基于网络的油田地理信息系统的设计与开发

地理信息系统（GIS）是一种用于储存、管理和分析空间信息的强有力的工具。根据油田地理信息管理的特点,基于网络的油田地理信息系统的设计与开发具有重要意义。研究了GIS技术在油田地理信息系统中的应用,讨论了系统的网络结构及开发技术,着重介绍了GIS在设计和应用过程中的几个关键问题。     

九天五洋 信息尽收指间：GIS的现状与发展

信息革命的浪潮正冲击着人类社会，在这场革命中，地理信息系统（GIS）作为集计算机科学、地理学、环境科学、城市科学、空间科学、信息科学和管理科学为一体的新兴边缘学科迅速地发展起来。作为一种强有力的技术工具，GIS不仅可以为国土整治、流域开发、区域规划、环境管理等提供宏观的辅助决策信息，而且可以为工程建设提供辅助设计的具体数据。进入对世纪，GIS将进入各行各业乃至千家万户，成为人们生产、生活、学习和工作中不可缺少的工具和助手。什么是GIS日常生活中，人们会提出这样的问题：道路拓宽至50米，需要拆迁那些建筑物…     

加拿大公用地理数据库的建立及发展

加拿大公用地理数据库的建立及发展姚艳敏（河北省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所）地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）是一种在计算机软硬设备支持下，实现地理空间数据输入、存贮、管理、检索、处理和综合分析的技术系统。加拿大自６０年代开发出世界上第一个地理信息系统即加拿大地理信...     

基于OpenGL的城市地下管网GIS可视化研究

阐述了GIS可视化的现状及地下管网的数据特点,比较分析OpenGL与其他工具的优缺点,设计了一种基于OpenGL的城市地下管网地理信息系统可视化算法;采用Oracle数据库存储空间数据,便于数据的读取与显示,并对显示时发生的事件进行了处理,有效地解决了城市地下管网地理信息系统的可视化问题。     

城市资源环境信息系统空间数据库的建立与应用-以贵阳市中心城区为例

以贵阳市中心城区为试验区,建立城市资源环境信息系统空间数据库用遥感和地理信息系统技术,进行城市资源综合评价,为城市规划与管理提供信息服务。该数据库的设计和建立是以地理信息系统PAMAP GIS软件为基本工具,在数据的采集过程中,以遥感数据作为充实和更新数据库的主要信息源。数据库由两部分组成:①基础地理数据库,包括数字高程模型和基础地理图件;②资源环境数据库,主要由常规专题图和遥感专题图组成。     

用设计数据整合空间数据

在社会工程建设领域,常常会涉及很多环节,比如规划、盖楼、修路、铺管道……这其中,工作人员总会用到两种重要的软件工具：CAD（计算机辅助设计）和GIS（地理信息系统）。前者,是用于工程设计精确数据输入和编辑的工具;后者,则与空间地理信息数据分析以及地图绘制有关。     

OLAP:将数据转化成信息的技术

作为对联机事务处理（OLTP，On－LineTransactionPro－cessing）进行补充的一种信息技术，联机分析处理（OLAP，On－LineAnalyticalProcessing）开始在现代管理过程中被人们大量使用。OLAP技术的概念最早由E.F.Codd在1993年提出。OLTP系统处理的对象是大量的事务，每个事务中有相对小容量的细节数据；而OLAP系统则注重于对相对大容量的，主要是聚合的数据进行分析。OLAP是行政信息系统（ExecutiveInformationSystem）进一步演变的方向，它使用户脱离了表单，脱离了传统关系数据库的制约。多维数据服务器（MDD）是OLAP技术…     

基于COM GIS的循环经济管理信息系统的设计开发*

组件式GIS是开发地理信息系统的最新技术手段,成为环境管理与GIS综合集成的首选工具。以Map—Objects为例,对基于组件式GIS开发循环经济管理信息系统的设计技术进行了分析,提出扩展系统开放性的方法,对信息查询、多源数据的图层处理及GIS与环境模型的集成途径进行了研究,结合程序代码,对如何实现系统功能进行说明,提出对循环经济管理中的特定对象进行动态跟踪的实现方法。     

