共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 937 毫秒
1.
We briefly discuss the origin and development of WordNet, a large lexical database for English. We outline its design and
contents as well as its usefulness for Natural Language Processing. Finally, we discuss crosslinguistic WordNets and complementary
lexical resources.
相似文献
2.
We introduce a new type of lexical structure called lexical system, an interoperable model that can feed both monolingual and multilingual language resources. We begin with a formal characterization
of lexical systems as simple directed graphs, solely made up of nodes corresponding to lexical entities and links. To illustrate
our approach, we present data borrowed from a lexical system that has been generated from the French DiCo database. We later
explain how the compilation of the original dictionary-like database into a net-like one has been made possible. Finally,
we discuss the potential of the proposed lexical structure for designing multilingual lexical resources.
相似文献
3.
Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting natural language
processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this
respect, we believe that a consensual specification on monolingual, bilingual and multilingual lexicons can be a useful aid
for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, one purpose of Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO-24613) is to define a standard for
lexicons that covers multilingual lexical data.
相似文献
4.
In the last few years there has been an increasing interest for a novel category of access control models known as location-based
or spatially-aware role-based access control (RBAC) models. Those models advance classical RBAC models in that they regulate
the access to sensitive resources based on the position of mobile users. An issue that has not yet been investigated is how
to administer spatially-aware access control policies. In this paper we introduce GEO-RBAC Admin, the administration model
for the location-based GEO-RBAC model. We discuss the concepts underlying such administrative model and present a language
for the specification of GEO-RBAC policies.
相似文献
5.
In this paper we present an application fostering the integration and interoperability of computational lexicons, focusing
on the particular case of mutual linking and cross-lingual enrichment of two wordnets, the ItalWordNet and Sinica BOW lexicons.
This is intended as a case-study investigating the needs and requirements of semi-automatic integration and interoperability
of lexical resources, in the view of developing a prototype web application to support the GlobalWordNet Grid initiative.
相似文献
6.
Process scheduling techniques consider the current load situation to allocate computing resources. Those techniques make approximations
such as the average of communication, processing, and memory access to improve the process scheduling, although processes
may present different behaviors during their whole execution. They may start with high communication requirements and later
just processing. By discovering how processes behave over time, we believe it is possible to improve the resource allocation.
This has motivated this paper which adopts chaos theory concepts and nonlinear prediction techniques in order to model and
predict process behavior. Results confirm the radial basis function technique which presents good predictions and also low
processing demands show what is essential in a real distributed environment.
相似文献
7.
Quantitative usability requirements are a critical but challenging, and hence an often neglected aspect of a usability engineering process. A case study is described where quantitative usability requirements played a key role in the development of a new user interface of a mobile phone. Within the practical constraints of the project, existing methods for determining usability requirements and evaluating the extent to which these are met, could not be applied as such, therefore tailored methods had to be developed. These methods and their applications are discussed. 相似文献
8.
This paper describes the simulated car racing competition that was arranged as part of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation. Both the game that was used as the domain for the competition, the controllers submitted as entries to the competition
and its results are presented. With this paper, we hope to provide some insight into the efficacy of various computational
intelligence methods on a well-defined game task, as well as an example of one way of running a competition. In the process,
we provide a set of reference results for those who wish to use the simplerace game to benchmark their own algorithms. The paper is co-authored by the organizers and participants of the competition.
相似文献
9.
We present a study of using camera-phones and visual-tags to access mobile services. Firstly, a user-experience study is described in which participants were both observed learning to interact with a prototype mobile service and interviewed
about their experiences. Secondly, a pointing-device task is presented in which quantitative data was gathered regarding the speed and accuracy with which participants aimed and clicked
on visual-tags using camera-phones. We found that participants’ attitudes to visual-tag-based applications were broadly positive,
although they had several important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally. Data from our pointing-device
task demonstrated that novice users were able to aim and click on visual-tags quickly (well under 3 s per pointing-device
trial on average) and accurately (almost all meeting our defined speed/accuracy tradeoff of 6% error-rate). Based on our findings,
design lessons for camera-phone and visual-tag applications are presented.
相似文献
10.
We describe a suite of standards, resources and tools for computational encoding and processing of Modern Hebrew texts. These
include an array of XML schemas for representing linguistic resources; a variety of text corpora, raw, automatically processed
and manually annotated; lexical databases, including a broad-coverage monolingual lexicon, a bilingual dictionary and a WordNet;
and morphological processors which can analyze, generate and disambiguate Hebrew word forms. The resources are developed under
centralized supervision, so that they are compatible with each other. They are freely available and many of them have already
been used for several applications, both academic and industrial.
相似文献
11.
Text classification has been widely used to assist users with the discovery of useful information from the Internet. However,
traditional classification methods are based on the “Bag of Words” (BOW) representation, which only accounts for term frequency
in the documents, and ignores important semantic relationships between key terms. To overcome this problem, previous work
attempted to enrich text representation by means of manual intervention or automatic document expansion. The achieved improvement
is unfortunately very limited, due to the poor coverage capability of the dictionary, and to the ineffectiveness of term expansion.
In this paper, we automatically construct a thesaurus of concepts from Wikipedia. We then introduce a unified framework to
expand the BOW representation with semantic relations (synonymy, hyponymy, and associative relations), and demonstrate its
efficacy in enhancing previous approaches for text classification. Experimental results on several data sets show that the
proposed approach, integrated with the thesaurus built from Wikipedia, can achieve significant improvements with respect to
the baseline algorithm.
