果酒中酚类物质及其非酶褐变的研究进展

果酒的氧化褐变严重影响了果酒的质量,是果酒生产中长期存在的重要问题。因此,探讨果酒氧化褐变的机理并寻求有效防止果酒氧化褐变的方法具有重要的现实意义。本文较全面的介绍了果酒中酚类物质的种类和发生非酶氧化褐变反应的机理及其研究进展,以及防止或减轻氧化褐变的技术措施。     

Enzymatic Browning Inhibition in Cloudy Apple Juice by Electrodialysis

Cloudy apple juice (pH 3.8) was acidified to pH 2.7, at 16–24°C and at a constant current density of 40 mA/cm², in an electrodialysis (ED) unit composed of an AB electrocell with three compartments, a bipolar membrane (Neosepta BP-1) and two ion-exchange membranes (anion- and cation-exchange). The treatment inhibited 81% of the activity of polyphenoloxidase and slowed enzymatic browning, indicated by a decrease in indice “a” and an increase in “L” on the Hunter Lab colorimeter scale. During ED treatments, conductivity and K⁺ concentration in apple juice decreased by, respectively, 21% and 86%.     

Enzymatic Browning of Model Solutions and Apple Phenolic Extracts by Apple Polyphenoloxidase

Model solutions containing chlorogenic acid (CG) and (-)-epicatechin (EP), and phenolics from nine apple cv., were oxidized with apple polyphenoloxidase (PPO). Browning was determined by absorbance at 380–700 nm, and transformed into CIE L*, a* and b*. Multilinear correlations were established between initial and degraded amounts of each phenolic. In model solutions of CG and EP, color values and A₄₀₀ correlated strongly with initial and oxidized CG and EP. Both phenolics contributed to decrease in L* and increase in A₄₀₀. Increase ii CG increased a*, but EP had little effect. The imnact of increased EP on b* was two to three times higher than for CG_: In each phenol class (hydroxycinnamic (HD), flavan-3-ol (FA), flavonol (FO) and dihydrochalcone (DC) derivatives), degraded amounts were increased or decreased by increasing amounts of other classes. Besides major phenolics, HD (mainly CG) and FA (mainly EP and procyanidin B2), FO and DC, appeared to affect color development.     

采用高效液相色谱法分析荔枝酒中的酚类物质

选用乙酸乙酯作为荔枝酒酚类化合物的萃取溶剂,通过对HPLC洗脱条件的摸索,建立了HPLC同时分离荔枝酒中40多种组分的反相色谱条件。结合标准品保留时间比对和LC-MS-MS分析,准确定性了其中的(-)-表儿茶素、原花青素B2、没食子酸和芦丁等4种酚类物质,并在此基础上建立了这4种酚类化合物的HPLC定量测定方法,回收率均在85%以上。该技术为进一步研究荔枝酒的褐变问题提供了有效的分析手段。     

静电纺丝技术包埋天然酚类化合物研究进展

天然酚类化合物因其对人体健康具有众多益处,近年来在食品、营养学和医药等领域得到了广泛的关注.然而,酚类化合物较差的溶解性、稳定性和生物利用度等严重地限制了其应用.如何有效地保护和运载这些酚类化合物并保持其生物活性成为研究的热点问题.静电纺丝是一种易于操作且成本低廉的纳米级纤维制备技术,所制备的纳米纤维可作为纳米载体对生...     

葡萄酒酚类物质研究进展

酚类物质作为葡萄酒的“骨架成分”,在葡萄酒中起着重要作用,不仅影响葡萄酒的颜色、滋味和口味等,还具有抗氧化作用。概述了葡萄酒中主要的酚类物质及其作用研究进展。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定葡萄酒中没食子酸等8种多酚类化合物

建立了固相萃取.高效液相色谱光电二极管阵列检测法测定葡萄酒中没食子酸等8种多酚类生物活性化合物的方法.并用此方法测定了市售的7种葡萄酒中该8种生物活性物质的含量.实验确定了葡萄酒样品中的没食子酸等物质的固相萃取方法,通过优化萃取条件,有效的去除了葡萄酒中大量干扰成分.采用HypersilC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,i.d.5μm)分离.以乙腈-0.3%乙酸为流动相,线性梯度洗脱,以保留时间和特征光谱对分离出的组分予以定性确证,用峰面积进行定量.8种组分的质量浓度与其峰面积在一定的范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9982～0.9999,8种组分的平均回收率为83.9%～103.7%(相对标准偏差为1.6%～4.6%),检测限为0.2～1.5mg/L.对市售的7种葡萄酒的检测结果表明,多酚类物质作为葡萄酒中重要的生物活性成分,其含量与葡萄酒的酿造方式,葡萄品种,葡萄产地有密切的关系.该方法简便、快速、灵敏,也适用于其它复杂体系中没食子酸等8种生物活性的成分分析.     

