Misperceptions of women and affirmative action principles in faculty hiring: Response to Elliott's comment on Bronstein et al.

Contends that R. Elliott (see record 1987-20068-001) misrepresented the research of P. Bronstein et al (see record 1986-20846-001) on qualifications of women applying for academic positions in psychology. It appears that Elliott did not fully understand the principles of affirmative action. These principles are outlined and explained. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An introduction to the hiring process in academic psychology.

Describes the academic hiring process, including practical advice on the preparation of a resume; a job colloquium, questions to ask on an interview, and answers to questions one should expect to be asked. (French abstract) (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Implications for psychology: Reply to comments.

Replies to the comments of D. E. Leary (see record 1986-07955-001), S. A. Mulaik (see record 1986-07961-001), D. N. Robinson (see record 1986-07966-001), and W. L. Stroud (see record 1986-07976-001) on the earlier presentation of the present authors (see record 1984-00037-001) about the new philosophy of science. The present authors are pleased with what they have been able to communicate and discuss what they feel has been misunderstood. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Criteria for hiring psychologists": Reply.

Comments on the data analysis procedures used by H. H. Blumberg (1971) to extend L. S. Fidell's (see record 1971-07201-001) analysis of data on hiring practices in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On metaphor in psychology and physics: Reply to Farrell.

Replies to the comments of E. Farrell (see record 1986-26104-001) on the analysis by the present authors (see record 1986-10704-001) of applications of metaphor in the history of physics and psychology. It is suggested that although metaphor is an element in the complex that makes up a research tradition, its status is no higher than that of any of the other elements, any of which may influence the metaphor or be influenced by it. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Recruiting and hiring women in STEM fields.

The number of women earning advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has increased, yet women remain underrepresented at all ranks of the academic hierarchy in these fields. To help explain this pattern, we explored mechanisms in the recruitment and hiring process at the level of the department that hinder or promote the hiring of women into tenure-track positions. Using a unique data set of the entire pool of applicants to tenure-track STEM faculty positions over a 6-year period at a large public research university, we identified strategies that universities and academic departments can use to increase women's representation in tenure-track positions, including placing greater emphasis on increasing the number of women applicants and placing advertisements in venues that specifically target women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Empirical verification of sex discrimination in hiring practices in psychology.

1 of 2 survey forms was sent to 228 chairmen of graduate degree-granting university psychology departments in the United States. Each form consisted of 10 paragraphs describing the professional behavior of young psychologists. Respondents rated the desirability of each candidate and indicated at what level the candidate should be offered a position. The forms differed only in that feminine 1st names and pronouns were attached to 4 paragraphs on Form A and a different 4 paragraphs on Form B. 68% of the forms were returned. Women were offered lower levels of appointment than men for 7 of 8 paragraphs and were rated less desirable for 6 of 8 paragraphs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role conflict in forensic clinical psychology: Reply to Arcaya.

I agree with Arcaya that there is potential for serious role conflict in conducting forensic evaluations, but I disagree with how this problem is characterized and explained. Arcaya's contentions are reformulated as research hypotheses that can be empirically tested. The American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles of Psychologists are relevant and are cited in support of several proposals for safeguarding defendant rights and reducing the potential for role conflict in forensic evaluations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Applied psychology in action: Reply to Dr. Wells and to miss Epstein.

Comments on an article by F. L. Wells titled Comment on word meaning (1954) and an article by Mary Epstein titled A note on "the non-directive approach in advertising appeals' (1954); both of these articles comment on the current author's original article (see record 1955-01709-001). The author notes that Dr. Wells is correct in his analysis; the author should have used credulity in his original article. As for Epstein's comments, she is somewhat correct when she says that the non-interference principle is not applicable to advertising. If there were no "interference," there would be no selling. However, doesn't a patient have an attitude towards the therapist at the end of the sessions? Actually, there is no pure example of inferred advertising. In the end, it is the atmosphere created by the advertisement that is important. Direct-inferred, directive-nondirective, are more logical constructs than useful tools. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Practices in the recruitment and hiring of faculty for psychology departments in Canadian universities.

Investigated faculty recruitment and hiring practices of psychology departments in Canadian universities, as well as the job search experiences of recently hired male and female faculty. Questionnaires were sent to 61 departments and 105 faculty, and data from 38 completed department questionnaires and 64 faculty questionnaires were analyzed. Results indicate that the majority of psychology departments lacked complete affirmative action policies, and many lacked other specific requirements for ensuring participation by women. In spite of some deterrents to full equality, including a salary differential favoring men, it appears that women are being hired in proportion to their representation in the psychology labor force. Differences in male and female applicants that may favor the hiring of male faculty were found to be few. (French abstract) (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mainstreaming psychology of women with school psychology.

