A discrete adaptive induction position servo drive

A discrete adaptive induction position servo is designed and implemented. In the proposed servo system, the dynamic model of the indirect field-oriented induction motor is estimated from measurements using the stochastic approach. Based on this model, a PI speed controller and a P position controller are designed using pole-placement and root-locus techniques. In order to reduce the effects of machine and load parameter variations on the performance of the indirect field-oriented induction motor servo drive, an adaptive controller is augmented in which a reduced reference model, which defines the desired following control performance, is chosen and the adaptive control signal is synthesized. The proposed adaptive controller has the advantages of being easy to design and implement. Simulation and experimental results show that good following and regulating control performances are achieved. Moreover, the performances are rather insensitive to parameter variations     

A generalized computer-aided formulation for the dynamic and steadystate analysis of induction machine inverter drive systems

A generalized formulation for the computer-aided analysis of induction machine drives including feedback controls is presented. A simple circuit model for the induction machine is developed to enhance the conventional drive formulation. This model eliminates a general difficulty encountered in the automatic formulation of machine dq -terminal constraints imposed by the drive operations. An efficient algorithm is proposed using a simple nodal approach for automatic formulation of power electronic circuits. This algorithm, combined with the proposed machine circuit model, can easily be used to simulate an arbitrarily configured drive system including the effects of control dynamics. A pulse-width-modulated current-source-inverter drive system is employed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed formulation. The dynamic and steady-state performance of this drive system including an effective harmonic control are simulated. The simulated results are experimentally verified     

镗床数控与电气系统的技术改造

本文阐述了数控与电器控制系统在卧式镗铣床技术改造中应用的具体设计思想和实现的方法。介绍了SINUMERIN 810C数控系统对直流伺服电机变速驱动系统控制所实现的宽的调速范围、高的稳定精度、快的动态响应及在四象限内运动等良好的技术特性；描述了该机床CNC控制的结构特点。     

Performance improvement of a slip energy recovery drive system by a voltage-controlled technique

This paper introduces the performance improvement of a slip energy recovery drive system for the speed control of a wound rotor induction motor by a voltage-controlled technique. The slip energy occurred in the rotor circuit is transferred back to ac mains supply through a reactor instead of a step up transformer. The objective of the voltage-controlled technique is to increase power factor of the system and to reduce low order harmonics of the input line current. The drive system is designed and implemented using a voltage source inverter in conjunction with a boost chopper for DC link voltage, instead of a conventional drive using a 6 pulse converter or a Scherbius system. The slip power is recovered by the help of a voltage source inverter (VSI) based on a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique. In order to keep the speed of the wound rotor induction motor constant over a certain range of operating conditions, the servo state feedback controller designed by a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is also introduced in this paper. The overall control system is implemented on DSP, DS1104’TMS320F240 controller board. The performance improvement of the proposed system is tested in comparison with the conventional Scherbius system and the modified conventional Scherbius system by a 12 pulse converter in conjunction with a chopper at steady state and at dynamic conditions. A 220 W wound motor is employed for testing. It is found that the motor speed can be controlled to be constant in the operating range of 450–1200 rpm at no load and full load. It is also found that the efficiency of the proposed system is remarkably increased since the harmonics of the input ac line current is reduced while the ac line input power factor is increased.     

Modeling of line side harmonic currents produced by variable speedinduction motor drives

An analysis method to model and calculate the line side harmonic currents produced by variable speed induction motor drives is proposed. An accurate analytical investigation of the line currents in the presence of a power conversion system with a load represented by a PWM inverter feeding an induction motor is carried out. With the obtained mathematical results it is possible to reproduce the distorted current waveforms injected by the whole drive system in the grid. Finally the simulation results are compared with the real harmonic distortion generated by a variable speed drive     

An improved energy saving v/f control technique for solar powered single-phase induction motor

With the increased energy demand and fast decaying of fossil fuels, renewable energy has remarkably gained importance in recent years. Hence a novel speed control method for wide speed operation of single-phase induction motor utilizing the non-conventional energy such as solar power is proposed in this paper. The proposed speed control method consists of two-stages of power conversion; the DC–DC boost converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) forms the first stage and the second stage is made up of parallel connected inverter fed single-phase induction motor load. Wide speed operation with proposed method is accomplished by volt/hertz (v/f) control technique. The performance characteristics of the motor load with the proposed method are determined for different operating conditions. The results obtained are compared with existing method of speed control. Simulated and experimental results are substantiated to validate the superiority of the proposed system. Significant energy saving together with better efficiency is achieved.     