高效液相色谱法测定菠萝中多酚类化合物

利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析了多酚类物质在菠萝果皮、果肉、果心中的含量及分布情况。色谱条件：色谱柱为 Diamonsil C_(18)柱(250 mm×4．6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈和0．3%醋酸溶液,柱温为25℃,流速为 1．0mL/min,线性梯度洗脱,检测波长为280nm。在此色谱条件下,各组分均得到良好分离。经测定,菠萝果皮中含有4种酚类物质,为没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、阿魏酸,含量较高；果肉及果心中酚类物质为表儿茶素和阿魏酸,含量较低。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定砀山酥梨中的酚类物质

本文研究了高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱定性、定量检测砀山酥梨及其制品中的酚类物质。样品中的酚类物质在70min内得到分离,酚类物质由色谱的保留时间、质谱信息和参考文献确定。质谱检测在负离子模式下,利用全扫描模式、多反应检测模式和中性丢失模式进行。本研究在砀山酥梨中共检出酚类27种,主要酚类物质是绿原酸,含量为180mg/L,其次为熊果苷、没食子酸、咖啡酸、咖啡奎宁酸、表儿茶素、儿茶素、柚(皮)苷、芦丁、槲皮素-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-鼠李糖苷、香豆酸-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-戊糖苷、鼠李糖素-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素等。     

天然酚类化合物的抑菌作用及在肉与肉制品中的应用研究进展

氧化和微生物腐败是影响肉与肉制品品质和货架期的主要原因。从植物中提取的酚类化合物具有抗氧化和抑菌活性,但其抑菌机制尚不完全明确,同时缺乏较为系统、深入的总结。本文基于天然酚类化合物的分类和抑菌活性差异,从细胞壁、细胞膜、生物膜和蛋白质的合成等方面分析总结酚类化合物可能的抑菌机制及其在肉类工业中的应用情况,以期为研究天然酚类化合物的抑菌机制及其在肉类生产加工中的应用提供理论基础。     

高效液柑色谱-串联质谱测定砀山酥梨中的酚类物质

本文研究了高效液相色谱．电喷雾串联质谱定性、定量检测砀山酥梨及其制品中的酚类物质。样品中的酚类物质在70min内得到分离，酚类物质由色谱的保留时间、质谱信息和参考文献确定。质谱检测在负离子模式下，利用全扫描模式、多反应检测模式和中性丢失模式进行。本研究在砀山酥梨中共检出酚类27种，主要酚类物质是绿原酸，含量为180mg／L，其次为熊果苷、没食子酸、咖啡酸、咖啡奎宁酸、表儿茶素、儿茶素、柚（皮）苷、芦丁、槲皮素．葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-鼠李糖苷、香豆酸-葡萄糖苷、槲皮紊-戊糖苷、鼠李糖素-葡萄糖苷、槲皮索等。     

Phenolic Compounds and Plant Phenolic Extracts as Natural Antioxidants in Prevention of Lipid Oxidation in Seafood: A Detailed Review

Lipid oxidation is the principal cause of quality loss in seafood, which is known to contain high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Such quality deterioration, associated with the development of off‐flavor as well as lowering of nutritive value, can be retarded by incorporation of additives having antioxidative properties. The use of synthetic antioxidants has long been practiced in retarding lipid oxidation. However, due to the potential health concerns of synthetic antioxidants, polyphenolic compounds, which are found in different plants and their manufactured by‐products, have been used as an alternative natural antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation in different seafood systems. Both pure phenolic compounds and crude plant phenolic extracts have been successfully used in delaying oxidation in fish muscle, fish oil, and fish oil‐in‐water emulsions. This article reviews in detail the phenolic antioxidants and their natural sources as well as focuses on the role of pure phenolic compounds and crude plant phenolic extracts on the prevention of lipid oxidation in different seafood systems.     

Phenolic Compounds in Virgin Olive Oils: Fractionation by Solid Phase Extraction and Antioxidant Activity Assessment

The polar fraction of virgin olive oil was separated into two main parts (A and B) using solid phase extraction. Analysis of individual components by RP-HPLC indicated that the part (A) contained only simple phenols and phenolic acids. Part (B) had a complex nature. The two parts tested for their antioxidant activity showed relatively high protection factors in safflower oil stored at 80°C. Part B was found to contribute more than part A to the stability of the oil. The antioxidant activity of both fractions was related to their content of total polyphenols and o-diphenols. Acidic and alkaline hydrolysis showed significant quantitative changes in the HPLC profiles indicating the presence of ether and ester bonds while high-performance anion exchange chromatography of sugars after hydrolysis gave evidence for the presence of only traces of glycosides. A first attempt to identify a characteristic chromatographic peak of part B by HPLC fractionation and mass spectrometry showed the presence of an ester of tyrosol most probably with a dicarboxylic acid. © 1997 SCI.     

Inhibition of Horse Bean and Germinated Barley Lipoxygenases by Some Phenolic Compounds

Phenolic compounds have been repeatedly implicated as potent antioxidants. Efficiency has been frequently estimated by radical scavenging activity and few reports have considered lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition. Horse bean LOX was inhibited by a range of phenolic acids, gallates and flavonoids. All compounds tested were uncompetitive inhibitors with the exception of flavonol aglycons which were non competitive type. In each class of compounds, inhibition constants were strongly affected by structures. Inhibition patterns of (-)-epicatechin on germinated barley LOXs were detailed: (-)-epicatechin acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor while (-)-epicatechin reduced hydroperoxide formation by its radical scavenging activity and thus limited enzyme activation.     

