双极性脉冲电压下介质阻挡放电及其涤纶表面改性

大气压下空气中介质阻挡放电(ADBD)在工业材料表面改性处理上具有广泛的应用前景。为研究陡前沿双极性脉冲电源在介质阻挡放电(DBD)均匀性及涤纶表面改性上的应用,在相同条件下采用脉冲电源放电与工频电源、高频电源DBD进行对比,分析了放电特性并测试了涤纶改性后的不同效果。用高速摄影仪拍摄了放电的快速曝光照片并记录了电压、电流波形;用扫描电镜、能谱仪等测量手段观察了涤纶纤维改性前后的表面形貌以及含氧量的变化;并比较了改性后芯吸性的改善情况。研究结果表明,采用双极性陡前沿的窄脉冲电源有利于在空气中实现较均匀、稳定的介质阻挡放电。     

高浓度臭氧发生器放电特性实验研究

使用 q- v图形法实验研究了窄间隙 DBD型高浓度臭氧发生器的放电特性 ,结果表明 :该臭氧发生器具有稳压二极管特性 ;其电介质层等效电容、放电气隙等效电容、折合电场强度等放电参量会随激励电压与频率的变化而变化并影响 O3产生的质量浓度及效率 ,在 1 .5 k Wh/m3前发生器 O3质量浓度随功率流量比迅速增加 ,1 .5 k Wh/m3后则趋缓。因此 ,选择合适的放电参量对于改善臭氧发生器的性能十分重要     

产生高浓度臭氧用20kHz高压逆变电源的研制

依据强电离放电装置的特点 ,研制成介质阻挡强电离放电产生高浓度臭氧用脉宽调制型 (PWM) 2 0 k Hz大功率高压逆变电源装置 IGBT。试验证明 :它可使产生的臭氧体积质量由 2 0 g/ m3提高到 2 5 0 g/ m3,而且减小了强电离放电产生高浓度臭氧装置的体积。该电源的结构及运行稳定性皆优于传统的逆变电源。     

有机高分子介电体臭氧发生管的特性研究

介绍了以聚碳酸酯为介电体的臭氧发生管 ,试验和分析了其工作特性与电老化寿命。结果表明 ,以空气为气源时 ,单根臭氧发生管的臭氧生产速率为 4 9.2 g/ h,臭氧质量浓度 2 8.8g/ m3,臭氧单位面积产率 2 4 1g/ (m2· h) ,电能消耗率 13.7k Wh/ kg;当工作电压 <6 370 V时 ,该有机高分子介电体的寿命可望 >80 0 0 h     

臭氧发生器运行参数的正交试验研究

用正交试验确定臭氧发生器气源的流量、温度和电源的电压、频率等最佳使用参数的结果表明 :气源流量 4 0 0L/h、气体温度 - 5℃、电源电压 11k V及频率 10 k Hz时单根电极放电试验可获得质量浓度为 2 4 .5 g/m3的臭氧时 ,生产速率 8.5 g/h,能量效率 10 8.7g/k Wh     

高压纳秒脉冲下介质阻挡放电的仿真研究

为研究ns脉冲高电压条件下介质阻挡放电的特性,在实验测量正极性ns脉冲介质阻挡放电电压、放电电流的基础上,根据脉冲介质阻挡放电等效电路对空气间隙上的气隙电压、放电电流及功率等参数进行了计算。计算结果表明,气隙电压、电流均为双极性脉冲且放电瞬时功率呈现双峰,分析认为此双极性脉冲是由介质层累积电荷所致;阻挡介质材料、厚度和施加电压频率不同,正极性ns脉冲介质阻挡放电结果也不同;施加电压类型对介质阻挡放电影响很大,相比交流、单极性μs脉冲和单极性亚μs脉冲的介质阻挡放电,正极性ns脉冲介质阻挡放电的放电电流大很多。     

填充床介质阻挡放电臭氧发生器的实验研究

在介质阻挡放电间隙填充介质颗粒,即填充床介质阻挡放电形式可以提升臭氧生成浓度和能量效率。因而设计了一种外玻璃管式填充床介质阻挡放电臭氧发生器,填充颗粒为玻璃微珠和金属微粉混合物。实验研究了填充床和空床放电的电学特性,以及产生臭氧浓度和能效与放电功率间的关系,并分析了介质损耗、冷却水温度、能流密度等因素的影响。实验结果表明:填充床在低能流密度下相比空床放电生成臭氧质量浓度低约40%,而在高能流密度下质量浓度提升约30%,能效曲线先上升后下降,2 mm间隙填充的最大臭氧质量浓度达到60 g/m3;低温冷却水有利于臭氧生成,5℃冷却水的效果比20℃质量浓度提升约17%;添加金属微粉有利于增强放电、提升臭氧质量浓度和能效,提升幅度约25%。     

