硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石快干浇注料的性能与应用

对比测试了常温浇注成型及在模拟热态修补条件下浇注成型的硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石快干浇注料分别在815、1 100和1 400℃保温3 h热处理后的常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度、体积密度和加热永久线变化以及常温浇注成型的硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石浇注料和矾土水泥结合刚玉质浇注料的抗热震性,并在钢厂对硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石浇注料进行了现场应用试验。结果表明:硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石浇注料的烘干强度与普通低水泥刚玉质浇注料的相当,815和1 100℃热处理后强度比烘干强度高;硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石浇注料热震循坏(1 100℃,水冷)100次后基本上没有出现裂纹,其耐压强度损失率仅为18.7%;在模拟热态条件下成型的硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石浇注料的性能与常温浇注成型的相当。在现场应用试验中,硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石浇注料的脱模时间和烘炉时间大大缩短,并且可以热态浇注,具有良好的使用性能。     

骨料浸渍硅溶胶对矾土基耐火材料性能的影响

为了改善矾土基耐火材料的力学性能和抗热震性能,分别以SiO2含量(w)为15%和30%的硅溶胶对3~1 mm的矾土熟料粗颗粒进行浸渍处理,再与≤1 mm的矾土熟料颗粒、≤0.074 mm的矾土熟料细粉、α-Al2O3微粉、≤0.074 mm的红柱石细粉、≤0.074 mm的广西白泥、纸浆废液等经配料、成型、干燥、烧成(1400、1450和1500℃保温3 h),制得矾土基耐火材料,同时制备了使用未浸渍3~1 mm矾土熟料的空白试样。结果表明:1)随着烧成温度的升高,试样的常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,其最佳烧成温度为1450℃。2)随着浸渍用硅溶胶浓度的提高,试样的烧后线变化增大,体积密度、常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度降低,高温抗折强度、荷重软化温度和抗热震性能提高,这是由骨料表面硅溶胶层中的SiO2与骨料及周围基质中的Al2O3反应生成了莫来石所致。3)当浸渍用硅溶胶中SiO2含量(w)为15%时,材料的综合性能最优。     

RELATION OF CRUSHING STRENGTH OF SILICA BRICK AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES TO OTHER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES*

The failure at elevated temperatures under constant load for silica brick is reported using the Iupuy load test apparatus. The crushing strength at 1500°F, 1800°F. 2100°F, and 2400°F is recorded, as well as the crushing strength at room temperature. The size of test piece utilized normally was 1 by 1 by 2′/2 inches. A definite relationship is shown to exist between the strength at room temperature and that at elevated temperatures. The effect of variation in lime content, bats content, and fluxes is also reported. Data were obtained on brick made from three different quartzites. Additional physical data are reported to give information concerning the properties of the brick tested.     

EFFECT OF WEATHER UPON THE STRENGTH OF REFRACTORY BRICK1

Magnesia and silica brick should be protected from the action of the weather. Open textured fireclay brick (usually having end cold crushing strengths of less than 1500 pounds per square inch) should be afforded protection from the action of the weather. Finely ground, dense, hard-burned firebrick , especially those of medium or low refractoriness. may be exposed to the action of weather with a reasonable amount of safety. These are usually made from one clay which is shaped on a dry press or auger machine and have an end cold crushing strength approximating 5000 pounds per square inch.     

氧化铝微粉在轻质隔热浇注料中的应用研究

以超轻氧化铝质骨料为主要原料,铝酸钙水泥为结合系统,研究了不同含量氧化铝微粉对轻质隔热浇注料性能的影响。结果表明,轻质隔热浇注料的体积密度随着热处理温度的提高呈现先减小后增大的变化规律,并且随着氧化铝微粉含量的增加,体积密度增大。轻质隔热浇注料的抗折强度和耐压强度随着热处理温度的提高呈现先减小后增大的变化规律,并且当氧化铝微粉含量为5％时,材料的抗折强度和耐压强度最大。     

Low Temperature Synthesis of High Alumina Cements by Novel Co‐Melt Precursors and Their Implementation as Castables with Some Micro Fine Additives