基于Web GIS优化技术的评估研究

地理信息系统需要大容量数据的支撑,而大规模的地理空间数据给地理信息系统的处理带来了巨大挑战;为了提高网络地理信息系统的处理性能,必然要运用各种优化技术加快对数据的处理和迁移;对主要的地理信息系统优化技术进行了分析,并建立实验系统选用数据容量不同的两组数据分别测试了数据简化、数据压缩、相对坐标等优化技术对系统总体性能造成的影响;实验结果表明不同的数据容量下,不同的优化技术对系统性能的提高起到了不同的作用,并且要根据应用需求确定数据的优化精度。     

路径-维度GraphOLAP大规模多维网络并行分析框架

现实生活中大量数据都可以使用多维网络进行建模,如何更好地对多维网络进行分析至今仍是研究人员关注的重点.OLAP（联机分析处理）技术已被证实是对多维关系数据进行分析的有效工具,但应用OLAP技术管理和分析多维网络数据以支持有效决策仍旧是一项巨大的挑战.本文设计并提出了一种新的图立方体模型：路径-维度立方体,并针对提出的立方体模型将物化过程划分为关系路径物化与关联维度物化两部分,分别提出了物化策略并基于Spark框架设计了相关算法;在此基础上,我们针对网络数据设计并细化了相关的GraphOLAP（图联机分析处理）操作,丰富了框架的分析角度,提高了对多维网络的分析能力;最后,在Spark上实现了相关算法,通过对多个真实应用场景中的数据构建多维网络,在分析框架上进行了分析,实验表明我们提出的图立方体模型和物化算法具有一定有效性和可扩展性.     

GIS 在甘肃省公路自然区划研究中的应用

自然区划研究涉及到水文、气象、地理、地质、地貌等多方面的因素, 以往定性为主的区划方法已经无法适应数字地球时代高度信息化的要求, 必须在大量空间数据的基础上进行定量分析。这就需要能够综合管理、储存、显示、分析和模拟地理空间数据的强大工具。地理信息系统技术正是基于这一实际需要而被全程地应用到甘肃省公路自然区划研究中的。GIS 的应用主要体现在: ① 空间数据的采集与管理, 最终形成甘肃省公路自然区划数据库; ② 基于空间分析计算各类环境参数; ③ 利用GIS 技术编制甘肃省公路自然区划地图集; ④基于面向对象的VB 编程技术和组件式GIS 技术MO 自主开发的专业地理信息系统平台。     

移动地理信息系统中的多源异构数据融合模型

为了提高移动地理信息系统在野外数据采集过程中对多源异构数据的组织管理效率,在分析现有方法局限性和数据自身结构的基础上,提出一种基于可交换图像文件(EXIF)原理以数字图像为载体融合空间位置信息和一般形式属性的数据模型。该模型将关联的空间位置和一般属性嵌入到数字图像的物理结构中,从而实现关联数据的高度整合。基于该模型设计开发了野外数据采集系统,系统应用于农业资源管理与决策分析领域,验证了模型的有效性和实际效果。     

Linking GIS and water resources management models: an object-oriented method

Many challenges are associated with the integration of geographic information systems (GISs) with models in specific applications. One of them is adapting models to the environment of GISs. Unique aspects of water resource management problems require a special approach to development of GIS data structures. Expanded development of GIS applications for handling water resources management analysis can be assisted by use of an object oriented approach. In this paper, we model a river basin water allocation problem as a collection of spatial and thematic objects. A conceptual GIS data model is formulated to integrate the physical and logical components of the modeling problem into an operational framework, based on which, extended GIS functions are developed to implement a tight linkage between the GIS and the water resources management model. Through the object-oriented approach, data, models and users interfaces are integrated in the GIS environment, creating great flexibility for modeling and analysis. The concept and methodology described in this paper is also applicable to connecting GIS with models in other fields that have a spatial dimension and hence to which GIS can provide a powerful additional component of the modeler’s tool kit.     

基于工作流的交通地理信息系统的研究与开发

对在交通地理信息系统引入工作流技术的必要性进行分析,将工作流管理系统的流程控制能力与地理信息系统的空间数据处理能力结合起来,给出了一种基于工作流的交通地理信息系统框架.利用工作流技术建立空间信息工作流,为支持空间信息处理过程的规划和管理提供了科学的途径,同时对其中的关键技术进行了阐述,在此基础上实现了一个基于工作流的交通地理信息系统,成功地应用交通业务管理中,满足了现代化交通管理的需要.     

