拮抗酵母菌控制水果及其制品中展青霉素研究进展

展青霉素是由部分曲霉、青霉产生的有毒的代谢产物,主要污染水果及其制品,对人、畜危害较大。水果及其制品中展青霉素的常用控制方法是物理方法和化学方法,但物理方法和化学方法都存在一些弊端,限制了其在实际生产上的应用。近年来,采用拮抗酵母菌控制水果及其制品中展青霉素已成为学术研究的热点。本文对拮抗酵母菌控制水果及水果制品中展青霉素的研究进展进行了综述。     

Suitability of Plastic Films for Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fruits and Vegetables

Suitability of plastic films in standard configurations to maintain modified atmospheres was evaluated for common fruits and vegetables. Most films did not result in optimal O₂ and CO₂ atmospheres, especially when produce had high respiration. Produce with low and medium respiration could be matched with films considering O₂ permeability requirements alone. MA packaging systems designed to produce optimal oxygen at suitable temperatures could have complications from transient temperature increases during storage and/or transportation. Respiration rates of fruits and vegetables increase more with temperature than do gas permeabilities of films. Higher than optimum temperatures could cause anoxia and seriously damage produce. More permeable gas pathways and temperature compensation to equalize Q₁₀ values are needed for MA packaging systems to timction effectively.     

果蔬微生物保鲜技术的研究进展

果蔬保鲜技术的发展,具有显著的经济和社会效益。然而随着人们对食品安全的普遍关注,果蔬保鲜产业也有了天然、安全和营养的新要求。微生物保鲜是一种安全、无毒、有效的生物保鲜技术,应用前景广阔。采用拮抗菌制剂对果蔬进行保鲜可以减少化学合成杀菌剂对人类健康的不良影响,并有效防止植物病原菌的抗药性。综述了用于果蔬保鲜的微生物种类、保鲜机理及处理方法,对果蔬微生物保鲜研究作了简单概述,对目前存在的问题和发展趋势进行了分析,以期为安全有效的果蔬微生物保鲜剂的开发提供参考。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖在果品保鲜中应用研究进展

果品采后保鲜是关系到农业可持续发展的重要问题之一,采用天然魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)对果品进行保鲜可以大大减少化学合成杀菌剂对人类健康的不良影响。简要综述了KGM的结构,保鲜机理及其在果品保鲜上的应用,分析了KGM在果品保鲜应用中的现状及其存在的问题,并对其前景进行展望。     

Food Packaging: A Comprehensive Review and Future Trends

Innovations in food packaging systems will help meet the evolving needs of the market, such as consumer preference for “healthy” and high‐quality food products and reduction of the negative environmental impacts of food packaging. Emerging concepts of active and intelligent packaging technologies provide numerous innovative solutions for prolonging shelf‐life and improving the quality and safety of food products. There are also new approaches to improving the passive characteristics of food packaging, such as mechanical strength, barrier performance, and thermal stability. The development of sustainable or green packaging has the potential to reduce the environmental impacts of food packaging through the use of edible or biodegradable materials, plant extracts, and nanomaterials. Active, intelligent, and green packaging technologies can work synergistically to yield a multipurpose food‐packaging system with no negative interactions between components, and this aim can be seen as the ultimate future goal for food packaging technology. This article reviews the principles of food packaging and recent developments in different types of food packaging technologies. Global patents and future research trends are also discussed.     

果蔬微生物保鲜技术的研究进展

微生物保鲜技术是一种安全、无毒、无污染的保鲜技术,已成为国内外果蔬贮藏保鲜的研究热点。作者综述了微生物保鲜技术在果蔬保鲜中的应用及其保鲜机理,并探讨了其存在的问题和应用前景。     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Minimally Processed Mango and Pineapple Fruits

ABSTRACT: Market increase efforts for tropical fruits have been previously limited by short shelf life. A modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system for pineapple and mango was developed to increase shelf life of the fruits. Sample preparation consisted of hand-peeling, dicing, blanching, dipping in ascorbic acid and packaging. The treatments were: gas mixture (4% O₂, 10% CO₂ and 86% N2); vacuum packaging; 100% oxygen, and control. Microbial growth, texture, and color were significantly (P < 0.005) different between the gas and other treatments. The gas mixture treatment achieved the longest shelf life. The sensory analysis showed slight difference between fresh and MAP mango and no difference between fresh and MAP pineapple. MAP could be used as a technology to extend the shelf life of mango and pineapple.     

