落叶松碱性亚硫酸盐蒸煮中几种助剂的效果

本文研究了落叶松碱性亚硫酸盐蒸煮中，蒽醌及其几种衍生物作为氧化还原性催化剂对蒸煮反应的影响。结果表明，蒽醌具有最好的效果，其用量为0.1%（对绝干原料）时，可使卡伯值由123降到54。其次是绿氧，可使卡伯值降低到66。蒽醌衍生物B的效果次于绿氧，而1，4－二羟基蒽醌和1，4－二氨基蒽醌的作用更小。蒽醌与少量乙二胺并用，也显示出较好的效果。     

比色法测定决明茶中总蒽醌衍生物

目的建立比色法测定决明茶中总蒽醌衍生物含量的方法。方法样品用混合酸水解后,用乙醚提取,挥干后,利用蒽醌衍生物和醋酸镁甲醇溶液反应显色的原理,测定反应物在515 nm波长处光密度,比色法定量。结果该方法检出限为0.40 mg/L,线性范围为2～10 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.29%～3.87%,平均回收率为92.0%～103.0%。结论该方法分析速度快,具有良好的稳定性,适用于决明茶中总蒽醌衍生物含量的测定。     

蒽醌在中性亚硫酸盐杨木化机浆中的作用

本文对蒽醌在中性亚硫酸盐杨木化机浆中的作用做了一些探讨。在得率81～89％范围内,蒽醌具有保护碳水化合物的作用,且加速了木素的脱除,同时,提高了杨木化机浆的强度,降低了磨浆能耗。NS-AQ化机浆的这些特点,在将来用该浆配抄新闻纸以提高强度和质量时具有十分重要的意义。     

HPLC法测定保健食品中蒽醌类成分的含量

目的建立测定保健食品中大黄酸、芦荟大黄素、1,8-二羟基蒽醌、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚含量的高效液相色谱法。方法使用Symmetry@C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以甲醇+0.1%磷酸水溶液(80+20)为流动相,检测波长为254nm。结果大黄酸、芦荟大黄素、1,8-二羟基蒽醌、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚在0.014～0.280、0.014～0.280、0.0126～0.0252、0.0156～0.104、0.025～0.500和0.025～0.500μg/ml浓度范围内具有良好线性关系;平均加标回收率分别为91.5%、90.2%、85.3%、105.3%、87.7%和102.1%;相对标准偏差分别为6.21%、5.82%、7.11%、8.50%、7.35%和9.42%。结论该方法简便、准确,有良好的重现性,技术参数指标符合食品理化分析的要求,可用于蒽醌类保健食品的质量控制。     

六堡茶中有机污染物9,10-蒽醌含量测定与污染情况分析撤回

为了解六堡茶中有机污染物9,10-蒽醌含量水平,及通过结果分析可能污染来源途径。在市场上随机抽取六堡茶样品48份,样品经丙酮/正己烷提取和SPE固相萃取柱净化后,净化液采用气相色谱串联质谱法进行检测,内标法定量,5～100ng/mL的浓度范围内具有良好线性关系,线性回归方程为Y=0.128943X-0.044518,拟合度R2为0.9995,方法检出限为1.0μg/kg,定量限为4.0μg/kg,回收率处于85.3%～103.2%范围,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.54%～5.42%。研究发现,抽检样品中9,10-蒽醌检出率为68.8%,含量范围为9.9～120.1μg/kg,参考欧盟EUNo1146/2014限量要求20μg/kg,样品超标率为54.2%;进行污染评价分析发现受到9,10-蒽醌中度、重度污染的六堡茶样品的分别为12.5%、22.9%。结果表明,六堡茶中9,10-蒽醌检出率及超标率均较高,六堡茶存在受到一定程度9,10-蒽醌污染情况,应引起社会关注。     

1-硝基-2-乙基蒽醌的合成研究

本文以2-乙基蒽醌和硝化剂为原料合成出1-硝基-2-乙基蒽醌粗产品,经气相色谱分析产物中1-硝基-2-乙基蒽醌的含量为87.021%,采用有机溶剂纯化后,产品纯度,为98%以上.1-硝基-2-乙基蒽醌为淡黄色粉状体,熔点为220～222℃.     