Nexus Tools Platform: Web-based comparison of modelling tools for analysis of water-soil-waste nexus

Exploring the inter-linkages of water, soil and waste resources and advancing an integrated management (or Nexus-) approach requires integrated modelling tools. Numerous models are available dealing with specific environmental processes, covering certain spatial and temporal scales and applying different mathematical process-describing relationships. However, finding and selecting the most appropriate (suite of) model(s) for a particular purpose is challenging, since current inventories do not allow any interactive filtering or model comparison. Therefore, we developed an interactive web-based platform, called Nexus Tools Platform (NTP), for inter-model comparison of existing modelling tools, which provides detailed information and allows for advanced filtering based on real-time visualizations. The alpha version of NTP (September 2015) comprises 73 models and covers a wide range of model types and environmental processes. We present selected NTP application examples for how to find and select the most appropriate modelling tools for a specific application using meta-analysis.     

Extending a deductive object-oriented database system with spatial data handling facilities

This paper describes the integration of a spatial data-handling component with the ROCK & ROLL deductive object-oriented database system. The extended ROCK & ROLL system provides much more comprehensive and better integrated database programming facilities than other candidate platforms for spatial information systems. The extended system serves developers with an intuitive, expressive, formally defined collection of spatial data types as primitive types whose operations have state-of-the-art computational complexity. The integration of these types with the object-oriented modelling, imperative programming and deductive querying facilities of ROCK & ROLL makes available a comprehensive and integrated suite of complementary mechanisms for the development of spatial information systems. The paper also provides preliminary benchmark results which indicate that kernel-support for spatial data handling does yield performance gains and that the extended ROCK & ROLL system compares well with a specialist geographic information system and two widely known extensible database systems when the latter are extended with spatial data handling facilities.     

Mapping applications for low-cost remote sensing and geographic information systems

Abstract

Increasing attention is being given to the practicability of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). Easily adaptable low-cost systems in these two rapidly advancing technologies have particular relevance for developing nations. Data from advanced satellite sensor sytems such as the SPOT High Resolution Visible (HRV) and the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) have proven to be useful in topographic as well as thematic mapping, particularly for map revision. Based on the specific application, mapping systems have ranged from simple visual image interpretation lo automated digital image analysis systems with sophisticated classification schemes. Examples of topographic and thematic mapping using low-cost systems will be presented.

GIS have extended the capability of low-cost digital systems that simply provided storage and map production capabilities, to systems providing spatial data analysis including the linkage of spatial data and spatially related attributes. Data capture is an essential but laborious and expensive component of the overall mapping system. Satellite remote sensing is an obvious source of data for mapping and map revision because of its repetitive wide-area coverage and low cost. The need for integration of remote sensing and GIS is thus inevitable and is rapidly emerging because of the complementary role played by these technologies in resource management. The importance and utility of this integrated approach to mapping will be documented using Canadian examples.     

Urban environmental management: monitoring, GIS, and modeling

Urban environmental management must integrate the spatial, structural features of a city, typically captured in geographical information systems (GIS), and the dynamics of environmental quality indicators that can be obtained by monitoring. To provide decision-relevant information supporting planning and management, these components are integrated in models for scenario analysis and optimisation tasks. The paper describes some results from an environmental Telematics project (ECOSIM) and two Esprit projects (HITERM, SIMTRAP), as well as a EUREKA EUROENVIRON project (AIDAIR), and applications in cities such as Vienna, Berlin, Geneva, Basel, Milano, Athens, Gdansk, and Izmir. Strategies for the integration of monitoring, GIS, and modeling are presented, that use a common client–server architecture, an object-oriented design, embedded expert systems technology, and a multi-media user interface to support easy access, and easy use of complex analytical tools for urban environmental management.     

An integrated VR–GIS navigation platform for city/region simulation

This paper introduces a virtual city oriented VR–GIS platform which synthesizes several latest information technologies including virtual reality, 3D geographical information system, remote sensing, and multi‐dimensional visualization. The platform is a seamless integration of VR functions and GIS analysis methods, which can be used to organize and present massive spatial data. It also supplies 3D spatial analysis functions, 3D visualization for spatial process and natural simulation, and serves as an engine platform for digital city. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.