Advances in Edible Coatings for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: A Review

Edible coatings are an environmentally friendly technology that is applied on many products to control moisture transfer, gas exchange or oxidation processes. Edible coatings can provide an additional protective coating to produce and can also give the same effect as modified atmosphere storage in modifying internal gas composition. One major advantage of using edible films and coatings is that several active ingredients can be incorporated into the polymer matrix and consumed with the food, thus enhancing safety or even nutritional and sensory attributes. But, in some cases, edible coatings were not successful. The success of edible coatings for fresh products totally depends on the control of internal gas composition. Quality criteria for fruits and vegetables coated with edible films must be determined carefully and the quality parameters must be monitored throughout the storage period. Color change, firmness loss, ethanol fermentation, decay ratio and weight loss of edible film coated fruits need to be monitored. This review discusses the use of different edible coatings (polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and composite) as carriers of functional ingredients on fresh fruits and vegetables to maximize their quality and shelf life. This also includes the recent advances in the incorporation of antimicrobials, texture enhancers and nutraceuticals to improve quality and functionality of fresh-cut fruits. Sensory implications, regulatory status and future trends are also reviewed.     

鲜切果蔬的品质及贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

鲜切果蔬的新鲜、健康、卫生和方便等特点使其在发达国家发展迅速,已成为果蔬采后研究的新领域。鲜切果蔬因经过清洗、去皮、切分等处理,产品的品质下降快、生理生化代谢加剧、易受微生物侵染,货架寿命缩短。本文简述了引起鲜切果蔬品质劣变的原因,并重点介绍了近年来国内外对鲜切果蔬贮藏保鲜技术研究的新进展,其中包括物理、化学、生物保鲜技术和综合保鲜技术,以期为今后更深入的研究提供借鉴与参考。     

木霉及其代谢产物在果蔬保鲜中的应用研究进展

采后果蔬在贮藏运销过程中极易被病原菌侵染发生严重的腐烂,而木霉及其代谢产物能抑制果蔬中常见病原菌的生长繁殖,起到抑菌防腐保鲜的作用。木霉对生物体无毒、无害、对环境无污染,是一种有发展前景的生物保鲜法。该文对近年来木霉在果蔬保鲜中的应用研究进展进行综述,包含木霉的种类、木霉保鲜机理,木霉及代谢产物在果蔬保鲜上的应用效果和木霉商业化产品,以及利用木霉开发保鲜产品中存在的问题及解决方法。     

果蔬可食性涂膜剂结构组分与功能的研究进展

随着人们绿色消费和环保意识的增强,可食性涂膜剂成了国内外学者研究的热点,其添加剂成分也向天然、可食的方向发展。文中综述了果蔬可食性涂膜剂结构组分与功能的研究进展,包括多糖类膜、蛋白质膜和脂质膜,以及添加于可食性涂膜剂中的抗氧化剂、杀菌剂和其他助剂的研究情况。     

气调包装果蔬贮藏寿命预测

在分析气调包装果蔬生理特性的基础上,提出以干物质的分解量作为果蔬产品质量的控制指标,结合气调包装气体交换机理及包装内气体浓度的变化,建立气调包装果蔬的贮藏寿命预测模型。并对一樱桃果品气调包装进行其贮藏寿命的预测。     

Microbiological Quality and Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables at Retail Levels in Korea

