共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Environments significantly influence the sensation of pedestrians, while sensing and navigation technologies can help people improve their trip comfort. In this paper, we present an integrated framework, named NaviComf, which constructs pedestrian navigation systems to improve comfort in time varying environments taking into account the heterogeneous environmental factors. With NaviComf we aim to systematically provide solutions to the four key issues: (1) how to organize the huge amount of sensor data, (2) how to forecast future environmental information, (3) how to incorporate the heterogeneous environmental factors, and (4) how to select optimal paths in time varying environments. We have gathered sensor data of air temperature, relative humidity, and pedestrian congestion in real environments. We have also implemented a prototype system on the basis of the framework using the sensor data. Results of simulations and evaluations show that NaviComf can efficiently provide more comfortable paths as compared with the traditional navigation method. 相似文献
2.
Architectural and urban planning applications require animations of people to present an accurate and compelling view of a new environment. Ideally, these animations would be easy for a non-programmer to construct, just as buildings and streets can be modeled by an architect or artist using commercial modeling software. In this paper, we explore an approach for generating reactive path following based on the users examples of the desired behavior. The examples are used to build a model of the desired reactive behavior. The model is combined with reactive control methods to produce natural 2D pedestrian trajectories. The system then automatically generates 3D pedestrian locomotion using a motion-graph approach. We discuss the accuracy of the learned model of pedestrian motion and show that simple direction primitives can be recorded and used to build natural, reactive, path-following behaviors. 相似文献
3.
在行人惯性导航中,零速检测是实现速度误差清零和导航误差估计的前提,有着重要的作用.针对行人运动过程中零速区间时间间隔短难以检测的问题,提出了一种基于人体脚部运动特征的零速检测算法,将步行运动抽象成了一个包含4个隐含状态与15个观测量的隐马尔可夫模型,并阐述了模型构建机理.利用Baum-Welch算法训练和优化模型参数,提高了检测准确率.实验结果表明:所提出的方法零速检测效果较好,且采用该方法的行人惯性导航系统,其定位误差约为行进距离的0.73%,定位精度较高. 相似文献
4.
Haptics is a feedback technology that takes advantage of the human sense of touch by applying forces, vibrations, and/or motions to a haptic-enabled user device such as a mobile phone. Historically, human–computer interaction has been visual, data, or images on a screen. Haptic feedback can be an important modality in Mobile Location-Based Services like – knowledge discovery, pedestrian navigation and notification systems. In this paper we describe a methodology for the implementation of haptics in four distinct prototypes for pedestrian navigation. Prototypes are classified based on the user’s navigation guidance requirements, the user type (based on spatial skills), and overall system complexity. Here haptics is used to convey location, orientation, and distance information to users using pedestrian navigation applications. Initial user trials have elicited positive responses from the users who see benefit in being provided with a “heads up” approach to mobile navigation. We also tested the spatial ability of the user to navigate using haptics and landmark images based navigation. This was followed by a test of memory recall about the area. Users were able to successfully navigate from a given origin to a Destination Point without the use of a visual interface like a map. Results show the users of haptic feedback for navigation prepared better maps (better memory recall) of the region as compared to the users of landmark images based navigation. 相似文献
5.
The implementation of a set of visually based behaviors for navigation is presented. The approach, which has been inspired by insect's behaviors, is aimed at building a “library” of embedded visually guided behaviors coping with the most common situations encountered during navigation in an indoor environment. Following this approach, the main goal is no longer how to characterize the environment, but how to embed in each behavior the perceptual processes necessary to understand the aspects of the environment required to generate a purposeful motor output. The approach relies on the purposive definition of the task to be solved by each of the behaviors and it is based on the possibility of computing visual information during the action. All the implemented behaviors share the same input process (partial information of the image flow field) and the same control variables (heading direction and velocity) to demonstrate both the generality of the approach as well as its efficient use of the computational resources. The controlled mobile base is supposed to move on a flat surface but virtually no calibration is required of the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the two cameras and no attempt is made at building a 2D or 3D map of the environment: the only output of the perceptual processes is a motor command. The first behavior, the centering reflex allows a robot to be easily controlled to navigate along corridors or following walls of a given scene structure. The second behavior extends the system capabilities to the detection of obstacles lying on the pavement in front of the mobile robot. Finally docking behaviors to control the robot to a given position in the environment, with controlled speed and orientation, are presented. Besides the long-term goal of building a completely autonomous system, these behaviors can have very short-term applications in the area of semi-autonomous systems by taking care of the continuous, tedious control required during routine navigation. 相似文献
6.
