重碳酸盐溶液中SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-对低碳钢活化/钝化腐蚀行为的影响

在除O_2的0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3,0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3+0.1 mol/L Na_2SO_4以及0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3+0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中,用恒电位法在低碳钢电极表面制备腐蚀产物,并原位监测低碳钢的开路电位,用SEM观察腐蚀形貌,用XRD确定腐蚀产物的相组成.结果表明.在0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3溶液中,低碳钢的开路电位最终处于再钝化区间,其表面未观察到明显的腐蚀现象;在0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3+0.1 mol/L Na_2SO4溶液中,低碳钢的开路电位最终处于再活化区间,其表面发生均匀腐蚀;在0.1 mol/L NaHCO_3+0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中,低碳钢的开路电位最终亦处于再活化区间,而其表面却发生局部腐蚀,XRD结果表明,低碳钢表面的腐蚀产物主要为Fe_3O_4和α-FeOOH.     

光亮退火处理304不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性

采用稳态阳极极化曲线、恒电位开路衰减响应曲线和电化学噪声等多种电化学测试技术研究了光亮退火处理的304不锈钢在0.01-0.6mol/L NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能.研究结果表明,不锈钢的点蚀击穿电位Eb值与Cl-浓度的对数呈线性关系,在同一浓度下,光亮不锈钢的Eb值比普通不锈钢大约正400-600mV;在0.6mol/L NaCl溶液中不锈钢恒电位开路衰减及电流噪声的测量结果也表明,光亮退火处理使不锈钢在NaCl溶液中钝化膜的稳定性明显改善,耐点蚀能力显著提高.     

304L不锈钢晶间腐蚀的临界电位

敏化态304L不锈钢在0.5mol/LH2SO4+10(-3)mol/LCH3CSNH2溶液中晶间腐蚀存在两个敏感电位区间,一个是活化-钝化过渡电位区,另一个敏感电位区间的晶间腐蚀的临界电位值是1040mV(SCE),高于这个电位值,材料对晶间腐蚀敏感.用恒电位法可以评价材料晶间腐蚀的倾向,恒电位实验法测量的电流和电流-时间曲线的斜率越大,材料的晶间腐蚀倾向越大.     

304不锈钢晶间腐蚀过程中的电化学阻抗谱特征

用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)方法研究了固溶态、敏化态304不锈钢在0.5mol/L H2SO4+0.01mol/L KSCN溶液中的阻抗谱特征.研究表明,不锈钢在不同极化电位下的阻抗谱呈现活性溶解、活化－钝化、钝化及再活化的特征.达到再活化之前,固溶态和敏化态的不锈钢在0.5mol/L H2SO4+0.01mol/L KSCN溶液中呈现相同的EIS特征;而在再活化区,钝化膜局部溶解,EIS图有两个容抗弧,低频容抗弧延伸到第二象限,呈现负电阻特征,低频下敏化态比固溶态不锈钢阻抗模值小一个数量级.     

Ni/Cu定向结构涂层在不同浓度H2SO4中的耐蚀性能

为了研究Cu元素对Ni基合金定向结构涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响,向Ni60合金粉末中添加了5%Cu(质量分数,下同),制备了定向结构Ni60/Cu复合涂层。采用电化学试验和浸泡试验,评估了涂层在不同浓度H₂SO₄溶液中的电化学腐蚀特性和浸泡腐蚀性能,探讨了涂层在不同浓度H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,涂层在不同浓度H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀均表现为活化-钝化-过钝化的过程,电化学阻抗谱在整个时间常数内具有典型的容抗特征,H₂SO₄溶液浓度从5%增至80%时,电荷转移电阻先减小后增大,涂层的耐腐蚀性呈现先降低后升高的趋势。随着H₂SO₄溶液浓度的增加,涂层表面的腐蚀程度先加剧后逐渐减缓,且在H₂SO₄溶液浓度为40%时,腐蚀电位移至最负,腐蚀电流密度增至最大。但在H₂SO₄溶液浓度达到80...     