相似文献
12.
Assumptions are frequently made during requirements analysis of a system about the trustworthiness of its various components
(including human components). These trust assumptions, whether implicit or explicit, affect the scope of the analysis, derivation
of security requirements, and in some cases how functionality is realized. This paper presents trust assumptions in the context
of analysis of security requirements. A running example shows how trust assumptions can be used by a requirements engineer
to help define and limit the scope of analysis and to document the decisions made during the process. The paper concludes
with a case study examining the impact of trust assumptions on software that uses the secure electronic transaction specification.
相似文献
13.
Research on hybrid bionic systems (HBSs) is still in its infancy but promising results have already been achieved in laboratories.
Experiments on humans and animals show that artificial devices can be controlled by neural signals. These results suggest
that HBS technologies can be employed to restore sensorimotor functionalities in disabled and elderly people. At the same
time, HBS research raises ethical concerns related to possible exogenous and endogenous limitations to human autonomy and
freedom. The analysis of these concerns requires reflecting on the availability of scientific models accounting for key aspects
of sensorimotor coordination and plastic adaptation mechanisms in the brain.
相似文献
14.
As part of a project to construct an interactive program which would encourage children to play with language by building
jokes, we developed a lexical database, starting from WordNet. To the existing information about part of speech, synonymy,
hyponymy, etc., we have added phonetic representations and phonetic similarity ratings for pairs of words/phrases.
相似文献
15.
In the world of geospatial data infrastructures, geoportals are developed to facilitate access and use of geospatial resources,
including data. The design and implementation of effective and efficient geoportals are becoming crucial. Providing possibilities
for users to organize and integrate available resources can arguably enhance the process of data discovery and spatial analysis
required, and hence, is the focus of this paper. We argue that the synthesis of summaries of distributed datasets, map and
feature services through the geoportal can present a coherent view to support data discovery. For this purpose, the atlas
metaphor is used as an indexing server and integration interface of summaries. Thematic maps and a storyteller view are accessible
through the atlas metaphor. They can be used to provide a supporting context for data discovery and access purposes.
相似文献
16.
Listening to music on personal, digital devices whilst mobile is an enjoyable, everyday activity. We explore a scheme for
exploiting this practice to immerse listeners in navigation cues. Our prototype, ONTRACK, continuously adapts audio, modifying
the spatial balance and volume to lead listeners to their target destination. First we report on an initial lab-based evaluation
that demonstrated the approach’s efficacy: users were able to complete tasks within a reasonable time and their subjective
feedback was positive. Encouraged by these results we constructed a handheld prototype. Here, we discuss this implementation
and the results of field-trials. These indicate that even with a low-fidelity realisation of the concept, users can quite
effectively navigate complicated routes.
相似文献
17.
The complexity of group dynamics occurring in small group interactions often hinders the performance of teams. The availability
of rich multimodal information about what is going on during the meeting makes it possible to explore the possibility of providing
support to dysfunctional teams from facilitation to training sessions addressing both the individuals and the group as a whole.
A necessary step in this direction is that of capturing and understanding group dynamics. In this paper, we discuss a particular
scenario, in which meeting participants receive multimedia feedback on their relational behaviour, as a first step towards
increasing self-awareness. We describe the background and the motivation for a coding scheme for annotating meeting recordings
partially inspired by the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis. This coding scheme was aimed at identifying suitable observable
behavioural sequences. The study is complemented with an experimental investigation on the acceptability of such a service.
相似文献
18.
The requirements and issues associated with computational representations for planning extend beyond those apparent in real-time control, where a substantial, existing research literature informs designers. To assist in the identification of requirements for planning representations, this paper provides two resources: (1) a theoretical foundation drawn from computer science and (2) illustrations of representations and corresponding work practice for real-time control and planning for the US Shuttle program. Together, these resources illustrate the human role in the planning process, and the need for work practices and information that combine to assist human operators in interpreting a representation that is loosely coupled to the physical world while shared among and modified by multiple participants in the planning process. 相似文献
19.
The purposes of this study are (a) to establish a measurement for evaluating conversational impressions of group discussions,
and (b) to make an exploratory investigation on their interactional processes which may affect to form those impressions.
The impression rating and factor analysis undertaken first give us four factors concerning conversational impressions of “focus
group interviews (FGIs)”: conversational activeness, conversational sequencing, the attitudes of participants and the relationships
of participants. In relation to the factors of conversational activeness and conversational sequencing in particular, the
microanalysis of four selected topical scenes from our database further shows that the behavior of the moderator and the interviewees
is organized not independently but with reference to each other. The study thus emphasizes the importance of the integration
of quantitative and qualitative approaches towards human interactions.
相似文献
20.
We have constructed a large scale and detailed database of lexical types in Japanese from a treebank that includes detailed
linguistic information. The database helps treebank annotators and grammar developers to share precise knowledge about the
grammatical status of words that constitute the treebank, allowing for consistent large-scale treebanking and grammar development.
In addition, it clarifies what lexical types are needed for precise Japanese NLP on the basis of the treebank. In this paper,
we report on the motivation and methodology of the database construction.
相似文献
|