将GPS/DR组合导航技术应用到行人导航系统中。利用加速度计对行人步态进行判别,将神经网络用于行人步幅信息的标定。同时利用电子罗盘实现方位角的测量,并结合加速度计信息进行倾斜角度的误差补偿。现场测试结果表明,本文提出的DR参数估计方法不但提高参数估计的精度,而且能够满足行人导航定位的要求。 相似文献
7.
根据行人运动建模及仿真发展历史以及已经提出的一些模型和算法,从宏观和微观两个层面对行人运动建模策略进行系统分析,包括宏观建模策略:行人动力学模型、空间交互/熵最大化模型以及微观建模策略:元胞自动机模型、磁力场模型、社会力模型、智能体模型、空间句法模型、马尔可夫模型.在建模策略分析基础上,重点研究了Legion,PAXPORT,NOMAD,STEPS以及BuildingEXODUS五种主流行人仿真系统,总结了各系统的建模思想、核心模型及优缺点.指出了未来行人系统建模及仿真的研究趋势. 相似文献
8.
Fusion of laser and vision in object detection has been accomplished by two main approaches: (1) independent integration of sensor-driven features or sensor-driven classifiers, or (2) a region of interest (ROI) is found by laser segmentation and an image classifier is used to name the projected ROI. Here, we propose a novel fusion approach based on semantic information, and embodied on many levels. Sensor fusion is based on spatial relationship of parts-based classifiers, being performed via a Markov logic network. The proposed system deals with partial segments, it is able to recover depth information even if the laser fails, and the integration is modeled through contextual information—characteristics not found on previous approaches. Experiments in pedestrian detection demonstrate the effectiveness of our method over data sets gathered in urban scenarios. 相似文献
9.
Large environments that are designed for travel, leisure, and for everyday life – such as transport hubs, amusement parks, and shopping centers – feature different locations that are frequently visited by pedestrians. Each visit is evoked by one’s motivation to engage in some kind of activity at a certain location. By means of modeling the pedestrians’ interests in locations with the aid of computer simulations, it is possible to forecast the occupancy at locations by utilizing sophisticated pedestrian destination choice models. In the field of pedestrian dynamics research, location preference modeling is not common, but it is all the more rare to include a psychological grounding into such choice models. Here we show that our psychologically inspired and mathematically defined model to describe pedestrians’ interests in locations is able to improve the exactness of pedestrian destination choice models. The interest function model is based on the psychological concept of goal-related memory accessibility and on fundamental coherences found in pedestrian-related data that is measurable at locations. We validated the interest function model and our results provide evidence that our approach improves the simulation fidelity regarding occupancy forecasting. Because the interest concept is designed as a framework that can be coupled to existing microscopic pedestrian simulators, it can be used in most pedestrian destination choice models to describe pedestrian visiting preferences. Consequently, the reliability of the occupancy predictions of pedestrian simulations can be enhanced by integrating the interest function model into choices models. 相似文献
10.
Support vector machine (SVM) has become a dominant classification technique used in pedestrian detection systems. In such systems, classifiers are used to detect pedestrians in some input frames. The performance of a SVM classifier is mainly influenced by two factors: the selected features and the parameters of the kernel function. These two factors are highly related and therefore, it is desirable that the two factors can be analyzed simultaneously, which are usually not the case in the previous work.In this paper, we propose an evolutionary method to simultaneously optimize the feature set and the parameters for the SVM classifier. Specifically, adaptive genetic operators were designed to be suitable for the feature selection and parameter tuning. The proposed method is used to train a SVM classifier for pedestrian detection. Experiments in real city traffic scenes show that the proposed approach leads to higher detection accuracy and shorter detection time. 相似文献
11.
针对某船载导航系统精度和容错性能不能满足应用要求的问题,提出了一种基于信息融合技术的容错组合导航系统方案。研究了该组合导航系统的滤波算法,通过半物理仿真实验研究了该导航系统的性能。结果表明:所设计的组合导航系统可提供高精度的导航信息,提高导航系统综合性能。 相似文献
12.
In this paper, a rapid adaptive pedestrian detection method based on cascade classifier with ternary pattern is proposed. The proposed method achieves its goal by employing the following three new strategies: (1) A method for adjusting the key parameters of the trained cascade classifier dynamically for detecting pedestrians in unseen scenes using only a small amount of labeled data from the new scenes. (2) An efficient optimization method is proposed, based on the cross entropy method and a priori knowledge of the scenes, to solve the classifier parameter optimization problem. (3) In order to further speed up pedestrian detection in unseen scenes, each strong classifier in the cascade employs a ternary detection pattern. In our experiments, two significantly different datasets, AHHF and NICTA, were used as the training set and testing set, respectively. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can quickly adapt a previously trained detector for pedestrian detection in various scenes compared with other existing methods. 相似文献
13.