改性蒽醌在棉浆粕上的应用

改性蒽醌溶于碱液中,可提升蒽醌的催化作用,加速木素的溶出,保护纤维素,提高浆得率,节碱20%～30%。     

发酵巴戟天中多糖、寡糖与蒽醌复配的抗氧化活性研究

目的 研究发酵巴戟天中多糖、寡糖与蒽醌单独及复配后的抗氧化活性。 方法 通过DPPH、羟自由基、超氧自由基的清除率和线虫模型对三种有效组分的抗氧化活性进行测定。 结果 多糖、寡糖与蒽醌单独作用及复配均对活性氧自由基具有清除作用,复配组在中低浓度下清除DPPH自由基和超氧自由基具有协同抗氧化作用;以羟自由基为清除对象时,在高浓度只有蒽醌+寡糖和多糖+寡糖+蒽醌组才存在协同作用。此外,复配组分对线虫的寿命延长和运动行为能力增强作用效果普遍优于单独作用。结论 发酵巴戟天中多糖、寡糖与蒽醌的含量较为丰富,复配后具有良好的抗氧化效果,可为发酵巴戟天的开发提供基础数据。     

蒸煮助剂对稻麦草亚硫酸钾蒸煮的作用

研究了新型蒸煮助剂磷酸钾和常规蒸煮助剂蒽醌、CT-1在稻麦草的亚硫酸钾蒸煮中的作用.实验结果表明磷酸钾对稻草和麦草亚硫酸钾蒸煮具有不同程度降低纸浆硬度的作用.蒽醌对于麦草亚硫酸钾法蒸煮有显著作用.而蒽醌和CT-1对于稻草亚硫酸钾法蒸煮没有起到明显作用.     

无皂苯丙聚合物分散蒽醌复合乳液的制备与应用

研究了无皂苯丙聚合物的削备及其对液化葱醌的乳化,将所得复合乳液用于蒸煮三倍体毛白杨实验并对其性能进行测试.其中m(无皂苯丙聚合物固含量)/m(蒽醌)=3/10,该乳液具有优异的分散性和稳定性.在硫酸盐法蒸煮对比应用实验中,其中蒽醌用量0.05%(相对于绝干原料).结果表明:在蒸煮对比试验中,蒽醌乳液较葱醌晶体使蒸煮液表面张力降低了38.46%,粗浆得率提高了10.0%,细浆得率提高了11.8%;用所得纸浆进行纸张抄遣,纸张物理性能抗张指数提高26.5%,撕裂指数提高19.2%,白度提高32.2%.对复合蒽醌乳液进行透射电镜(下EM)分析,表明该复合乳液微粒呈规则的球形,颗粒表面光滑,平均粒径约为180～230nm.     

Total amitraz residues in bee honeys]

A total of 330 bee honey samples was analysed in 1986-1990, and the results are reported. Analysis was performed according to the method for the amitraz total residue determination by hydrolysis and steam distillation as described. 60% of the honeys were practically not contamined (total residue content amounting to 0.01 mg/kg), 8.5% of the honeys contained more than 0.05 mg/kg. Maximal values of 0.2-0.5 mg/kg were stated. 54% of the rape-honeys contained more than 0.01 mg/kg, 19% more than 0.05 mg/kg.     

不同路况中骑行者皮肤变形分析

为明确在不同路况和不同骑行动作下的皮肤变形量,针对人体在上坡、平地和下坡3种不同路况下的骑行姿势,分别提取4个关键骑行动作进行测试与分析。结果表明:下坡路况时的肩宽缩小程度最大,达-14.26%;平地和下坡路况下背宽的变化率在25%以上;腰围在骑行过程中增大,下坡路况时腰围变化最大,而上坡路况时最小;胸围、大腿围、小腿围的变化率都小于3%;人体的前上半身长都呈收缩状态,平地和下坡路况时变化率达-10%以上;后背长呈拉伸状态,但变化率不足5%;人体正面腰围线到小腿围线的总长减小,但人体侧面的腰围线到小腿围线的总长变化不大。     

Cigarette smoking and quitting behaviors among unemployed adults in the United States.

Little is known about factors associated with smoking among the unemployed. This study estimated the prevalence of smoking and examined sociodemographic factors associated with current, former, and successful quitting among unemployed adults aged 18-64. Cross-sectional data on 13,480 participants in the 1998-1999 and 2001-2002 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Surveys were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with study outcomes (current vs. never, former vs. current, successful quitter vs. other former smoker). Among the unemployed, 35% were current smokers and 13% were former smokers. Of the former smokers, 81% quit successfully for at least 12 months. Participants with family incomes of less than US$25,000 were more likely than those with incomes of $50,000 or more to currently smoke (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.85-2.46). Service workers and blue-collar workers were less likely than white-collar workers to report former smoking. Participants unemployed for 6 months or more were twice as likely as those unemployed for less than 6 months to quit successfully (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.07-3.95). Unemployed blue-collar workers had a greater odds ratio of successfully quitting than white-collar workers (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.17-2.87). Smoking rates were high among the unemployed, and quitting behaviors varied by sociodemographic factors and length of unemployment. Studies are needed to examine the feasibility of cessation interventions for the unemployed.     