Speed control of a PV powered DC motor driving a self-excited3-phase induction generator for maximum utilization efficiency

Photovoltaic (PV) powered DC motors driving dedicated loads (e.g. water pumps) are increasingly used in the remote rural areas of many developing countries. The key to their success is simplicity (direct coupling, no DC-AC conversion, no storage batteries, etc.). Because of the relatively high cost of the PV array, the system designer is interested in maximizing its utilization efficiency. A PV powered DC motor can also be used to drive a three-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG). This arrangement is useful as part of an integrated renewable energy system (IRES), which takes advantage of the inherent diversity of wind and solar energy in most developing countries to improve power quality. The SEIG is driven by a wind-turbine, DC motor, or both. Another advantage of this arrangement is its versatile control characteristics through the DC motor control. This paper describes a technique to maximize the utilization efficiency of the PV array by controlling the field current of the DC motor through a DC chopper     

A method of tracking the peak power points for a variable speed wind energy conversion system

In this paper, a method of tracking the peak power in a wind energy conversion system (WECS) is proposed, which is independent of the turbine parameters and air density. The algorithm searches for the peak power by varying the speed in the desired direction. The generator is operated in the speed control mode with the speed reference being dynamically modified in accordance with the magnitude and direction of change of active power. The peak power points in the P-/spl omega/ curve correspond to dP/d/spl omega/=0. This fact is made use of in the optimum point search algorithm. The generator considered is a wound rotor induction machine whose stator is connected directly to the grid and the rotor is fed through back-to-back pulse-width-modulation (PWM) converters. Stator flux-oriented vector control is applied to control the active and reactive current loops independently. The turbine characteristics are generated by a DC motor fed from a commercial DC drive. All of the control loops are executed by a single-chip digital signal processor (DSP) controller TMS320F240. Experimental results show that the performance of the control algorithm compares well with the conventional torque control method.     

Apparatus for supplying an isolated DC load from a variable-speedself-excited induction generator

This paper describes the design and laboratory testing of novel generation apparatus for supplying an isolated DC load from a self-excited induction generator operable at variable speed. The variable-speed generating apparatus consists of a self-excited induction machine, a controlled Graetz bridge rectifier, a voltage-boost power converter, and a control system. The induction generator supplies the rectifier. The voltage-boost power converter interfaces the variable output voltage of the rectifier to the fixed DC voltage required for the load. The rectifier is operated at levels of average DC current and voltage which control machine voltage to the rated AC voltage and which also draw the necessary power to supply the DC load. Performance is enhanced with respect to earlier apparatus in that both the DC voltage supplied to the load and the AC voltage on the machine are simultaneously controlled to fixed reference levels over broad operating ranges of load and speed     

Power factor correction of induction motors using PWM inverter fedauxiliary stator winding

A scheme for power factor correction of an induction machine by using an auxiliary stator winding in conjunction with a PWM voltage inverter and a capacitor on the DC side of the inverter is described in this paper. The operating principle of the proposed scheme is explained and a criterion is developed to select the optimum value of the power factor at which the scheme gives best performance. Simulation and experimental studies show that the harmonic components in the PWM output voltage can be reduced to obtain nearly sinusoidal current     

Improvement of induction motor drive systems supplied byphotovoltaic arrays with frequency control

The overall efficiency of an induction motor drive system, powered by a PV array, drops significantly when the insolation condition varies away from its nominal level. This problem can be overcame using a control method in which the frequency of the inverter's PWM control signal is adjusted according to the insolation and temperature conditions. The motor speed, and therefore, the power delivered to the load, are adjusted by controlling the inverter's frequency. This eliminates the mismatch between the maximum power that is available from the source and the power that is required by the load. Simulation results presented in this paper show that using the proposed control system allows the induction motor drive system to maintain its optimum efficiency and deliver consistently more power to the load when insolation and temperature vary from the nominal level. This method also offers an improvement in the system stability     

Dynamic model of an integral-cycle controlled single-phaseinduction machine

A dynamic machine model of an integral-cycle-controlled single-phase induction motor is derived by properly choosing a stationary d-q reference frame. The approach highlights the mode transition which occurs in the integral-cycle operation. By utilizing the model it is revealed that two types of capacitor connection to the machine windings are equivalent, and that the integral-cycle controlled single-phase induction machine switches its operation between two distinct modes. A comparison of simulated to test results indicates that with the integral-cycle control, a complicated motor behavior may occur due to the irregular current waveform in its operation     

Comparison of a synergetic battery pack drive system to a pulsewidth modulated AC induction motor drive for an electric vehicle

A new battery configuration technique and accompanying control circuitry, termed a synergetic battery pack (SBP), is designed to work with lithium batteries, and can be used as both an inverter for an electric vehicle AC induction motor drive and as a battery charger. In this paper, the performance of a synergetic battery pack during motor drive operation is compared via computer simulation with a conventional motor drive which uses sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) to determine its effectiveness as a motor drive. The study showed that the drive efficiency was compatible with the conventional system, and offered a significant advantage in the lower frequency operating ranges. The voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) of the SBP was significantly lower than the PWM drive output, but the current THD was slightly higher due to the shape of the harmonic spectrum. In conclusion, the SBP is an effective alternative to a conventional drive, but the real advantage lies in its battery management capabilities and charger operation     

