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在额定蒸发量为410t/h的循环流化床锅炉上进行以烟煤、石油焦混合物为燃料的锅炉热力性能试验,根据ASME锅炉性能规程计算了锅炉热效率,并对温度、汽水流量、气态污染物排放、灰渣含碳量等多个参数进行了测试,整理得到了一些规律性的结果。结果表明,锅炉以烟煤、石油焦为燃料,添加石灰石脱硫,采用尾部飞灰再循环,额定负荷下锅炉热效率可达92.8%;炉内密相区温度分布均匀;床温、分离器入口温度、排烟温度和排渣温度等各温度稳定;主蒸汽流量、给水流量、减温水流量等汽水流量波动小;气态污染物均可控制在较低水平。这对我国循环流化床锅炉燃用煤焦混合物的设计和运行工作有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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流化床冷渣器的设计与故障分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近几年来,循环流化床锅炉(CFB锅炉)技术在国内发展迅速,随着循环流化床锅炉的大型化,采用流化床冷渣器已成主导方向,主要阐述了流化床冷渣器的工作原理、设计,对目前流化床冷渣器运行中出现的故障进行了分析并提出一些解决措施。 相似文献
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以410 t/hCFB锅炉为研究对象,在分析"选择性流化床冷渣器-炉膛"系统压力分布特性的基础上,研究了压力分布特性对该种冷渣器物料流动及物料量的影响规律.结果发现:"冷渣器-炉膛"系统的压力分布特性对冷渣器物料平衡有重要影响.在稳定运行时,选择室的床层压降都小于另外3室,即选择室的床料量(或炉渣量)会小于其它3室;由于排渣的作用,冷渣器排渣室的床料量略少于中间2个冷却室;随着炉膛或冷渣器流化风速的增大,冷渣器内的床料量都将降低;炉膛和选择性流化床冷渣器之间是一种复杂的串并联关系,这使炉膛与冷渣器各室之间的气固流动参数相互制约,底渣流动的可控性较差. 相似文献
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循环流化床物料平衡是循环流化床燃烧的核心和基础,它影响到循环流化床燃烧效率和脱硫效率,并决定燃烧室内的热负荷分布。循环流化床“一进二出”的物料平衡系统是循环流化床的核心概念,也是理解循环流化床物料平衡的关键。本文介绍并分析了循环床物料平衡的某些问题,如循环流化床定态设计、床料质量和物料平衡模型等。循环流化床运行需要高的“床料质量”和较大物料循环量,要求流化床锅炉分离器分离效率曲线存在一个清晰的100%分离粒径截止点。循环流化床内物料平衡除了受分离器效率影响外,还受到给煤成灰及磨耗特性、床内颗粒分层、排渣方式及效率等因素的影响。 相似文献
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This study compares the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in the hot product gas from three different atmospheric fluidized bed biomass gasifiers: a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier, a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasifier, and an indirect BFB gasifier (the latter integrated with a CFB boiler). All gasifiers displayed a bimodal particle mass size distribution with a fine mode in the <0.5 μm size range and a coarse mode in the >0.5 μm size range. Compared with the mass concentration of the coarse mode the mass concentration of the fine mode was low in all gasifiers. For both the BFB and CFB gasifiers the fine-mode PM had a similar inorganic composition, indicating an origin from the ash and the magnesite bed material used in both gasifiers. In the indirect BFB gasifier the fine-mode PM was instead dominated by potassium and chlorine, and the tar fraction properties evoked tar condensation in the sampling system that affected mainly the fine-mode PM. The coarse-mode PM in the BFB gasifier was dominated by char fragments abraded from the pyrolyzed wood pellets. In the CFB gasifier the coarse-mode PM was mainly ash and magnesite bed material that passed through the process cyclone. In the indirect BFB gasifier the coarse-mode PM was mainly ash, probably originating both from the BFB gasifier and the CFB boiler. 相似文献
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从循环流化床锅炉的工作原理出发,结合百余台实际运行的循环流化床锅炉的实践,分析了锅炉性能对排渣、配风以及燃料、石灰石系统的要求.提出了有效床存量的概念、床压控制的原则、一次风机压头选择的依据.认为风帽阻力是漏渣的根本原因;在排渣粒度可以保证的条件下,且物料平衡系统对选择性排渣有要求时,尽量采用床下连续排渣、流化床冷渣器;考虑燃料的适应性和运行灵活性,建议送风机流量储备系数宜为1.25,压力储备系数1.3,而引风机的流量储备系数为1.25,压力储备系数1.20;若是燃用生物质等易燃燃料,储备系数还应更大一些. 相似文献
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A cold model experimental study on the flow characteristics of bed material in a fluidized bed bottom ash cooler in a CFB boiler 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IntroductionA fluidized bed bottom ash cooler is often used totreat high temperature bottom ash to reclaim heat andfine particles from the ash, and to have the ash easilytransported. Among the large CFB boilers in operation inthe world, there are many ash coolers that often workabnormally['-','].There are six fluidized bed bottom ash coolers in theimported 410im CFB boiler that was built and operatedin Gaoba power plant, Sichuan province, China in 1996N].High temperature slag-bond and jam … 相似文献