山楂多酚含量的反相高效液相色谱法测定

建立同时测定山楂中绿原酸、表儿茶素和芦丁3 种酚类物质的反相高效液相色谱方法,并研究这三种酚类物质在山楂干果果肉、干果果核和鲜果果肉中的含量。经测定,表儿茶素在山楂鲜果果肉中含量最高,达到(1.661 ± 0.024) mg/g;绿原酸和芦丁在山楂干果果肉中含量最高,分别达到(0.550 ± 0.002) mg/g 和(0.498 ± 0.002) mg/g。本方法样品处理简单,具有良好的重现性和线性,相关性系数均达到0.999,绿原酸、表儿茶素和芦丁的回收率分别为91.8%～110.9%、94.6%～107.9% 和94.2%～108.8%;检出限分别为0.14、0.37 和0.68μg/ml (S/N ＝ 3)。     

单花蜂蜜多酚类物质的抗氧化活性

以5种中国单花原蜜,不同产地的42个样本通过Amberlite XAD-2吸附树脂得到的多酚提取物为原料,采用分光光度法,测定总酚酸和总黄酮含量、还原能力、抗氧化活性(清除DPPH自由基、O2－ ·能力),评估蜂蜜多酚类物质抗氧化活性及蜂蜜品种、颜色和地域差异对清除自由基的影响。结果表明：样本总黄酮含量为(9.41±0.18)～(92.76±0.13)mg/kg;总酚酸含量为(9.10±0.05)～(149.57±0.14)mg/100g;深色枣花蜜抗氧化能力最强,对DPPH自由基、O2－ ·清除作用分别为EC50＝(0.042±0.014)g/mL和EC50＝(0.038±0.009)g/mL。提示蜂蜜的多酚类物质影响抗氧化活性,酚酸、黄酮含量与抗氧化能力呈现正相关系;色深原蜜的酚酸、黄酮含量高于色浅原蜜,抗氧化能力也强于浅色原蜜。     

Total Phenolic Compounds, Flavonoids, and Radical Scavenging Activity of 21 Selected Tropical Plants

ABSTRACT:  Free radical scavenging activity of 21 tropical plant extracts was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH). Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu and HPLC, respectively. Results of the study revealed that all the plants tested exhibited excellent antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ in the range of 21.3 to 89.6 μg/mL. The most potent activity was demonstrated by  Cosmos caudatus  (21.3 μg/mL) and  Piper betle  (23.0 μg/mL) that are not significantly different than that of     -tocopherol or BHA.  L. inermis  extract was found to consist of the highest concentration of phenolics, catechin, epicatechin, and naringenin. High content of quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol were identified in  Vitex negundo ,  Centella asiatica , and  Sesbania grandiflora  extracts, respectively. Luteolin and apigenin, on the other hand, were found in  Premna cordifolia  and  Kaempferia galanga  extracts. Strong correlation ( R  = 0.8613) between total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids ( R  = 0.8430) and that of antioxidant activity of the extracts were observed. The study revealed that phenolic, in particular flavonoids, may be the main contributors to the antioxidant activity exhibited by the plants.
Practical Application: Potent antioxidant from natural sources is of great interest to replace the use of synthetic antioxidants. In addition, some of the plants have great potential to be used in the development of functional ingredients/foods that are currently in demand for the health benefits associated with their use.     

Isolation and Characterization of Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds by HPLC/UV and GC-MS

ABSTRACT This research examined the phenolic fraction of extra virgin olive oil samples from Lianolia variety olives grown in the region of Preveza, Greece. Phenolic compounds were extracted from oil samples, separated by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and characterized by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Both simple and complex phenols were detected with the latter being the most abundant. 3–4‐Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (hydroxytyrosol) and p‐hydroxyphenylethanol (tyrosol) predominated among the simple phenols. Complex phenolic compounds were further separated by preparative HPLC and analyzed by GC‐MS before and after hydrolysis. The presence of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol derivatives was confirmed. Both derivatives were always present in greater quantities and made up an average exceeding 70% in all samples analyzed.     

产地与品种对葡萄酒中酚类物质含量的影响

选取同一产地(天水)3 个葡萄品种：“西拉(Shiraz)”、“蛇龙珠 (Carbernet Gernischet)”、“赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)”所酿制的新鲜干红葡萄酒以及5 个不同产地(天水、和硕、玛纳斯、延庆和怀来)赤霞珠葡萄酒,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析葡萄酒中11 种酚酸、5 种黄烷-3- 醇、10 种黄酮醇和2 种黄酮的含量。结果表明：同一产地不同品种和同一品种不同产地间的葡萄酒中酚类物质的含量都存在显著差异。其中,赤霞珠葡萄酒是3 个葡萄品种中酚类物质含量最高的品种;在5 个不同产地中,延庆赤霞珠葡萄酒中酚酸含量最高,黄烷-3- 醇含量最高的为和硕赤霞珠葡萄酒,而怀来赤霞珠葡萄酒中所含黄酮醇含量最高。