In the present investigations nano size high alumina cements (HAC) were prepared by very effective co‐melt precursor sintering technique from their metal nitrate precursors. The prime cementing phases observed were CA, CA₂, and C₁₂A₇. The addition of nano structured cements in refractory castables has improved the thermo‐chemical‐mechanical properties to a significant extent. Each batch of low cement castables (LCC) was prepared from calcined Chinese bauxite, HAC, and superfine additives. The effect of HAC in bauxite castable with the additives similar to Silicon Carbide, reactive alumina, and micro‐fine silica on the sinterability and properties of these castables was investigated. Physical properties such as apparent porosity and bulk density, mechanical properties such as hot modulus of rupture (HMOR), cold and hot modulus of rupture (CMOR), and cold crushing strength (CCS) of hydrated and sintered castables were studied. The sintered castables were also characterized for their solid phase compositions and microstructure using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and FE‐SEM, respectively. In the castables new phases such as mullite, α‐alumina were formed at the expense of bauxite and silica. Solid solution of mullite formed at high temperature acts as a bonding phase and is accounted for high HMOR, CMOR, and CCS values. These excellent properties of such castables may enable their uses in various applications such as refractory lining for fabrication of steel, aluminium, copper, glass, cement, chemicals, and ceramics.     

COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH OF FIRE BRICK1

Data on cold crushing strength in three directions, viz., flat, edge, and endwise of six brands of fire brick are given. Transverse strength data of all these brands are also given. Porosities of all the brick used in these tests were determined by the air-expansion method. The purpose of the investigation was to find whether it is possible to translate the values obtained for crushing strength of fire brick in one direction (flat) into values for the other directions (end and edge); to determine whether transverse strength data can similarly be transformed to crushing strength data and vice versa and whether porosity and crushing strength of fire brick are correlated. The data herein presented do not show the existence of any such simple mathematical relationship between the different properties of the brick. A new capping material, a mixture of sand and molten sulphur, was used for the crushing tests, and was found to be more satisfactory than the other materials commonly used for the purpose. It is recommended that in reporting crushing strength data of fire brick, the brick be tested on end.     

氮化硅铁、亚白刚玉和硅微粉加入量对ASC砖性能的影响

采用正交试验,研究了氮化硅铁、亚白刚玉和硅微粉的加入量对鱼雷车三脱用A l2O3-SiC-C(简称ASC)砖高温抗折强度和抗三脱渣侵蚀性的影响。结果表明:1)对ASC砖高温抗折强度影响最大的是氮化硅铁加入量,硅微粉加入量次之,刚玉加入量的影响最小;随着氮化硅铁加入量增加,Si2N2O生成量增加,试样的高温抗折强度明显增大。2)对ASC砖抗三脱渣侵蚀性影响最大的是刚玉加入量,氮化硅铁加入量次之,硅微粉加入量的影响最小;随着刚玉、氮化硅铁加入量的增加,试样的抗渣侵蚀性增强,而随着硅微粉加入量的增加,试样的抗渣侵蚀性减弱。     

堇青石加入方式对堇青石-莫来石窑具材料性能的影响

为满足锂离子电池正极材料烧成的需要,以堇青石、莫来石、高岭土和氧化铝为原料制备堇青石-莫来石窑具材料,研究了堇青石颗粒和细粉加入量对堇青石-莫来石窑具材料的常温性能、高温抗折强度和抗热震性的影响.并用XRD和SEM分析了试样烧后的物相变化与显微结构.结果表明:随着堇青石颗粒或细粉加入量从0到30％(质量分数),试样的线变化率、显气孔率、高温抗折强度增大,体积密度下降;而对常温抗折强度的影响不大,试样的耐压强度分别呈现下降或提高的趋势,试样的抗热震性先增加后降低,当堇青石颗粒含量为20％,细粉含量为20％时,试样的抗热震性最好.     

Effects of Tabular Corundum Types on Properties of Corundum-spinel Castables

The corundum-spinel castables were prepared by six kinds of tabular corundum as aggregates,respectively,and their linear change rate on heating,apparent porosity,bulk density,cold modulus of rupture,cold crushing strength,hot modulus of rupture and thermal shock resistance were compared and studied. The results show that: 1) the six tabular corundum materials have similar main chemical composition but their physical properties vary for the different technical procedures which result in different properties of castables; 2) the optimal properties of corundum-spinel castables correspond to different tabular corundum types,so the corundum type shall be selected according to the application of the castables.     