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The effects on enrichment characteristics of trace elements (TEs) in fly ash by adding halide salts into the coal during coal combustion were conducted on a 6 kWth circulating fluidized bed (CFB) experimental device. Results show that unburn carbon content in fly ash has little relationship with the concentration of TEs namely Hg, As, Pb, Cr and Mn. All the TEs are enriched in fly ash for the raw coal CFB combustion. Concentration of Hg and Mn increases with increasing the addition amount of CaCl2, NH4Cl and NH4Br. As, Pb and Cr enrich in fly ash more strongly when adding more CaCl2 into the coal while more addition of NH4Cl and NH4Br leads to the decrease of their enrichment compared to addition amount of 0.1 wt%. On the whole, putting halide salts into the coal results in the TEs enriched in fly ash, which benefits for TEs removal during the coal combustion. Combining this method with the chemical sequential extraction or thermal treatment of the fly ash will be a promising way to realize the TEs removal and their recovery. 相似文献
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循环流化床锅炉飞灰中碳的形成机理 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过对循环流化床(CFB)锅炉飞灰含碳量分布及飞灰残碳形态的测量、CFB燃烧温度下焦炭失活过程的试验研究以及流化床条件下煤颗粒燃烧过程的分析.探讨了循环流化床锅炉飞灰中碳的形成机理.结果表明:实际运行的CFB锅炉飞灰中含碳量具有明显的不均匀性,残碳集中于25~50 μm的飞灰颗粒内;真实密度和XRD测量均表明,焦炭失活的2个条件是温度和时间,温度高于800℃,焦炭失活开始发生,并且随着时间的增加,失活程度提高;焦炭颗粒长时间停留在主循环回路中,反应活性下降,由于颗粒的碎裂和磨耗,形成了飞灰中粒径较小的残碳;煤中的细小煤粒首次通过炉膛时未燃尽且未被分离器收集,形成了飞友中较大颗粒的残碳. 相似文献
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针对1台29MW热水锅炉热效率低和飞灰含量高等问题,改两级分离的高速循环流化床锅炉为带高温旋风水冷分离器的高、低速混合循环流化床锅炉;将分离器中心筒插入深度从原来的30%增大到100%,并在分离器中心筒底部增设缩口使烟气流速增大15m/s。实践表明:锅炉热效率提高19个百分点;节煤量远大于分离器电力消耗的增加;分离器飞灰含量降低28个百分点。 相似文献
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循环流化床(CFB)锅炉炉内的燃烧及传热与炉内床料的状态密切相关,而炉内床料主要是由燃煤含有的矿物组分经过燃烧、爆裂和磨耗过程形成的。文中对6种煤样在固定床燃烧后,使用可视化显微仪,获取了灰颗粒的微观形貌特征,根据灰颗粒的机械强度和耐磨性能的不同,将灰颗粒定义为3类不同性质的灰。以此为基点,采用固定床燃烧后冷态振动筛分和流化床实验台热态流化后筛分的方法,研究了不同燃烧温度下升温速率对灰颗粒粒径变化的影响,以及不同燃烧温度下燃烧时间对灰颗粒粒径变化的影响,推演了不同煤样在燃烧过程中的演化特征。结果表明:3类灰颗粒在不同的燃烧温度和时间的演化过程存在明显的不同,从而为预测循环流化床中的床料粒径分布提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has realized the clean and efficient utilization of inferior coal like gangue and coal slime, high sulfur coal, anthracite, petroleum coke, oil shale and other resources. As a country with the largest amount of CFB boilers and the largest installed capacity in the world, China has 440 100–600 MWe CFB boilers with a total capacity of 82.29 GWe, including 227 units of 135 MWe, 95 units of 300 MWe, and 24 supercritical units. The statistics of typical 100–300 MWe CFB boilers showed that the average number of unplanned shut-down was only 0.37 times per year, among which the 135 MWe was 0.26 times per year and 300 MWe was 0.46 times per year. The auxiliary power ratio of some 300 MWe CFB boilers based on flow-pattern reconstruction can be reduced to about 4%, which is closed to the same level of pulverized coal (PC) boilers. This paper summarizes the development process and application status of China’s large-scale CFB boilers, analyzes the characteristics and technical performance of the iconic units, and introduces solutions to the problems such as water wall wear and bottom ash cooling. 相似文献