空气源高频圆管型DBD臭氧产生的实验研究

电源频率和放电管长度是介质阻挡放电(DBD)臭氧产生的两个重要影响因素,在前期的研究基础上,采用合适的放电管长度和电源频率进行实验研究。实验研究了干空气源放电管长度、放电电压和气体流量对臭氧产生的影响,并进行了系统优化。研究结果表明:放电管长度由500 mm变为200 mm,在几乎不降低臭氧浓度下放电平均功率约降低了60%;臭氧浓度随放电电压和气体流量的增大先增大后降低;当流量为200 L/h、放电电压为2 698 V时,臭氧浓度与臭氧产率同时达到相对较高值,此时,臭氧浓度为5.3 g/m3时,臭氧产率为43.62 g/kWh。     

电晕放电法臭氧发生器电极的研究

论述了电晕放电法产生臭氧的机理和沿面放电用电极的结构及影响因素 ,认为提高电介质的介电常数、表面电阻率和降低电介质的厚度可以提高臭氧发生器的效率。通过实验确定介质为 0 .2 5～ 0 .4m mα- Al2 O3 电极线缠绕间距为 2～ 3mm的管式臭氧电极单根臭氧质量浓度可以达到12～ 13g/m3 。     

双极性高压脉冲介质阻挡放电降解甲醛及臭氧生成质量浓度控制

为进一步提高介质阻挡放电(DBD)降解甲醛的效率,并控制副产物的生成量,采用正负双极性高压脉冲电源对同轴式介质阻挡反应器供电,系统地研究了脉冲电压、脉冲重复频率、放电间隙、气体体积流量及甲醛初始质量浓度等影响因素对甲醛降解率及臭氧生成质量浓度的影响。实验结果表明:升高脉冲电压有利于甲醛的降解,当脉冲电压达到19 k V时,脉冲电压继续升高对甲醛降解率的影响不大,而臭氧生成质量浓度随着脉冲电压的增加而不断增大;放电间隙对甲醛降解率有很大的影响,随着放电间隙的减小,甲醛降解率增大,但放电间隙过小时,臭氧生成质量浓度较大;随着气体体积流量的增大,甲醛降解率降低;随着脉冲重复频率的增大,甲醛降解率增大,当脉冲重复频率达到60 Hz时,继续增加脉冲重复频率,甲醛降解率增大不明显;在一定实验条件下,甲醛初始质量浓度越大,甲醛降解率降低,而甲醛去除质量浓度增大并趋近于反应器的最大处理量。     

Ozone generation in dry air using pulsed discharges with andwithout a solid dielectric layer

Energy efficient generation of ozone is very important because ozone is being used increasingly in a wide range of industrial applications. Ozonizers usually use dielectric barrier discharges and employ alternating current (ac) with consequent heat generation, which necessitates cooling. In the present study, very short duration pulsed voltage is employed resulting in reduced heating of the gas and discharge reactor. A comparison of ozone generation in dry air using a coaxial concentric electrode system with and without a solid dielectric layer is reported. Two types of dielectric layers were employed, ceramic and polyvinylchloride (pvc). The effects of peak pulsed voltage (12.5 to 62 kV), reactor length (0.1 to 1 m), pulse repetition rate (25 to 400 pulses per second, pps), gas flow rate (1.5 to 3.0 1/min) and variation of the pitch length of the spiral wire forming the central electrode (5 to 10 mm) on the concentration and production yield of ozone (g/kWh) are reported. A comparison is made between the performance of discharge reactors with (ceramic reactor Type IIC and pvc reactor Type IIP) and without (reactor Type I) a dielectric layer, using the same electrode gap separation (15 mm) and reactor lengths (0.157 and 1 m). High production yields of ozone in dry air of ~125 52 and 60 g/kWh were obtained when using, respectively ceramic, pvc, and no dielectric layer, for a fixed pulse rate of 100 pps, 15 1/min now rate and for a relatively short length of the reactor of 157 mm     