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of lipids in genetically modified potato tubers with varying rates of 14-3-3 protein synthesis

In six transgenic lines of potatoes with the varying rates of 14-3-3 protein synthesis as well as in control cultivar Desiree the content and composition of the lipids extracted from the mature tubers from three years field trials (1998-2000) were analyzed. The transgenic lines J2 and J1 are both overexpressing gene encoding 14-3-3 protein. The J2 exhibited an overexpression of the protein 14-3-3 derived from pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) cDNA and in J1 the 14-3-3 overexpression resulted from modifying of ADP-ribosylation factor synthesis. In the remaining lines, synthesis of the protein 14-3-3 was modified by the antisense technology. In tubers from 1998, the content of total lipids was within the range of 0.45-0.88% of tuber dry matter. The highest amount of fat was in tubers of line J2 (69% more than in the control). The content of lipids in tubers from subsequent years ranged from 0.36 to 0.63% of dry matter. Consistently the highest amount of fat was in tubers of line J2, however, the increase was very slight (8.6% more than in the control). The fractionation of lipids into polar and nonpolar fractions showed that all transgenic lines from field trials 1998 and 2000 contained more nonpolar lipids than the control (up to 270% in line J2). The percentage of nonpolar fractions in fats of tubers from all transgenes harvested in 1999 were similar, but they were higher than in tubers from the previous years, and they amounted to 44.4-49.1%. Chromatographic separation of methyl esters of fatty acids demonstrated that cis-alpha-linoleic acid was the main fatty acid present in potato tubers. This acid composed the biggest part of all lipids in G2 line. In the nonpolar fraction of lipids, palmitic acid followed by cis-alpha-linoleic acid showed the highest amounts.     

New Zealand's tobacco control programme 1985-1998

OBJECTIVE: To review the impact of New Zealand's tobacco control programme from 1985 to 1998 on smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption, and to estimate the scope for further reduction. DESIGN: Country case study; interventions, with outcomes ranked internationally across time. SETTING: New Zealand 1985-98; for 1985-95, 23 OECD countries. INTERVENTIONS: Between 1985 and 1998, New Zealand eliminated tobacco advertising, halved the affordability of cigarettes, and reduced smoke exposure in work time by 39%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Reduction in adult smoking prevalence and in tobacco products consumption per adult. RESULTS: Changes in prevalence 1985-98: in adults (aged 15+ years), -17% (from 30% to 25%) but short of the 20% target for 2000; in youth (aged 15-24 years), -20% (from 35% to 28%); and in Maori adults (aged 15+ years), -17% (from 56% in 1981 to 46% in 1996). Changes in consumption 1985-98: tobacco products per adult aged 15+ years, -45% (2493 to 1377 cigarette equivalents); cigarettes smoked per smoker, -34% (22. 7 to 15.0 per day). Between 1985 and 1995 New Zealand reduced tobacco products consumption per adult more rapidly than any other OECD country, and reduced youth prevalence more rapidly than most. The acceleration of the decline in cigarette attributable mortality rates in men and in women age 35-69 years averted an additional 1400 deaths between 1985 and 1996. Between 1981 and 1996 smoking prevalence among blue collar workers decreased only marginally, and in 14-15 year olds, rose by one third between 1992 and 1997. CONCLUSION: In 13 years, New Zealand's tobacco control programme has been successful in almost halving tobacco products consumption, particularly by lowering consumption per smoker. With strong political support for quit campaigns, increased taxation, and the elimination of displays of tobacco products on sale, the consumption could theoretically be halved again in as little as 3-6 years.     

国家第10轮甘蔗品种区试崇左市农业科学研究所试验点结果

2014~2015年国家第10轮甘蔗品种区域试验崇左市农业科学研究所试点结果表明:11个参试品种中,闽糖02-205突出表现为高产、高糖,后期不退糖,宿根性好,新植、宿根产量稳定,2年新植1年宿根蔗茎产量、蔗糖分、含糖量平均值分别比对照种ROC22高5.7%、0.89%(绝对值)、12.09%;福农07-3206有效茎多,宿根性好,2年新植1年宿根蔗茎产量、蔗糖分、含糖量分别比对照种ROC22高1.3%、0.18%(绝对值)、2.66%;其他品种与ROC22相比较,或蔗茎产量减产或持平,或蔗糖分偏低或持平。     

Development of a strain of Hansenula polymorpha for the efficient expression of guar alpha-galactosidase.

A strain of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha, A16, has been developed that expresses the guar alpha-galactosidase gene to 22.4 mg/g dry cell weight in chemostat cultures at a dilution rate of 0.1 h(-1). This corresponds to more than 13.1% of soluble cell protein, of which 56-62% is secreted into the medium. The alpha-galactosidase gene was flanked by the promoter and terminator sequences of the H.polymorpha mox gene, which can direct expression of the mox gene itself more than 30% of total cell protein under methanol growth. The expression cassette (pUR3510) based on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmid, YEp13, was integrated into the genome. Such transformants were stable in chemostat cultures and exhibited 100% stability for both alpha-galactosidase+ and leu+ phenotypes. Chemostat cultures produced higher levels of alpha-galactosidase with higher specific productivities expressed as mg alpha-galactosidase g(-1) h(-1) compared to batch cultures.     

优良甘蔗新品系云蔗89-351

优良甘蔗新品系云蔗89—351中熟、高糖、高产稳产。该品系萌苗好，分蘖强等，蔗苗整齐健壮，前期生长一般，中后期生长较快，蔗茎粗壮直立，有效茎90000株/hm^2左右，单茎重实，蔗茎产量90—100t／hm^2、比对照种(桂糖11号)增产10％—20％以上。11月糖分为13％以上，平均甘蔗糖分14％以上，与对照相若，平均含糖量12～15t／hm^2，比对照高15％～20％。宿根性好，抗黑穗病，高抗嵌纹病，耐旱力较强，在蔗田或土层较深厚的旱地种植，增产效果显著。     

Evaluation of microspheres as surrogates for Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in filtration experiments

The size and surface characteristics of a surrogate particle and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are important in determining the ability of the particle to mimic the behavior of C. parvum oocysts in filtration and particle transport experiments. The zeta potential, hydrophobicity, and filterability of a surrogate particle, 5 microm carboxylated latex microspheres, and oocysts were compared for a variety of solution conditions. C. pervum oocysts had a slightly negative zeta potential (-1.5 to -12.5 mV) at pH 6.7 over a wide range of calcium concentration (10(-6)-10(-1) M), while the fluorescent microspheres were more negatively charged under the same conditions (-7.4 to -50.2 mV). After exposure to 5 mg of C/L of Suwanee River natural organic matter (NOM), the ; potentials of both particles became significantly more negative, with the microspheres consistently maintaining a more negative zeta potential than the oocysts. Alum was able to neutralize the negative zeta potentials of both particles when in the presence of NOM, but nearly twice the dosage was required for the microspheres. NOM also affected the hydrophobicity of the particles by increasing the hydrophobicity of the relatively hydrophilic oocysts and decreasing the hydrophobicity of the relatively hydrophobic microspheres. A bench-scale filtration system removed less microspheres (40.3 +/- 1.5%) than oocysts (49.7 +/- 2.9%) when 0.01 M CaCl2 was supplied as coagulant. After preexposure to 5 mg of C/L of NOM, the removals of both particles declined significantly, and the removals of microspheres (13.7 +/- 1.5%) and oocysts (16.3 +/- 1.5%) were similar. Finally, the removal efficiencies of microspheres and oocysts in the presence of NOM increased to 69.3 +/- 3.5% and 67.7 +/- 6.4%, respectively, when alum was supplied as coagulant at the optimum dosage needed to destabilize the oocysts. These experimental results suggest that microspheres can be used to provide a conservative estimate of oocyst removal in filters containing hydrophilic negatively charged filter media.     

Influence of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of stunted growth and obesity in prepubertal Indonesian children

This cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of stunting, overweight, and obesity in prepubertal children from different socioeconomic groups in Indonesia. Children from rural, poor urban, and nonpoor urban communities were studied (n = 3,010). The prevalences of stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity were 19.3%, 5.0%, 2.7%, and 0.8%, respectively. The odds ratios (OR) for stunting, as compared with nonpoor urban children, were higher among rural children (2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.37-3.59) than among poor urban children (1.58; 95% CI, 1.18-2.13). The prevalence of wasting was not influenced by socioeconomic status. Both rural and poor urban children were significantly less likely to be overweight than were nonpoor urban children: in comparison with nonpoor urban children, the OR values were 0.19 (95% CI, 0.10-0.36) for rural and 0.13 (95% CI, 0.04-0.43) for poor urban children. Boys were more likely to be stunted or obese than girls: OR for stunting, 1.75 (95% CI, 1.44-2.12); OR for obesity, 4.07 (95% CI, 1.40-11.8). Stunted children were less likely than non-stunted children to be overweight: OR, 0.10 (95% CI, 0.03-0.43). In Indonesia, undernutrition is still related to poverty, whereas obesity is more related to prosperity.