多层陶瓷外壳的失效分析和可靠性设计

文章对多层陶瓷外壳的失效模式,包括陶瓷底座断裂失效、绝缘电阻失效、断路和短路失效、外引线和无引线外壳引出端焊盘与外电路连接失效、电镀层锈蚀失效、密封失效、键合和芯片剪切失效和使用不当造成失效等进行讨论,并对这些失效的失效机理进行了分析,根据以上的失效模式及其失效机理分析,对多层陶瓷外壳的可靠性设计进行了探讨。     

电子组装中焊点的失效分析

焊点的失效分析是电子产品质量和可靠性保证体系的重要组成部分。本文首先概述了焊点的失效机理,主要包括热致失效、机械失效、电化学失效。在此基础之上,综述了焊点失效分析的基本流程与各类失效分析方法,并对无铅条件下该领域的研究作了简要评述。     

应力诱发的电迁移失效分析

电迁移是半导体器件常见的失效机理,可以导致金属的桥连或者产生空洞,引起短路或者开路等互连失效.总结了两种典型的电迁移失效模式:热电迁移和电化学迁移,阐述了两种电迁移的失效应力诱发条件,以及失效分析方法.通过失效分析案例研究,加深对两种失效机理的认识并提供电迁移失效分析的基本思路.     

ZnO压敏电阻器的失效物理

本文探讨了ZnO压敏电阻器的失效物理基础问题,讨论了两种失效模式——退化失效和致命性失效及其失效机理,找出了失效与显微结构、组成及工艺的相关性。     

塑封双极型功率晶体管的失效与案例分析

由于其自身的结构与封装形式,塑封双极型功率管存在很多可靠性问题.介绍了塑封双极型功率晶体管可靠性问题及失效机理,包括封装缺陷、粘结失效以及由于温度变化而引起的热应力失效和由于吸入潮气而导致的腐蚀失效.通过剖析一晶体管的失效机理,给出了对此类晶体管失效分析的方法和思路.讨论了晶体管存在异物、芯片粘结失效和热应力失效等失效模式.     

梳状谐波发生器的失效原因分析

介绍了对一进口梳状谐波发生器功能失效样品进行分析的案例。分析结果表明,失效原因是导电胶粘接导致的键合失效,这也是目前国内微波模块中最常见的失效原因之一。通过对失效部位的修补,恢复了失效样品的性能,从而也验证了失效定位和原因分析的准确性。     

单向双端口SRAM的测试算法

描述了一种检测单向双端口 SRAM失效的算法 ,采用了基于字的测试方法 ,可以有效地检测字间失效、字内失效和同时读写失效 ,具有失效覆盖率高和测试时间复杂度低的优点。     

存在不稳定失效现象光耦的失效分析研究

光电耦合器4N55/883B发生一例两管腿间阻值小稳定的失效,并且在进行失效分析的过程中,该失效现象消失.经过运用一系列的失效分析技术方法进行试验,并结合理论分析,最终确认了该失效案例的失效机理,明确了失效原因,得到该失效为过电应力导致器件烧毁失效的结论.采用了包括图示仪检测、X光检查、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检查、能...     

电子元器件失效分析技术的工程应用

简述了电子元器件失效分析的常用技术手段和失效元器件的失效现象、失效模式、失效机理。对失效现场应收集的信息内容进行了介绍，并提出要注意的事项；对元器件的失效进行了分类——失效分为固有失效和使用失效，并对工程上的失效分布作了进一步的分析。最后，通过两个典型的工程实践事例，说明进行失效分析在工程上的应用和工程意义重大：失效分析能够改进和提高元器件制造单位的水平，也能够促进和提高元器件使用单位的设计水平。     

梳齿式MEMS加速度计在冲击下的失效分析

对Si基梳齿式MEMS加速度计在冲击下进行了失效分析,验证了其主要失效模式,分析了其失效机理。通过机械冲击实验并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线透视系统、扫描声学显微镜(SAM)观察及电性能测试等分析技术,研究了梳齿式MEMS加速度计在冲击载荷下的结构与封装失效,运用材料力学理论加以分析论证,发现悬臂梁断裂是较为主要的失效模式,且此类器件的封装失效主要表现为气密性失效和装配工艺失效,为MEMS器件的可靠性设计提供了重要依据。     

美国军用射频连接器的发展

通过描述美国军用小型射频连接器,特别是射频频率远高于1 GHz下工作的军用射频连接器的发展情况.给出的军用射频连接器有基本互连连接器、非常用互连连接器和精密测量连接器.重点介绍了SMA,K,BNC,N,APC-7mm,SMB,SMC,W,V,3.5 mm,2.9 mm,1.85 mm和1.0 mm型射频连接器的发展.     