滑动弧放电等离子体去除甲苯的实验研究

为了研究滑动弧放电等离子体对挥发性有机物的净化效果,选取甲苯作为代表物质进行实验研究,观察了电极间隔、电极材料、电极厚度、氧气含量、水汽含量、气流温度、污染物质量浓度等参数对去除率的影响。在输入体积能耗为0.26 kWh/m3、电极间隔为3 mm、电极厚4 mm、气体流量0.8 m3/h、甲苯质量浓度为7 850 mg/L的实验条件下,甲苯的去除率达到90%,反应器的能量利用率达到最大26.92 g/kWh;制作电极的金属材料对反应器的性能影响不大;甲苯去除率随着氧气含量、水汽含量和气流溫度的增加而增加,随着污染物浓度的增加而降低。     

SPWM电源频率对DBD臭氧产生影响的试验研究

介质阻挡放电产生臭氧与工作频率关系密切,臭氧的产量、浓度与产率指标往往相互背离,研究工作频率对臭氧指标的综合影响有重要意义。SPWM电源与臭氧发生器负载的等效电路及仿真结果表明SPWM输出方波的基波为正弦波,幅值10%~95%可调,频率50~2 000 Hz可调,可方便地用于测试频率对臭氧产生性能的影响。搭建由145根放电单元组成的工业应用级臭氧发生器,设计单相三阶SPWM臭氧电源,试验结果表明：谐振频率点随调制度的改变、运行电压的高低会有些变化,当工作频率略低于谐振频率时,发生器性能指标较好,当工作频率大于谐振频率时,臭氧浓度、产率等性能指标出现较大幅度下降。该装置SPWM电源在三种不同的试验路径下,均可优选出合适的工作频率,其中一个优选工作频率为810 Hz,此时臭氧产量为2 095 g/h,臭氧浓度为150.7 g/m³,产率为135.1 g/（kW·h）。     

Characteristics of ozone generation by a diffuse glow discharge at atmospheric pressure using a double discharge method

In this research, a diffuse glow discharge generated by a double discharge is used to improve the efficiency of ozone generation. In this method, corona discharge occurs in the space between the cathode and the trigger electrode covered by Pyrex glass tubes, set in a groove cut on the cathode. Thus, many initial electrons are generated around the cathode. In the present research, experiments were done in air (O₂/N₂ mixture) at atmospheric pressure and the discharge repetition frequency was 1 Hz for all experiments. The maximum ozone concentration generated was about 150 ppm. The average ozone yield was about 400 g O₃/kWh, much higher than the typical yield of about 100 g O₃/kWh. The efficiency of energy transfer from energy stored in storage capacitor C₁ to the main discharge zone was about 40% to 50%. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 127(2): 8–14, 1999     

沿面/体介质阻挡放电装置的放电及臭氧生成特性

相对于体介质阻挡放电(VDBD),沿面介质阻挡放电(SDBD)等离子体可以更高效地生成反应活性物质,在气体处理方面显示了较高的效率。但沿面放电仅沿介质表面发展,限制了放电等离子体装置处理气体的能力。文中设计了一种新型的沿面/体复合DBD装置,通过在垂直于沿面放电高压电极的上部增加体放电电极,用于扩展等离子体的空间分布并提高活性物质的产量,研究了电极构型、放电气隙、放电电压及气体体积流量等对装置的放电特性及臭氧生成的影响。在空气间隙为4.5mm,外加电压幅值为16kV时,SDBD放电功率为11.2W,VDBD放电功率为4.6 W,复合装置的放电功率为19.7 W;分别测量复合装置中的沿面放电和体放电功率发现,复合装置的沿面放电功较单一沿面放电装置的放电功率提高了1.1倍,而复合装置的体放电功率较单一体放电功率提高了1.9倍。臭氧测试结果表明,复合装置生成的臭氧质量浓度可达3.0 mg/L,分别是SDBD和VDBD的3.8倍和5.0倍。     

介质阻挡放电特性与臭氧合成的实验研究

采用线管结构反应器与管管结构反应器进行介质阻挡放电(DBD)产生臭氧。通过测量放电电气参数和观察辐射发光现象来研究两种反应器的介质阻挡放电特性。结合对比不同电场强度下的臭氧浓度和臭氧的生成效率,讨论两种反应器在生成臭氧应用方面的性能,实验发现线管结构介质阻挡放电特性不同于管管结构,同时臭氧浓度和臭氧生成效率取决于外加在两种反应器上的折合电场强度峰值。     

Energy Efficiency of Corona Discharge Reactor Driven by Inductive Energy Storage System Pulsed Power Generator