With the resurgence of the women's movement in the late 1960s, a new scholarly field, the psychology of women, developed within psychology. Scholarship on women continues today both as a separate area of investigation and study and as an area integrated into mainstream American psychology. Although this effort has been ongoing within psychology, school psychology has focused relatively little on women's issues and on issues of sex and gender. This is surprising given the many women in the field of school psychology and in the schools. Thus, the purpose of this special issue is to begin a process of enrichment, much as other psychology fields have already been enriched, by mainstreaming the psychology of women with school psychology. Three articles and a discussion are presented in the miniseries. Each of the authors explores a different topic relevant to women and school psychology and includes a literature review as well as discussion of the salience of the literature to professional school psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Positive psychology: An introduction": Reply.

Responds to comments by A. C. Bohart and T Greening, S. B. Shapiro, G. Bacigalupe, R. Walsh, W. C. Compton, C. L. McLafferty and J. D. Kirylo, N. Abi-Hashem, A. C. Catania, G. K. Lampropoulos, and T. M. Kelley (see records 2002-15384-010, 2002-15384-011, 2002-15384-012, 2002-15384-013, 2002-15384-014, 2002-15384-015, 2002-15384-016, 2002-15384-017, 2002-15384-018, and 2002-15384-019, respectively) on the January 2000, Vol 55(1) special issue of the American Psychologist dedicated to positive psychology. M. E. P. Seligman and M. Csikszentmihalyi expand on some of the critical themes discussed in the commentaries. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Fads, fashions, and folderol in psychology": Reply.

Comments on M. D. Dunnette's (1966) discussion of statistics in psychology research. A combination of phenomenological and statistical approaches may alert students to the pitfalls of quantification. It may be feasible to acquaint statistics students with a Bayesian approach that takes into account the posterior probability arrived at in experiments, which may include appreciable a priori probabilities, previous experience, and expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Attracting women to psychology: Effects of university behavior and the labor market.

Reviews certain behaviors of graduate departments in regard to possible sex discrimination to determine why more men than women enter graduate training in psychology. Possible discrimination in admissions and financial aid is discussed; no evidence of either possibility was found. Job market conditions for men and women are evaluated with data from a national sample of doctorate holders and from a recent survey of mobile or nontraditionally employed PhDs in psychology. Explanations for why female psychology PhDs receive, on the average, lower salaries than males, and why females are concentrated in lower-paying subspecialties, are considered. It is concluded that women may be dissuaded from pursuing careers in psychology more by the inability of their predecessors to obtain jobs as good as those held by men than by university policies. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Productivity in publication and the quality of psychology departments": Reply to Schaeffer and Sulyma.

Responds to comments by D. L. Schaeffer and I. M. Sulyma (1979) on W. M. Cox and V. Catt's (see record 1978-21651-001) article on publication productivity by psychology departments. The article by Cox and Catt was an attempt to derive one index of productivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What comparative psychology is about: Back to the future.

The problem of the status and identity of comparative psychology can be analyzed from two standpoints. One that has been predominant in the last few decades consists of reactions to the various criticisms that other animal behavior sciences have addressed to it. This standpoint is useful as a first approximation of comparative psychology's particulars but does not delineate common objectives that could encourage a sense of identity and ensure a stable and consistent progress of the field. Another standpoint is based on the examination of the epistemological tradition of comparative psychology. Although the study of behavioral phenotypes is an essential first step, comparative psychology has always been and still is about animal mind. Its future should be built on the expertise that results from this long and fruitful tradition and that has still to be matched by other animal behavior sciences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The image of women in psychology textbooks.

In an analysis of the content of ten recently published textbooks in psychology, the author concludes that most textbooks contain the implication that psychologists are male by using language and illustrations reinforcing this suggestion, and by citing women authors less frequently than their number and eminence would suggest. Experiments and studies reported in psychology textbooks frequently fail to indicate sex of subjects or, alternatively, are based on male samples. The results of such studies are then frequently generalized to both sexes. The image of psychology as presented in textbooks is biased, therefore, toward the study of male behaviour by male psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Phenomenology is not metaphysics: Reply to Philip Ringstrom.

The author refutes Ringstrom’s characterizations of his view of trauma, showing that they misrepresent phenomenological claims as if they were metaphysical ones. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"The psychology of life after death": Reply.

Responds to I. Stevenson's (1981) criticism of the author's (see record 1981-25195-001) discussion of life after death. The author argues that he does not consider himself an expert on survival of the human personality after death and he defends his choice of reference materials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)