钼酸钠和三乙醇胺对Q235碳钢小孔腐蚀的抑制作用

通过动电位扫描,微区电位扫描,电化学阻抗谱及XPS等技术,考察了Na₂MoO₄和三乙醇胺 (TEA) 复配缓蚀剂对Q235碳钢孔蚀的抑制作用。结果表明：Q235碳钢在0.02 mol/L NaCl+0.1 mol/L NaHCO₃溶液中,适量的Na₂MoO₄与TEA复配对其孔蚀的抑制作用要优于单独使用Na₂MoO₄对孔蚀的抑制效果。在外加恒电位为0.3 V时,在实验溶液中碳钢表面有活性点被激活,Na₂MoO₄+TEA复配缓蚀剂能够明显抑制表面活性点的生成,并且能使形成的活性点的电位峰值迅速降低,抑制其向腐蚀小孔的转化。在加有Na₂MoO₄+TEA复配缓蚀剂的实验溶液中形成的缓蚀膜主要成分为Fe₂(MoO₄)₃,Fe₂O₃和TEA,三乙醇胺的吸附可以改善钼酸盐缓蚀膜的致密性,进一步提高缓蚀性能。     

添加剂硫脲对铝阳极电化学行为的影响

为了提高铝的耐蚀性以及活化性能,用线性扫描伏安法、交流阻抗、恒电流放电等方法,研究了在4 mol/L的KOH溶液中,添加剂硫脲对铝阳极(w(Al)=99.999%)电化学性能的影响,结果表明:当硫脲质量分数为3%时,铝阳极具有较好的活化和缓蚀性能.铝的缓蚀率达48.7%,且开路电位Eocp负移出现最大值达-1.74 V.在-1.2 V下,铝的电流密度高达122.6 mA/cm2,比在4 mol/L的KOH中要大102.5 mA/cm2.     

Ti基块体非晶合金在酸性溶液中的腐蚀行为（英文）

研究Ti_34.3Zr_31.5Cu₅Ni_5.5Be_23.7块体非晶合金在不同浓度HCl和H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀行为。电化学测试与扫描电子显微镜分析发现,在极化过程中,Cl^-离子在HCl溶液中引发点蚀损伤,点蚀电位随溶液浓度的增大而降低,被腐蚀表面的损伤程度则与溶液浓度呈正相关。在H₂SO₄溶液中材料表面形成钝化膜,表现出良好的耐蚀性。X射线光电子能谱分析发现,随着HCl溶液浓度的增加,钝化膜的稳定性降低。通过浸泡实验得到4种材料的腐蚀速率。结果显示,Ti_34.3Zr_31.5Cu₅Ni_5.5Be_23.7块体非晶合金在HCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能最好,其腐蚀速率为7.22×10^-3 mm/a,约为316L不锈钢腐蚀速率的1/1294。     

单相和双相不锈钢纳米涂层的电化学腐蚀行为

用磁控溅射技术在玻璃基体上制备由两种相组成(单相和双相)的不锈钢纳米涂层,利用动电位极化､交流阻抗技术及扫描电子显微镜研究两种不锈钢纳米涂层在0.25 mol/L Na2SO4 + 0.05 mol/L H2SO4 和 0.5 mol/L NaCl + 0.05 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为,观察相组成对纳米不锈钢涂层耐蚀性能的影响｡结果表明,与不锈钢单相涂层相比,不锈钢双相纳米涂层具有较差的抗局部腐蚀能力,其钝化膜的载流子密度远远大于不锈钢单相钝化膜的载流子密度,使得钝化膜的离子传输能力大大增强,从而降低了钝化膜的稳定性｡     

溶解氧对X70管线钢在高pH值溶液中的电化学行为和SCC敏感性的影响

采用动电位极化、恒电位极化曲线测试法研究了X70管线钢在0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中的电化学行为,分析了供氧状况和扫描速度等因素对极化曲线的影响。采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了X70管线钢在不同供氧状况的溶液中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,X70管线钢在通高纯氮气和不通气溶液中的动电位极化曲线形状相似,但是在通压缩空气的溶液中的动电位极化曲线出现三个零电流电位,分别位于活化区、活化-钝化过渡区和钝化区;不同供氧状况下SCC敏感电位范围不同。     