Reliable pedestrian detection is of great importance in visual surveillance. In this paper, we propose a novel multiplex classifier model, which is composed of two multiplex cascades parts: Haar-like cascade classifier and shapelet cascade classifier. The Haar-like cascade classifier filters out most of irrelevant image background, while the shapelet cascade classifier detects intensively head-shoulder features. The weighted linear regression model is introduced to train its weak classifiers. We also introduce a structure table to label the foreground pixels by means of background differences. The experimental results illustrate that our classifier model provides satisfying detection accuracy. In particular, our detection approach can also perform well for low resolution and relatively complicated backgrounds. 相似文献
14.
内河航运是综合运输体系中的重要组成部分,然而由于受季节性等影响,内河航道变化较大,容易导致碍航现象发生,影响内河航运安全畅通和运行效率。针对枯水期内河航运特点,研究了内河航道建模及航行仿真方法。提出了一套内河航道建模、水面生成和船舶随机产生方法,为研究枯水期提高内河航道通行效率、保障安全畅通提供了一个有效的平台。 相似文献
15.
This paper focuses on modeling users’ cognitive styles based on a set of Web usage mining techniques on user navigation patterns and clickstream data. Main aim is to investigate whether specific clustering techniques can group users of particular cognitive style using measures obtained from psychometric tests and content navigation behavior. Three navigation metrics are proposed and utilized to find identifiable groups of users that have similar navigation patterns in relation to their cognitive style. The proposed work has been evaluated with two user studies which entail a psychometric-based survey for extracting the users’ cognitive styles, combined with a real usage scenario of users navigating in a controlled Web 2.0 environment. A total of 106 participants of age between 17 and 25 participated in the study providing interesting insights with respect to cognitive styles and navigation behavior of users. Studies like the reported one can be useful for modeling users and assist adaptive Web 2.0 environments to organize and present information and functionalities in an adaptive format to diverse user groups. 相似文献
16.
Typical audible pedestrian signals indicate when the pedestrian walk interval is in effect but provide little, or even misleading information for directional alignment. In three experiments, blind and blindfolded sighted adults crossed a simulated crossing with recorded traffic noise to approximate street sounds. This was done to investigate how characteristics of signal presentation affected usefulness of the auditory signal for guiding crossing behaviour. Crossing was more accurate when signals came only from the far end of the crossing rather than the typical practice of presenting signals simultaneously from both ends. Alternating the signal between ends of the crossing was not helpful. Also, the customary practice of signalling two parallel crossings at the same time drew participants somewhat toward the opposite crossing. Providing a locator tone at the end of the crossing during the pedestrian clearance interval improved crossing accuracy. These findings provide a basis for designing audible pedestrian signals to enhance directional guidance. The principal findings were the same for blind and sighted participants and applied across a range of specific signals (e.g. chirps, clicks, voices). 相似文献
17.
Recent years have seen an increased interest in navigational services for pedestrians. To ensure that these services are successful, it is necessary to understand the information requirements of pedestrians when navigating, and in particular, what information they need and how it is used. A requirements study was undertaken to identify these information requirements within an urban navigation context. Results show that landmarks were by far the most predominant navigation cue, that distance information and street names were infrequently used, and that information is used to enable navigation decisions, but also to enhance the pedestrians confidence and trust. The implications for the design of pedestrian navigation aids are highlighted. 相似文献
18.
There are several ways to study pedestrian dynamics, such as the macroscopic hydrodynamics, molecular dynamics with social force, and cellular automata (CA) with mean field approach. In recent years, the cellular automata approach has received growing interest from researchers. Because this approach is not only to save the computing time but also to reduce the complexity of the problem. In this presentation, we report the study of the conformation of congestion in a “T” intersection by using a cellular automata procedure with multi-floor fields. By using the multi-floor fields, we can mimic the pedestrian flow from several entrances to different exits firstly, and we can simulate the different pedestrian speed by changing the controlling parameter. Our results show, there are some kinds of phase transition in this system. 相似文献
20.
Many insects and animals exploit their own navigation systems to navigate in space. Biologically-inspired methods have been introduced for landmark-based navigation algorithms of a mobile robot. The methods determine the movement direction based on a home snapshot image and another snapshot from the current position. In this paper, we suggest a new landmark-based matching method for robotic homing navigation that first computes the distance to each landmark based on ego-motion and estimates the landmark arrangement in the snapshot image. Then, landmark vectors are used to localize the robotic agent in the environment and to choose the appropriate direction to return home. As a result, this method has a higher success rate for returning home from an arbitrary position than do the conventional image-matching algorithms. 相似文献
|