Characteristics of a pulse corona reactor driven by an inductive energy storage (IES) pulsed power generator are described in this paper with focusing on the influence of streamer-to-glow transition on NO removal efficiency. A pulsed high voltage with a short rise time of under 30 ns is employed to generate streamer discharges homogeneously in whole the discharge region. Fast recovery diodes are used as semiconductor opening switch (SOS) to shorten the rise time. The various resistors are employed as dummy load to clarify a suitable circuit parameter such as the capacitance of a primary energy storage capacitor and/or the inductance of a secondary energy storage inductor. The energy transfer efficiency of the pulsed power generator has a maximum value of 50% at 714 Omega dummy load resistance. A co-axial cylinder type discharge chamber was used as the corona discharge plasma reactor driven by the IES pulsed power generator. The pulsed power generator supplies 30 kV pulse with 300 pps repetition rate. The co-axial cylinder plasma reactor consists of 1 mm diameter tungsten wire and 19 mm i.d. copper tube with 30 cm length. NO removal from the simulated diesel engine exhaust gas (N₂:O₂=9:1, Initial NO concentration=200 ppm) increased with input energy into the reactor. The energy efficiency for NO removal was obtained to be 25 g/kWh at 30 % removal in gas flow rate of 2 L/min. However, the energy efficiency decreased to 5 g/kWh with increasing capacitance of the primary capacitor from several hundreds pF to several nF. This decrease was caused by a streamer-to-glow transition. The efficiency was affected by oxygen concentration in the gas mixture.     

Ozone production using pulsed dielectric barrier discharge inoxygen

The production of ozone was investigated using a dielectric barrier discharge in oxygen, and employing short-duration pulsed power. The dependence of the ozone concentration (parts per million, ppm) and ozone production yield (g(O₃)/kWh) on the peak pulsed voltage (17.5 to 57.9 kV) and the pulse repetition rate (25 to 400 pulses/s, pps) were investigated. In the present study, the following parameters were kept constant: a pressure of 1.01×10⁵ Pa, a temperature of 26±4°C a gas flow rate of 3.0 1/min and a gaseous gap length of 11 mm. A concentric coaxial cylindrical reactor was used. A spiral copper wire (1 mm in diameter) was wound on a polyvinylchloride (PVC) cylindrical configuration (26 mm in diameter) and placed centrally in a concentric coaxial electrode system with 4 mm thick PVC dielectric layer adjacent to a copper outer electrode of 58 mm in internal diameter. HV and current pulses were provided by a magnetic pulse compressor power source     

Superposed effect of UV rays on ozone generation by electrical discharge

Generally, ozone is generated by using silent discharge or surface discharge; however, the energy efficiency of ozone generation by using only one kind of discharge is about 200 g/kWh. The energy efficiency of ozone generation is about one-fifth of the theoretical energy efficiency. Ozone decomposition occurs at high concentrations, high temperatures, and so on. In order to increase ozone generation efficiency, many studies of ozone generation methods have been carried out to date. Experiments on ozone generation by using surface discharge and UV rays were carried out. In an experiment on superposing surface discharge and UV rays in the same space, the ozone yield by the superposing mode is lower than either the ozone yield by surface discharge or by UV rays at the same power. It appears that noticeable ozone dissociation by UV rays occurs because a high ozone concentration is achieved by the superposing mode. In cascade connection of a surface discharge reactor and UV lamp reactor, the ozone yield of the cascade mode (from the UV lamp reactor to the surface discharge reactor) is higher than that of the superposing mode at the same power. It is confirmed that cumulative disassociation is an effective reaction of ozone generation. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 123(4): 8–14, 1998     

Influence of voltage rise time on oxidation treatment of NO in simulated exhaust gas by polarity‐reversed pulse discharge

This paper describes an experimental study of NO removal from a simulated exhaust gas by repetitive surface discharge on a glass barrier subjected to polarity‐reversed voltage pulses. The very fast polarity‐reversal with a rise time of 20 ns is caused by direct grounding of a charged coaxial cable 10 m in length. The influence of the voltage rise time on energy efficiency for NO removal is studied. The results of NO removal using a barrier‐type plasma reactor with a screw‐plane electrode system indicate that the energy efficiency of very fast polarity reversal caused by direct grounding is higher than that of slower polarity reversal caused by grounding through an inductor at the cable end. The energy efficiency of direct grounding is approximately 80 g/kWh for a 50% NO removal ratio and approximately 60 g/kWh for a 100% NO removal ratio. Very intense discharge light is observed at an initial time of 10 ns for fast polarity reversal, whereas the intensity of the initial discharge light for slower polarity reversal is relatively small. To confirm the effectiveness of the polarity‐reversed pulse application, a comparison of the energy efficiency of polarity‐reversed voltage pulses and an AC 60‐Hz voltage is presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(4): 32–38, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21215