分析证明,节能住宅的建设成本比非节能住宅多6.75%,但这些成本可以在13年内全部收回。     

基于全寿命周期的装配式建筑成本风险评估研究

结合装配式建筑项目的特征及全寿命周期的实施内容,将装配式建筑成本风险评估分为5个阶段,在此基础上构建了5个一级和35个二级风险指标的装配式建筑项目全寿命周期成本风险评价指标体系。科学运用层次分析法并采用专家打分法获得各评估指标的评价值,将模糊综合评价法应用到装配式建筑成本全寿命周期的风险评估中,建立了装配式建筑全寿命周期成本风险评估模型,最后借助工程实例验证了该评估模型的可行性。     

装配式钢结构建筑全寿命周期成本分析

对装配式钢结构建筑和混凝土建筑进行了全寿命周期经济性分析。以济阳县第二实验小学教学楼项目工程为例,选取钢框架和混凝土框架两种结构体系搭配不同的外墙、楼板和内墙板等围护体系共计十种比较方案进行经济性研究,运用全寿命周期成本评价体系分别计算每种方案的初始成本、建设成本、维护成本、拆除成本和残值,发现装配式钢框架结构体系的全寿命周期成本均低于其他方案,装配式钢结构建筑具有更好的经济性与推广应用价值。     

Efficient structural analysis of wall–frame structures

In this study, an efficient analytical model for the dynamic analysis of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system has been proposed. A shear wall–frame structural system usually consists of a core wall showing flexural behavior and a frame presenting shear behavior. Therefore, the deformed shape of the shear wall–frame structural system is shown by the combination of flexural mode and shear mode. To consider this characteristic in developing an efficient analytical model, the effect of shear wall and frame on the dynamic behavior of a tall building with a dual system has been separately investigated. In order to consider the effect of the shear wall in the frame model without shear wall, a rigid body was used instead of the shear wall. Each equivalent model for the separated shear wall part and frame part has been independently developed, and two equivalent models were then combined to create an efficient analytical model for tall buildings with a shear wall–frame structural system. In order to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, time history analyses of tall buildings with a shear wall–frame system were performed. With analytical results, it has been confirmed that the proposed method can provide accurate results with significantly reduced computational time and memory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

建筑全寿命周期成本理论研究综述

从全寿命周期成本阶段划分、成本分析步骤及应用研究3个方面介绍了国内外建筑的全寿命周期成本理论,得到几点认识:一是传统的全寿命周期成本阶段划分及成本分析步骤已不能满足现行研究的要求,需要进行改进;二是通过对国内外建筑成本研究进行对比分析,发现国外研究的角度和范围更加广泛。据此,提出了建筑全寿命周期成本理论的几点思考,给出关于成本阶段划分及分析步骤的新的观点。     

高原地区混凝土装配叠合板生命周期生态效率分析

为系统分析装配构件生命周期中环境-经济影响,基于生态效率方法,构建生命周期评价与生命周期成本分析集成的环境-经济评价系统;并以 1 m 3 预制混凝土叠合板为例,研究其生命周期环境、经济和生态效率。环境影响评价采用中点影响类型,分别使用目标距离法和社会支付意愿计算总环境影响潜值。研究结果表明:现阶段,固体废弃物、矿石资源及化石能源是预制叠合板环境影响的显著指标;环境成本占活动成本的比值为 22.06%;原料开采、生产过程中生态效率最小,说明此阶段对环境影响的贡献最大,分析结果可为进一步进行预制装配式建筑的效益分析提供数据支持     

Component model calibration for cyclic behavior of a corrugated shear wall

A new cold-formed steel corrugated shear wall seismic force resisting system has been recently developed by Tipping Mar and Associates of Berkeley, California. The seismic performance quantification of buildings with the system requires non-linear dynamic analysis, where the shear wall – to reduce calculation demands – is modeled by cyclic strut element. The paper presents the model development and calibration to test results. In lack of monotonic test results, monotonic backbone curve is estimated by non-linear static analysis. Cyclic deterioration parameters are determined by genetic algorithm optimization method. Standard model that is applicable to the various shear wall configurations is developed.     

基于价值工程装配式建筑绿色度研究

装配式建筑是各种建筑部品经由一定的连接方式进行现场的装配而成的绿色建筑。由绿色建筑评价标准评价指标推 及装配式建筑,从全寿命周期出发分 5 个阶段分析其评价指标体系。通过主客观权重确定组合权重,模糊综合计算得到绿色 性能矩阵。应用价值工程,通过绿色性能矩阵、全寿命周期成本矩阵,探讨五阶段装配式建筑绿色性能与成本均衡关系,在 功能与成本上寻求价值的最优,为推广和建设装配式建筑提供最优配置的模型。     

Effect of unreinforced masonry infills on seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame-shear wall buildings

Reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall buildings with unreinforced masonry (URM) infilled moment frames are common in India and neighboring countries. This study assesses the influence of the URM infills on their seismic performance. Fully infilled, open first-storied, and bare frame versions of a 25-story shear wall building are considered. Multiple stripe analysis is conducted at five return periods to estimate their performance. Fragility functions for the collapse prevention limit state, which is based on seven engineering demand parameter exceedance thresholds, are generated and compared. The presence of infills (full or partial) is observed to have an overall positive effect on the performance of the RC frame-shear wall buildings. The performance of the open first-story building was comparable to that of the fully infilled building. The ratio of story shear carried by the moment frames and shear walls is studied at all return periods to understand the variation in frame shear wall interaction with increased damage for each building. In the case of buildings with infills, the frames carry a higher proportion of story shear at lower return periods. For all three buildings, the fraction of story shear carried by moment frames increases along the height of the building.     

A new approach on the strengthening of primary school buildings in Turkey: An application of external shear wall

Considerable life and property losses have occurred because of the devastation due to the earthquakes happened in Turkey during the last 10 years. Especially, the damages that occurred on the public buildings were more serious and irrevocable when compared with the damages that took place on private buildings. In Turkey, primary school buildings constitute a large portion of the public buildings. Unfortunately, these buildings faced with heavy damages during the last earthquakes. The strengthening of existing primary school buildings in accordance with new contract specifications, thereby reducing losses of life and property to a minimum in case of an earthquake, has become one of the important issues on the agenda of the Turkish government. However, the strengthening of the primary school buildings by using the available methods is so difficult, because the strengthening works take a long time, the user of these buildings are obliged to evacuate the buildings and also there occurs extra costs caused by the additional repairs and renovations within the buildings when these methods are used. In this study, a new strengthening type of reinforced concrete buildings namely “external reinforced concrete shear wall” application method is discussed. For this purpose, three typical projects, which have been built commonly, are mentioned. The structural deficiencies observed in these buildings are given. In the experimental stage of this study, an experimental programme is formed in order to evaluate the performance of the external shear wall application. In the experimental schedule, four reinforced concrete test specimens are produced by using the design and detailing data of the considered school buildings. According to these tests, the strengthening and system improvement performed through adding external reinforced concrete shear wall to the reinforced concrete buildings will add improved behaviour, strength and rigidity to the system with its low cost besides the ease of construction and application. Since these buildings are detached and located in a multi-purpose garden, constructed as typical projects and have special architectural layout, developing this method for the existing primary school buildings will be able to be implemented in most of the primary school buildings without any problems.     

Goal directed life cycle costing as a method to evaluate the economic feasibility of office buildings with conventional and TI‐façades

Transparent insulation systems (TI‐systems) of less than 20cm thick have been developed as an alternative to opaque wall insulation and windows, which provide a financial return to building occupants when applied to building façades. Lack of detailed cost analysis of TI‐systems is a major constraint to the application of TI‐wall and TI‐glazing in buildings. A goal directed life cycle costing (LCC) technique and sensitivity analysis used to evaluate the economic feasibility of TI‐applications in office buildings form the basis of this research. It was undertaken as part of research to determine optimum energy and cost performance of TI‐systems for external cladding of high‐rise and low‐rise office buildings in temperate and tropical climates. The LCC of the buildings with conventional façades were compared with those with TI‐façades. The results show that LCC can be used to evaluate the economic feasibility of low carbon technologies such as TI‐systems effectively. A detailed account is provided of how different sources of cost data can be captured, collected and integrated to perform selective goal directed LCC analysis in the absence of detailed historical LCC data. The use of the goal directed LCC method and cost influence diagram presented in this research can be adopted as a standard method for assessing the economic feasibility of applying low carbon technologies to buildings.     

基于Perform-3D剪力墙的弹塑性数值分析

钢筋混凝土剪力墙是高层结构抗震的主要抗侧力构件之一。针对其弹塑性行为的特点,目前已发展了多种微观和宏观分析模型。基于Perforn-3D程序中的纤维墙单元,对3个典型的剪力墙试验构件进行低周反复数值模拟,并对材料的本构和建模参数进行了详细的讨论。计算结果表明,该分析方法能够较好地从宏观角度模拟剪力墙的弹塑性行为,适用于高层建筑结构的整体弹塑性分析和抗震性能评估。     

Indonesian residential high rise buildings: A life cycle energy assessment

This study evaluates the effect of building envelopes on the life cycle energy consumption of high rise residential buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia. For high rise residential buildings, the enclosures contribute 10-50% of the total building cost, 14-17% of the total material mass and 20-30% of the total heat gain. The direct as well as indirect influence of the envelope materials plays an important role in the life cycle energy consumption of buildings. The initial embodied energy of typical double wall and single wall envelopes for high residential buildings is 79.5 GJ and 76.3 GJ, respectively. Over an assumed life span of 40 years, double walls have better energy performance than single walls, 283 GJ versus 480 GJ, respectively. Material selection, which depends not only on embodied energy but also thermal properties, should, therefore, play a crucial role during the design of buildings.