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of fresh produce at retail level in Korea in order to periodically update information and establish available risks associated with consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. The samples from different markets located in 3 provinces of South Korea were collected. The protocol in the Korean Food Standards Codex was applied and generic Escherichia coli, coliforms, aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), and yeast and mold (YM) in 360 packaged and unpackaged fresh fruits and vegetables were analyzed. Presence of pathogens was examined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (q‐PCR) after enrichment of samples. For all, the microbial counts ranged from 1.7 to 10.6 log cfu/g for AMB, 2.2 to 7.9 log cfu/g for coliforms, and 5.5 to 7.9 log cfu/g for YM. Three lettuce samples were contaminated by E. coli with a bacterial load ranging from 2 to 4 log cfu/g. Salmonella spp. were not detected in any fresh produce. Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus were found in 1 (0.6%), 3 (0.8%), and 5 (1.4%) fresh produce samples, respectively. Bacillus cereus (50.3%) and Clostridium perfringens (13.3%) had the highest prevalence. These results indicate the need for employing strict control measures and developing preventive strategies to improve the quality and safety of fresh produce in Korea.     

植物精油对果蔬霉菌的抑制及在果蔬保鲜中的应用

精油是一类植物源的次生代谢产物,是萃取于植物的叶、花、根、茎或果实等不同组织部位的具有挥发性油状液体的芳香类物质,因其具有广谱的抑菌活性,在果蔬贮藏保鲜中得到广泛应用。该文综述了植物精油对果蔬中霉菌的抑菌效果及其抑菌机理,简要分析了精油采前喷洒法、精油浸渍法、精油熏蒸处理、精油微胶囊包埋法、精油复合涂膜和精油保鲜纸等多种用于果蔬保鲜的处理方法及作用效果,最后对植物精油的发展前景作出展望,为植物精油在果蔬保鲜中的研究和应用提供理论基础。     

酸性电解水对果蔬杀菌及保鲜效果的研究

本研究采用酸性电解水对新鲜菠菜、桃子及樱桃进行处理,考察了酸性电解水对上述果蔬在不同贮藏条件下保鲜效果的影响.结果表明,pH 3.04、有效氯浓度(ACC)30.2 mg/kg的强酸性电解水和pH 5.68、ACC 26.6 mg/kg的微酸性电解水浸泡处理5min均能使菠菜表面的微生物数下降2.0lg cfu/g以上...     

可食性膜及其在果蔬保鲜中的应用

本文概述了可食性膜的分类、特性及其影响因素以及成形技术,并就其在果蔬保鲜中的应用进行了综述。     

Using soy protein SiOx nanocomposite film coating to extend the shelf life of apple fruit

Preservation properties of soy protein isolate (SPI)/nano‐SiOx composite coatings to apple fruits were investigated. The sodium dodecyl sulfonate‐modified nano‐SiOx (SNS) particles were prepared by the ultrasonic method and the counter‐ion activation method, which products were designated as USNS and CSNS, respectively. The incorporation of CSNS particles was better than USNS to improve the preservation quality of the SPI film. The best conditions for the synthesis of the composite film were as follows: 10% SPI concentration, 0.3% nano‐SiOx dosage and coating time of 60 s. Under these conditions, the climacteric peak of apples was delayed to the fifth week. The apples also had better physiological indices than the control group. Nano‐SiOx particles were inlaid and evenly dispersed into the SPI film coatings. This work provides a simple CaCl₂ pre‐activation method to produce SPI film coatings with good dispersion of nano‐SiOx particles for further preservation application of fresh fruits.     

HACCP体系在食品包装纸及其制品生产中的应用

探讨了危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP,Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point)体系在食品包装纸及其制品生产中的应用,根据HACCP的基本原理,对食品包装纸及其制品的生产流程进行了分析,找出了危害因素,确定了关键控制点和关键限值,并对关键控制点的监控和纠偏措施进行了讨论。     

鲜切果蔬的生理生化变化及其保鲜技术的研究进展

介绍了果蔬切割后酶促褐变、膜脂过氧化、伤乙烯的产生、呼吸作用及微生物变化等生理生化变化,以及保持鲜切果蔬品质的一些化学和物理方法。