Einfluß sulfatreduzierender Bakterien auf den kathodischen Korrosionsschutz

Influence of sulfate-reducing bacteria on cathodic protection Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are frequently encountered at coating defects of cathodically protected pipes buried in soil. In laboratory experiments the corrosion behaviour of steel St 37 was studied at potentials in the range of ?0.5 V > U_Cu/CuSo4 > ?1.27 V and at the open circuit potential in the presence of a mixed culture containing SRB. For simulation of real conditions the experiments were performed on steel samples in sand columns through which a glucose-containing mineral salts solution was continuously pumped. On the basis of the corrosion rates determined an immediate corrosion risk was not evident for a homogeneous mixed electrode even at the open circuit potential. There was only an increase in protective current demand compared to sterile conditions. Hydrogen permeation through the low-alloy steel was slightly higher in the presence of SRB-containing mixed cultures than under sterile and H₂S-free conditions. The observed permeation current densities indicated that at potentials of U_Cu/CuSo4 < ?0.85 V hydrogen-induced corrosion damage was not to be expected under sulfate-reducing conditions.     

煤油流量对HVOF铁基非晶涂层组织与性能的影响

以工业原材料制备的FeCoCrMoCBY非晶粉末为喷涂材料,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)制备铁基非晶合金涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、维氏显微硬度计等测试方法,探讨煤油流量对涂层显微组织、微观结构及显微硬度的影响,并分析涂层与316 L不锈钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的动态极化特征。结果表明:涂层与基体结合良好,呈现典型的层状结构,非晶含量高,表现出比316 L不锈钢更高的耐腐蚀性能。其它参数一定时,煤油流量越高,涂层致密度越高,非晶含量先增多后减少,显微硬度先增大后减小;当氧气流量为50 m~3/L,煤油流量为26 L/h时,涂层非晶含量最高,为99.4%,孔隙率为1.51%,自腐蚀电流密度低,为5.62×10~(-6) A/cm~2,自腐蚀电位为-0.36 V,耐腐蚀性能表现最佳。     

High-velocity oxyfuel Cr<Subscript>3</Subscript>C<Subscript>2</Subscript>-NiCr replacing hard chromium coatings

Comparative wear and corrosion properties of Cr₃C₂-NiCr (CC-TS) (a high-velocity oxyfuel [HVOF]) and hard chromium (HC) coatings obtained on a steel substrate have been studied. The structural characterization was done before and after measurements by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning white light interferometry. Wear and corrosion properties were evaluated by ball on disk (ASTM G99-90), rubber wheel (ASTM G65-91), and electrochemical measurements of open circuit and polarization curves. The best corrosion and wear resistance was for the CC-TS obtained by HVOF. The open-circuit potential values measured for both samples after 18 h of immersion were: −0.240 and −0.550 V, respectively, for CC-TS and HC, versus Ag/AgCl,KCl_sat. Three orders of magnitude lower volume loss were found for CC-TS (HVOF) after friction tests compared with HC.     

The effect of absorbed hydrogen on the corrosion behavior of sintered NdFeB magnet

The absorption of hydrogen by NdFeB magnet has been investigated by using the electrochemical charging technique at constant cathodic current density I_c ranging from 0 to 4 mA/cm². Open circuit potential measurements (OCP) and polarization curves were carried out to study the corrosion behavior of the charged NdFeB magnet in 0.01 mol/L NaCl solution. The results showed that hydrogen had a strong influence on the corrosion of NdFeB magnet. The open circuit potential became gradually negative due to the hydrogen incorporation into the NdFeB magnet. The corrosion resistance was reduced gradually with the increasing cathodic current density I_c. The surface structure and the morphology of the charged NdFeB magnet were examined by XRD and SEM. The results revealed that the effect of the absorbed hydrogen focused mostly on accelerating the exfoliation corrosion of Nd₂Fe₁₄B matrix grain.     

CO32--HCO3-溶液中X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂分析

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察研究了国产X80管线钢焊接接头在 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3 溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性.结果表明,拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区.在所研究的电位区间,拉伸试样随着外加电位正向增加,断面收缩率、断裂时间和断后伸长率增加,而断口部位的裂纹平均扩展速率减小,SCC敏感性降低.试样断口形貌在阴极电位条件下呈准解理断裂,在自腐蚀电位和阳极电位条件下,焊缝试样断口主要是韧性断裂.应力腐蚀机理可以用阳极溶解理论和氢致破裂来解释.     