Evaluation and reduction of harmonic distortion caused by solidstate voltage controllers of induction motors

The harmonic distortion caused by a solid state AC voltage controller of an induction motor drive is evaluated. A conventional shunt harmonic filter (SHF) for harmonic reduction for a group of such drives is compared with a harmonic blocking compensator (HBC). It is shown that the HBC is more efficient in harmonic reduction than the SHF, especially, with distorted supply voltage. Moreover, the designer has more control over the HBC than the SHF performance. The HBC, however, has a higher power rating than the SHF     

A novel power splitting drive train for variable speed wind power generators

In this paper a novel electrically controlled power splitting drive train for variable speed wind turbines is presented. A variable speed wind turbine has many advantages, mainly it can increase the power yield from the wind, alleviate the load peak in the electrical-mechanical drive train, and posses a long life time, also, it can offer the possibility to store the briefly timely wind-conditioned power fluctuations in the wind rotor, in which the rotary masses are used as storages of kinetic energy, consequently, the variable speed wind turbines are utilized in the wind power industry widely. In this work, on the basis of a planetary transmission a new kind of drive train for the variable speed wind turbines is proposed. The new drive train consists of wind rotor, three-shafted planetary gear set, generator and servo motor. The wind rotor is coupled with the planet carrier of the planetary transmission, the generator is connected with the ring gear through an adjustment gear pair, and the servo motor is fixed to the sun gear. By controlling the electromagnetic torque or speed of the servo motor, the variable speed operation of the wind rotor and the constant speed operation of the generator are realized, therefore, the generator can be coupled with the grid directly. At the nominal operation point, about 80% of the rotor power flow through the generator directly and 20% through the servo motor and a small power electronics system into the grid. As a result, the disadvantages in the traditional wind turbines, e.g. high price of power electronics system, much power loss, strong reaction from the grid and large crash load in the drive train will be avoided.     

Harmonic losses of single-phase induction motors undernonsinusoidal voltages

Parameters of a capacitor-start, capacitor-run single-phase induction motor with closed or semi-closed rotor slots are measured and a model for the investigation of the performance of the machine in the frequency domain under the influence of harmonic voltages is presented. An algorithm, taking into account the nonlinear rotor leakage inductance, is established. This algorithm is applied to estimate the current in the time domain, and the harmonic losses at rated-load operation without and with run capacitors are calculated. Computational results are compared with those from experimentation and the differences between both are discussed     

A new synthetic loading for large induction machines with no feedback into the power system

Full-load testing of large induction machines is constrained by the limitations in the power-supply and loading equipment of the manufacturer's facilities, resulting in costly set up time. A new synthetic loading method is proposed based on a bang-bang phase control strategy. The rated power oscillation created is routed to an auxiliary system and the source hydro has to provide only the total losses of the system, without seeing the excessive power swings observed in other synthetic loading techniques. In this technique, only induction machines are used which would enable motor manufacturers to build the test rig in-house. The control stage is very simple to implement and requires only unregulated DC supplies for the excitation windings. The method is suitable for any induction machine and does not requires any set up time. It is possible to strictly maintain constant DEFINE RMS voltage and current at rated values for the duration of the heat runs.     

Improving voltage harmonic compensation of a single phase inverted-based PEM fuel cell for stand-alone applications

Fuel cell (FC) is an efficient energy conversion technology that is growing rapidly and will have a significant role to play in a number of energy end-use sectors, from small-scale applications to large-scale power plants. In this paper, two new methods for voltage harmonic compensation of a stand-alone single phase inverted-based FC are presented and evaluated. The stand-alone power system under study consists of: 1) Proton-Exchange-Membrane (PEM) FC with unidirectional DC/DC converter, which converts the DC voltage delivered by the FC to the DC bus voltage; 2) single-phase pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter; 3) transformer; 4) passive filter; and 5) linear and non-linear loads. The dynamic model of this system and the non-sinusoidal output-based controls applied to the PWM inverter for voltage regulation and harmonic compensation are detailed in this paper, and evaluated by simulation under different linear and non-linear loads. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the two purposed methods for voltage harmonic compensation to acceptable levels defined in grid codes.     

Power quality investigation of a solar PV transformer-less grid-connected system fed DVR

This paper presents a single stage transformer-less grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with an active and reactive power control. In the absence of active input power, the grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) is operated in a reactive power generation mode, which powers the control circuitry, and maintains a regulated DC voltage to the VSC. A data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme which performs power quality control at a maximum power by reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid injected current as per IEEE-519/1547 standards is implemented. A proportional-integral (PI) controller based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) control scheme is implemented which controls the grid side converter during single-phase to ground fault. The analysis includes the grid current THD along with the corresponding variation of the active and reactive power during the fault condition. The MPPT tracks the actual variable DC link voltage while deriving the maximum power from the solar PV array, and maintains the DC link voltage constant by changing the modulation index of the VSC. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and validations of the proposed novel MPPT and DVR control systems under different environmental conditions.