硅溶胶结合刚玉和刚玉-莫来石浇注料的性能研究

以电熔白刚玉、电熔莫来石、氧化铝微粉、二氧化硅微粉和硅溶胶为主要原料,制备了硅溶胶、二氧化硅微粉结合刚玉浇注料以及硅溶胶结合刚玉-莫来石浇注料,研究了不同温度处理后浇注料的常温性能、冷态和热态抗折强度以及弹性模量等性能,并进行了差热、X射线衍射和显微结构分析。研究结果表明:1)与二氧化硅微粉相比,硅溶胶能够显著提高浇注料800℃以下的抗折强度;硅溶胶结合和二氧化硅微粉结合的机制以及随温度变化的规律基本一致。2)高温下刚玉骨料中β-Al2O3分解产生的Na2O大部分进入液相,使液相中Na2O含量增加,不利于浇注料中原位生成莫来石,并降低材料的高温强度。3)莫来石加入到硅溶胶结合刚玉浇注料中,能显著降低浇注料的弹性模量,借助于高温下液相的传质作用,莫来石彼此连接形成网络,从而增加了浇注料的强度。     

氮化硅加入量对镁质浇注料力学性能的影响

以镁砂为主要原料,以硅灰为结合剂,研究了不同氮化硅加入量对镁质浇注料的常温物理性能和高温力学性能的影响,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等对浇注料的物相和显微结构等进行了分析.结果表明:经110℃,24h烘干的浇注料的常温抗压和抗折强度随着氮化硅加入量的增加而降低;经1 200℃,3 h烧结后的浇注料的常温抗压和抗折强度随着氮化硅加入量的增加先升高后降低,并在氮化硅加入量为3%(质量分数,下同)时达到极值点;经高温(1 500℃,3 h)烧结后的浇注料的常温抗压和抗折强度随着氮化硅加入量的增加而降低;烘干后的浇注料的高温(1 400℃)抗折强度在氮化硅加入量为3%时达到最大.在加热过程中氮化硅的作用包括两方面:一方面能部分氧化成二氧化硅,进而形成纤维状的镁橄榄石,增大浇注料的强度;另一方面氮化硅保留下来妨碍烧结,导致浇注料的强度降低.     

新型结合剂SioxX-Zero对喷煤管用无水泥浇注料显微结构和性能的影响

喷煤管是水泥回转窑的关键承力部位,长期承受高温熟料粉尘和气流的剧烈冲刷,需具备优异的高温力学性能。本工作分别以新型SioxX-Zero和传统铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,采用板状刚玉、α-Al₂O₃微粉和碳化硅等为主要原料,分别在1 100 ℃和1 400 ℃热处理3 h,制备了喷煤管用无水泥和低水泥结合Al₂O₃-SiC质浇注料,并研究了新型SioxX-Zero结合剂对浇注料显微结构、常规物理性能和高温力学性能的影响。结果表明:与传统铝酸钙水泥相比,SioxX-Zero能有效提高浇注料流动值和延缓流动值衰减,改善其施工性能。同时,含SioxX-Zero的Al₂O₃-SiC质浇注料中原位生成了数量较多、尺寸较大的针状莫来石,大幅改善了材料的常温抗折/耐压强度、高温抗折强度和高温耐磨性能。     

h-BN加入量对低水泥刚玉质浇注料性能的影响

为了提高低水泥刚玉质浇注料中温处理后的强度和抗热震性,在其配料中引入不同量的h-BN粉(其质量分数分别为0、0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%),经成型、养护、脱模、烘干、750℃热处理后,检测试样的体积密度、显气孔率、常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度、抗热震性,并进行XRD分析。结果表明:随着h-BN加入量的增加,750℃处理后试样的显气孔率有所减小,体积密度逐渐减小,常温耐压强度逐渐增大,常温抗折强度也呈增大趋势,抗热震性逐渐改善。可见,加入h-BN有助于提高低水泥刚玉质浇注料中温处理后强度和抗热震性。     

热处理温度对焦宝石-铝矾土浇注料性能的影响

以焦宝石、铝矾土、蓝晶石和粘土为主要原料,铝酸钙水泥为结合系统,研究了不同热处理温度对焦宝石-铝矾土浇注料性能的影响。试样自然干燥24h脱模后,再经110℃烘干24h,分别于1000℃、1300℃和1500℃热处理3h。检测各温度热处理后试样的线变化率（P．L．C）、体积密度（B．D）、抗折强度（M．O．R）、耐压强度（C．C．S）以及试样的热膨胀系数。结果表明,随着热处理温度的提高,焦宝石-铝矾土浇注料的体积密度减小;线变化率随着热处理温度的提高呈现收缩先增大后减小最终出现膨胀的变化规律。焦宝石-铝矾土浇注料的抗折强度和耐压强度随着热处理温度的提高而增大。焦宝石-铝矾土浇注料的热膨胀系数随着热处理温度的提高而减小。     