The corrosion behaviour of WC-VC-Co hardmetals in acidic media

The effect of increasing vanadium carbide (VC) content on the corrosion behaviour of tungsten carbide - 10 wt% cobalt hardmetals was investigated in 1 M hydrochloric (HCl), and sulphuric (H₂SO₄) acids solutions. Increasing VC content makes the open circuit potential (OCP) in the test solutions more negative than the base alloy. Specimens exhibited pseudo passivation in all the test solutions. Increasing VC led to decreasing corrosion current density. However, the corrosion current densities during chronoamperometric tests were lower for 0 wt% VC. XRD and Raman spectroscopy showed that hydrated WO₃ formed in the surface films of all specimens in hydrochloric acid (HCl), while hydrated vanadyl sulphate also formed for higher VC content specimens in sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄).     

Corrosion and passivation mechanism of chromium diboride coatings on stainless steel

The corrosion resistance of fully crystalline CrB₂ coatings magnetron sputtered onto AISI 316L stainless steel was tested in acidic solutions. CrB₂ coatings showed excellent corrosion protection, but suffered a breakdown when an anodic potential of greater than about +1 V (SHE) was applied to the surface in a 1 M HCl electrolyte. The coating failure at high potentials is attributed to transpassive dissolution of the coating at volume defects, enabling the electrolyte to reach the underlying 316L substrate, resulting in its rapid corrosion and subsequent fracturing of the coating. Electrochemical data and potential-pH (Pourbaix) diagrams, constructed from thermodynamic data, indicate that the corrosion resistance of CrB₂ is due to the formation of a Cr(III) oxide passive film in the absence of activation corrosion.     

Corrosion behaviour of hot-pressed austenitic stainless steel in H2SO4 solutions at room temperature

The corrosion behavior of hot-pressed stainless steel (HPSS) of Type 316 was investigated. Samples of HPSS with porosity of 10–30% were prepared. The influence of the porosity factor on corrosion behaviour was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential, identification of corrosion products by EDAX and SEM observation.It was found that porosity of the HPSS is the main factor affecting corrosion resistance. High porosity results in low corrosion resistance. The open circuit potential of the HPSS is about ? 200 mV (VSCE) as compared to 200 mV for the wrought 316 stainless steel. The potentiodynamic measurements indicate that cathodic concentration polarization is achieved at a relatively low current density and secondary active-passive transition is observed at a relatively high current density in HPSS as compared to wrought 316 stainless steel.It is suggested that the main mechanism affecting the low corrosion resistance of HPSS in H₂SO₄ is the evolution of hydrogen concentration cells due to electrolytic stagnation in the interconnected open pores. As a result the surfaces of the interconnected open pores act as an active anode and the engineering sample surface acts as an active cathode.     

The effect of oxygen on the open-circuit passivity of Fe18Cr

Electrochemical studies were conducted to determine the critical amount of oxygen necessary to prevent corrosion by maintaining the open-circuit passivity of Fe18Cr samples initially passivated at 0.6 V(NHE) in 1N H₂SO₄ solutions. Samples passivated at 0.6 V(NHE) and then released to open circuit in O₂-saturated (29.4 ppm O₂ dissolved) solution maintained a state of passivity. Samples passivated and released to open circuit in N₂-purged solution decayed to a state of active corrosion in 800–2000 min. A passive state, however, could be maintained if O₂ were added to the N₂ flow so that a minimum of 1.7 ppm O₂ was present in solution. Furthermore, this critical amount of O₂ had to be added before open-circuit decay reached 0.45 V(NHE). Auger electron spectroscopy measurements indicated that following open-circuit stabilization of passivity by O₂ the percentage chromium in the film increased with increasing open-circuit potential. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy measurements indicated that the film thickness decreased with increasing open-circuit potential.     

Primary investigation of corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO2 composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet

In this paper, an electroless nickel plating and sol-gel combined technique used to prepare the Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is described and the composite film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO₂ film was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The self-corrosion current density (i_corr) of Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film is 2.38μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ solution about 33% of that of Ni-P coating and 0.22μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L NaCl solution about 14% of that of Ni-P coating, respectively. In 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ and 0.5mol/L NaCl solutions, the polarization resistance (Rp) of the composite film is 12.5kΩ cm² and 120kΩ cm², about 1.6 and 2 times that of Ni-P coating, respectively. The results indicate that Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film has a better corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating.