基于节点模型的空间堆系统动态特性分析

建立集总参数法的碱金属冷却空间堆系统动态特性分析的节点模型,利用Simulink软件开发了空间堆系统动态特性分析程序,并利用设计参数对程序进行验证。分析了控制鼓转角和外部负载电阻阶跃变化时的系统动态响应特性。结果显示:在控制鼓角度阶跃变化引入正反应性时,堆芯功率迅速上升尔后由于负反馈而达到新的稳定状态,但热电偶(TE)电功率的输出有一定的延迟。在外部负载电阻阶跃变化时,TE热电转换电功率输出快速升高,使得TE热端温度升高,堆芯温度升高,由于负反应反馈导致堆芯温度下降。比较两者瞬态响应,外部负载电阻的变化较控制鼓角度的变化引起TE电功率输出的响应要快速。     

正比计数管探测低能X射线时探测效率的MC计算

为研究各因子对正比计数管探测低能X射线时性能的影响,利用MCNP5软件计算了不同光子能量下管内气体种类、气体压强及壁效应、放置距离等因素对探测器探测效率的响应情况。结果表明正比计数管探测器对10~30 ke V X射线探测效率最佳;且在探测低能X射线时,正比计数管应尽可能靠近源项,同时管内最佳气体压强在1.515×105~2.02×105Pa之间。     

新型金刚石膜微条气体室X射线探测器

以金刚石膜／硅复合材料作为基板．运用微加工技术在金刚石膜／硅衬底上光刻铬／金微条电极．制成了流气式微条气体室探测器。在室温及101．0kPa下,使用微机多道能谱仪及辅助电子学设备在5．9keV^55FeX射线辐照下测量了微条气体室探测器在不同电压下的能谱响应和脉冲信号。结果表明微条气体室探测器具有较高的信噪比,计数率≥10^3Hz,当混合工作气体Ar：CH4=90：10、漂移电压-1000V、阴极电压-650V、阳极0V时,能量分辨率达12．3％。     

厚型气体倍增快中子探测器及γ射线抑制研究

设计了一种基于厚气体电子倍增器(THGEM)的快中子探测器。通过研究其对252Cf快中子源(2.13 Me V)和137Csγ源(661 ke V)的响应,分别得到了在80 m V、160 m V、260 m V三种电子学阈值下,探测器对γ射线抑制和快中子探测的结果。结果表明在阈值为260 m V、γ射线全部抑制的条件下,探测器有70V的工作电压调整范围,能够探测到中子的(n,p)过程产生的反冲质子信号。     

高压~4He气体闪烁体中子探测器的物理设计

高压4He气体闪烁体中子探测器是一种具有快响应、高n-γ甄别比和较高探测效率等特点的新型快中子探测器。本工作采用了蒙特卡罗方法研究了4He气体压强和几何尺寸对高压4He气体闪烁体中子探测器的性能影响规律,并开展了探测器结构的优化设计。研究结果表明,气压增大可线性增加中子本征探测效率;探测器长度增加会降低中子的探测效率;探测器管径增加会使中子探测效率提高。当气压取120 atm,长度和管径分别取200 mm和44 mm时,探测器对近裂变谱中子(平均能量1.05 Me V)的探测效率为4.28%,为后续探测器制备提供理论指导。     

BPS型TE-TE球形空腔电离室在15MeV中子场测量的修正因子

我所研制了BPS型TE-TE球形空腔电离室。本工作测量了这些电离室的基本性能。饱和特性的测量结果表明,在~(60)Co光子场中Q_B/Q_V与V~(-2)之间,关系是线性的,相关系数极接近于1,由此得出了饱和修正因子。对于15MeV中子和~(60)Co光子确定了自由空气比释动能的壁厚修正因子,各自为(0.6±0.9)·10~(-2)mm~(-1)和(0.49±0.35)·10~(-2)mm~(-1)当射线入射角度范围在0-120°范围时,室响应相对变化对于~(60)Coγ射线不大于0. 5％,而对于15 MeV中子大约为1％。还研究测定了自由空气照射电离室在光子场与中子场中柄散射的影响,测量和计算了用TE气体和空气分别作为工作气体时电离室读数之比值,结果相符。     

总剂量辐射对高速电路时间特性的影响

对不同辐照偏置条件下，总剂量辐射对高速CMOS电路54HC04时间参数的影响进行了探讨，并与相应的直流参数的响应特性进行了对比，研究了两者之间的相关性。结果表明，在总剂量辐射环境下，高速CMOS电路的延迟时间变化与阈电压的漂移有着强烈的相关性，0V和4．5V两种偏置状态将分别导致电路的时间参数的明显退化。     

利用MCNP程序研究多层平板高气压电离室的能量响应

本研究利用MCNP程序对多层平板高气压电离室的能量响应进行模拟计算,获得了从几十ke V到10 Me V能量区间内的响应曲线,并与实验进行对比。结果表明:模拟计算值与实验刻度值吻合较好,且该电离室可以测量最高能量达10 Me V的光子辐射。     

阻抗板探测器工作电压和时间分辨率的测量及分析

在不同工作电压下对阻抗板探测器(resistive plate chamber,RPC)的信号进行了测试,并根据信号幅度的大小和形状判断出产生雪崩信号和流光信号的电压区域.研究了气体成分和工作电压对RPC时间分辨率的影响.时间分辨率随电压的增加先下降后上升,时间分辨率有最低点,随SF6气体比例的增加,时间分辨率最低点的电压向前移动了200 V.当电压为 10.2 kV、φ(SF6)=1.3%时,时间分辨率有最理想值.     

辐照后4H-SiC带电粒子探测器的特性研究

碳化硅材料因其禁带宽度大、晶体原子离位能高等物理特性,被视为制作耐高温、抗辐射器件极具代表性的宽带隙半导体材料。为观察辐照对4H-SiC肖特基二极管带电粒子探测器的电学特性及对α粒子响应的能量分辨率的影响。利用60Co源的γ射线对4H-SiC肖特基二极管探测器进行辐照实验。经过总剂量为1 000 kGy的γ射线辐照后,探测器的正向电流相较于辐照前减小了三个数量级;反向电流值在0～120 V偏压下没有明显变化,当反向偏压高于120 V时,反向电流值变化明显。同时,辐照前后对α粒子的能量分辨率没有明显变化。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.