Mechanical Properties of Mullite–Corundum Composites Prepared from Bauxite

Mullite–corundum composites have been prepared by reaction sintering of Indian bauxite having considerable amount of impurities and silica sol. The effect of changing mullite phase proportion on the mechanical properties (i.e., flexural strength, elastic modulus, hot modulus of rupture, thermal shock resistance) of prepared composites has been studied. Flexural strength and elastic modulus increase with increasing free corundum phase content in the composites. Hot modulus of rupture for the sample containing only mullite phase increases with increasing test temperature over entire temperature range. Theoretical thermal shock resistance parameters R and R? are well supported by experimental thermal shock data.     

Effect of Andalusite Addition on Properties of Chrome-corundum Bricks

In order to improve the thermal shock resistance of chrome-corundum bricks, different amounts of andalusite were added to the formulation of chrome-corundum bricks to replace the equivalent white fused corundum with the same particle size. After mixing, shaping, drying and firing, the density, the cold strength, the cold wear resistance, the hot modulus of rupture and the thermal shock resistance were tested. XRD, SEM and elemental surface scanning were used to characterize the specimens. The results show that:(1) the volume expansion of andalusite mullitization reduces the apparent porosity of chrome-corundum bricks;(2) the density and the hardness of mullite are lower than those of corundum so the decrease of the corundum content in brick leads to the decrease of the bulk density, the strength and the cold wear resistance;(3) the cross-distributed columnar mullite in the matrix can effectively improve the hot modulus of rupture and the thermal shock resistance of the specimens;(4) considering comprehensively, the andalusite addition shall not exceed 18%.     

一种高铝喷涂料的开发

以铝矾土（3．35mm～0．425mm和≤150μm）为主要原料,铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,制备出了一种氧化铝含量在70％以上的喷涂料。将试样经110％干燥后,每隔100％设置一次烧结试验。测定试样经过不同热处理温度后的体积密度、线性变化率、抗折强度和耐压强度。结果表明,研制出的高铝喷涂料在高温下具有较优良的性能。     

水泥窑用低水泥浇注料性能的研究

以矾土为主要原料,铝酸钙水泥和硅微粉为结合系统,研究了不同热处理温度对水泥窑用低水泥浇注料性能的影响。试样自然干燥24h脱模后,再经110℃烘干24h,分别于300℃、500℃、700℃、900℃、1100℃、1300℃和1500℃热处理3h。检测各温度热处理后试样的体积密度(B.D)、线变化率(P.L.C)、常温抗折强度(M.O.R)、常温耐压强度(C.C.S)、常温耐磨性能以及试样的热膨胀系数和抗热震性能。结果表明,随着热处理温度的提高,水泥窑用低水泥浇注料的体积密度呈现先减小后不变再增大的变化规律;线变化率呈现收缩先增大后减小再增大的变化规律;常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度呈现先增大后减小再增大的变化规律。水泥窑用低水泥浇注料经过1500℃热处理后的磨损量小于经过1300℃热处理后的磨损量。水泥窑用低水泥浇注料具有相对优良的抗热震性能。     

粘土对铝矾土基喷涂料性能影响的研究

以铝矾土为主要原料,铝酸钙水泥为结合系统,分别研究了不同粘土含量对铝矾土基喷涂料性能的影响。结果表明,铝矾土基喷涂料经过110℃烘干和1000℃热处理后,线收缩率随着粘土含量的增加而增大;经过1300℃热处理后,材料的膨胀率随着粘土含量的增加逐渐减小,最终出现收缩;经过1500℃热处理后,当粘土的质量分数大于2．5％时,随着粘土含量的增加材料收缩率减小。铝矾土基喷涂料经过1000℃和1300℃热处理后,抗折强度和耐压强度随着粘土含量的增加而增加;经过1500℃热处理后,抗折强度和耐压强度随着粘土含量的增加呈现先增加后减小的变化规律。