High-power performance of single-mode fiber-optic connectors

We measured the continuous wave (CW) laser-induced damage threshold of single-mode fiber-optic connectors at 1550 nm. Clean standard physical contact and angled physical contact connectors did not show any evidence of damage for 10 min exposures of 1 W or 3 W. Defective connectors with scratched or undercut endfaces showed identical high-power tolerance as clean connectors without defects. Samples contaminated with carbon black-doped acrylate showed drastic optical failure signatures at approximately 50 mW. Contaminated connectors with expanded mode field diameters ranging from 20 to 62 /spl mu/m showed higher failure thresholds than standard connectors with 10-/spl mu/m spot sizes. We observed that the optical failure threshold power level (P/sub failure/) increased linearly with spot size for the highly contaminated connectors used in this study.     

Performance comparison of small form factor fiber optic connectors

A comparison of small form factor (SFF) fiber optic connectors is presented for LC, MT-RJ, SC-DC, and VF-45. Multimode jumper cables were tested using industry standard test procedures and bench marked against the industry standard SC Duplex connector. Initial loss data as well as stress testing was performed. Variations were found in the performance of the connectors types and between connectors of the same type from different suppliers. In some cases the connectors out performed the SC Duplex on some tests but no connectors out performed the SC Duplex on all tests with the mechanical stress tests of axial and off-axial pull being the most difficult to exceed. These connectors are rapidly developing and are at different levels of maturity but none of them tested out to be a fully mature replacement for the SC Duplex connector yet     

Effect of connector design on the performance of service entrance power connectors

The work reported describes the results of laboratory tests carried out on aluminum-to-copper service entrance connectors. The laboratory performance tests were carried out on insulation piercing, bolted, wedge and compression types of service entrance connectors subjected to current-cycling tests in a saline environment. The current-cycling tests were carried out in accordance with a modified testing procedure. The results showed that insulation piercing and wedge connectors passed the current cycling tests whereas the compression and bolted type connectors failed the current-cycling tests. These results showed that insulation piercing and wedge connectors provide the best protection of the conductor-connector interface since neither the current-cycling nor the exposure to a saline environment produced significant deterioration in their performance.     

低频连接器的载流设计及试验

接触件的载流是低频连接器设计的关键,对连接器的使用寿命有重大影响。给出低频连接器载流设计方法,并通过相应电流试验方法加以验证。     

同轴连接器退化对无源互调影响的建模研究

同轴连接器具有轻微的非线性效应,这种非线性效应会引起无源互调干扰。同轴连接器在使用过程中会逐渐退化,使无源互调干扰加重,影响通信系统的可靠性。文中设计并进行了加速退化试验来制备不同退化程度的同轴连接器,在加速退化试验前后,测试了连接器的无源互调性能,并提出了一个新的多项式模型来描述不同退化程度的连接器的无源互调性能,模型与实验结果吻合良好。为分析同轴连接器退化对其无源互调性能的影响提供了理论依据。     

SC-type single-mode optical fiber connectors

SC-type single-mode optical fiber connectors specifically developed for subscriber loop networks are discussed. The properties and design of precision zirconia ceramic ferrules which have been found to be ideal for high-performance, low-cost single-mode optical fiber connectors are described. A design approach featuring a plastic-molded rectangular connector housing using a push-pull coupling mechanism which has also been found to be suitable for durable, compact, and low-cost connectors is presented. SC connectors used with 10/125 single-mode fibers exhibit insertion loss of 0.06 dB and return loss of 38.6 dB, with no degradation during and after mechanical and environmental tests. To realize higher packaging density, duplex-ferrule connectors, quadruple-ferrule connectors and optical attenuators have also been developed on the basis of the SC connector design     

Splices, connectors, and power couplers for field and office use

The functions of splices, connectors, and power couplers are reviewed. Parameters of interest to system designers are identified. The sources of loss in splices and connectors are summarized and typical loss values given. Specific designs of splices, connectors, and couplers for telecommunications and computer network applications are discussed.     

Optical fibre connectors using a fused and drawn multi-glass-rod arrangement

New demountable single-fibre and multifibre connectors have been constructed whose plugs include a precision multi-glass-rod arrangement, made by drawing, for locating the fibres and aligning pairs of plugs. The single-fibre and 6-fibre connectors exhibit an average insertion loss of 0.2 dB with index matching and an average off-axis of 3.5 ?m. The connectors are potentially cost-effective and reliable.     

自对准连接器的结构设计

在电传输对接系统中,电连接器采用机械对接的场合越来越多。由于两系统各自存在的制造误差可能导致连接器配接不畅,甚至无法对接,故连接器需具备自对准功能。重点对连接器的自对准结构设计进行了分析阐述。