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聚合物间相容性的预测和表征及在高分子合金分离膜中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
简要介绍了聚合物间相容性的预测及表征方法及在高分子合金分离膜中的应用。聚合物形成共混体系的相容性的预测能够通过聚合物间溶度参数或混合焓变来实现。可以用目视法或溶液粘度法方便地表征合金膜铸膜液内聚合物相容性,高分子合金致密膜中聚合物相容性则可以通过合金膜的光学透明度、显微镜观察等方法表征,也可以通过测量聚合物合金体系Tg的方法来测量。另外相容性也可以通过滤谱学方法加以辅助说明。以上预测和表征方法都与合金膜具体实例联系,表明这些方法在合金膜研究中有着广泛的应用。 相似文献
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通过混合焓法预测并用相差显微镜表征了PSU与PES-C合金体系的相容性,表明二者为相容合金体系。合金膜中聚合物的组成影响PSU与PES-C间的相容性,进而影响合金膜的结构和性能。随合金体系相容性的降低,膜的平均孔径显著增加,水通量增大而相应的截留率降;研究表明,改变PSU与PES-C间的相容性是调节膜结构、提高膜性能的有效方法。 相似文献
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通过混合焓法预测并用相差显微镜表征了PSU/PES-C合金体系的相容性,表明二者为相容合金体系,合金膜中聚合物的组成影响PSU与PES-C间的相容性,进而影响合金膜的结构和性能:研究表明,随合金体系相容性的降低,膜的平均孔径显著增加,水通量增大而相应的截留率下降;改变PSU与PES-C间的相容性是调节膜结构、提高膜性能的有效方法。 相似文献
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聚合物共混相容性研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了聚合物共混相容性的热力学理论,讨论了相容性的实验表征方法,包括共混物形态和物性表征等,提出了改善聚合物相容性的重要途径及其进展。 相似文献
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在聚合物合金的制备过程中,主要是通过加入增容剂来改善聚合物合金相容性。早期普遍采用非反应型增容剂,而目前主要是以反应型增容剂为主。改变链结构、利用低分子量化合物、互穿网络技术等也是改善聚合物合金的常用办法。此外,无机纳米粒子对聚合物共混体系相容性也会产生一定影响。 相似文献
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PVC/EC共混物的研制及其性能表征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用溶液共混法和液一固相转化法(L-S)制备了聚氯乙烯与乙基纤维素共混物(PVC/EC)作为高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱填料。用黏度法、折光指数法、DSC法、FTIR法研究了PVC与EC的相容性;HPLC法表征该共混物的性能。实验结果表明,PVC与EC有良好的相容性;PVC/EC的亲水性和对不离解的极性有机物分离效率优于纯PVC,PVC/EC(80:20)合金适合作脱盐和脱糖的膜材料。 相似文献
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1 概述近年来,以通用工程塑料为主,通过聚合物共混开发聚合物合金的工作相当活跃。聚合物合金可广泛用于汽车、电气、电子零件等方面。据预测,将有50%以上的工程塑料成为聚合物合金。共混聚合物可分为相容性共混和非相容性共混两大类。目前,从技术角度来看,共混聚合物的关键是使非相容性体系如何接近相容性体系。 相似文献
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多相聚合物体系的增容及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了聚合物共混物的相容性,综述了聚合物共混物的主要增容方法,包括加入大量应性相容剂,引入氢键、反应性增容、互穿网络的形成以及交联等,同时讨论了增容技术在原位复合材料,尼龙共混以及制备动态硫化热塑性性体(TPV)中的应用。 相似文献
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Ultrasonic spectroscopy provided a powerful, efficient, and reliable tool for a number of investigations, including those of polymer solution dynamics, molecular interaction, and the miscibility and compatibility of biopolymers in aqueous solutions. Ultrasonic velocity and related acoustic parameters were measured as a function of the concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), dextran, and a PVA–dextran mixture in water with the resonance method at a frequency of 3 MHz over a temperature range of 20–50°C. From the comparative results of sound velocity, density, adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, and viscosity relaxation time as a function of temperature and concentration, the mode of interaction and the compatibility and miscibility between the two biologically active macromolecules were probed and were considerable at all concentrations and temperatures because of crosslinking via hydrogen bonding involving the hydroxyl groups of both of the biomacromolecules. The interpretations of the acoustic results were confirmed by the intrinsic viscosities of the ternary systems. The significant interaction and compatibility of these biopolymers should lead to the development of pharmaceutically active molecules. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 3196–3201, 2003 相似文献
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In this work various methods concerning the determination of compatibility of polymers are discussed. The conclusion is, that the earlier proposed “kinetical” method, besides the method of phase separation in common solution, is one of the surest methods of compatibility determination for polymers. However, over the latter, the kinetical method offers the advantage of rapidity and the possibility to predict the thermostability, the interactions of functional groups and the formation of solution in the solide state. While the interaction of functional groups may be established also by IR-spectroscopy, the other methods permit no conclusions of this kind. Generally it is very difficult to make statements on the formation of solution in the solid state on the basis of other methods of compatibility investigation. Quite useless, at least for our polymer mixtures, are the measurements of viscosity in concentrated as well as in dilute polymer solutions. 相似文献
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Dilute solution viscometry experiments have been carried out in five ternary polymer systems solvent(1)/polymer(2)/polymer(3). Values of the specific viscosity of polymer (3) in a ‘binary solvent’ formed by polymer(2) + solvent(1) have been used to determine the compatibility of the polymer blends. Krigbaum and Wall formalism has been used to predict compatibility which relies on an interaction parameter that depends on the concentration, weight fraction and molar mass of each polymer. To reduce the dependences and to clarify the criterion of compatibility, a parameter independent of polymer (3) composition and molar mass has been deduced. This parameter shows the same behaviour with polymer(2) concentration as the Stockmayer–Fixman parameter B. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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