一种基于鲁棒局部纹理特征的背景差分方法

针对复杂场景下运动目标的精确检测这一问题,提出一种对噪声鲁棒并具备灰度尺度不变性的局部纹理特征描述子LBP_Center,将其与像素的颜色信息结合应用于背景建模中,采用随机抽样的机制更新模型,同时引入背景复杂度以去除多模态动态背景产生的噪点。在标准测试数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法对柔性阴影及光照缓慢变化具备良好的鲁棒性,综合性能更优。     

Age estimation using a hierarchical classifier based on global and local facial features

The research related to age estimation using face images has become increasingly important, due to the fact it has a variety of potentially useful applications. An age estimation system is generally composed of aging feature extraction and feature classification; both of which are important in order to improve the performance. For the aging feature extraction, the hybrid features, which are a combination of global and local features, have received a great deal of attention, because this method can compensate for defects found in individual global and local features. As for feature classification, the hierarchical classifier, which is composed of an age group classification (e.g. the class of less than 20 years old, the class of 20-39 years old, etc.) and a detailed age estimation (e.g. 17, 23 years old, etc.), provide a much better performance than other methods. However, both the hybrid features and hierarchical classifier methods have only been studied independently and no research combining them has yet been conducted in the previous works. Consequently, we propose a new age estimation method using a hierarchical classifier method based on both global and local facial features. Our research is novel in the following three ways, compared to the previous works. Firstly, age estimation accuracy is greatly improved through a combination of the proposed hybrid features and the hierarchical classifier. Secondly, new local feature extraction methods are proposed in order to improve the performance of the hybrid features. The wrinkle feature is extracted using a set of region specific Gabor filters, each of which is designed based on the regional direction of the wrinkles, and the skin feature is extracted using a local binary pattern (LBP), capable of extracting the detailed textures of skin. Thirdly, the improved hierarchical classifier is based on a support vector machine (SVM) and a support vector regression (SVR). To reduce the error propagation of the hierarchical classifier, each age group classifier is designed so that the age range to be estimated is overlapped by consideration of false acceptance error (FAE) and false rejection error (FRE) of each classifier. The experimental results showed that the performance of the proposed method was superior to that of the previous methods when using the BERC, PAL and FG-Net aging databases.     

基于局部纹理特征的沥青路面裂缝检测方法

针对不均匀光照和阴影等因素影响沥青路面图像中裂缝检测误识别问题,提出一种基于局部纹理特征的沥青路面裂缝检测方法.设计结构保持型Retinex算法将高频的纹理信号从低频光照信号和结构型纹理中分离,改进百分比阈值算法,获取高信噪比的裂缝区域二值图像,建立高置信裂缝段的特征匹配机制,利用圆形度、面积、不同置信裂缝的类间欧氏距...     

Automatic age estimation based on facial aging patterns

While recognition of most facial variations, such as identity, expression and gender, has been extensively studied, automatic age estimation has rarely been explored. In contrast to other facial variations, aging variation presents several unique characteristics which make age estimation a challenging task. This paper proposes an automatic age estimation method named AGES (AGing pattErn Subspace). The basic idea is to model the aging pattern, which is defined as the sequence of a particular individual' s face images sorted in time order, by constructing a representative subspace. The proper aging pattern for a previously unseen face image is determined by the projection in the subspace that can reconstruct the face image with minimum reconstruction error, while the position of the face image in that aging pattern will then indicate its age. In the experiments, AGES and its variants are compared with the limited existing age estimation methods (WAS and AAS) and some well-established classification methods (kNN, BP, C4.5, and SVM). Moreover, a comparison with human perception ability on age is conducted. It is interesting to note that the performance of AGES is not only significantly better than that of all the other algorithms, but also comparable to that of the human observers.     

A new texture representation approach based on local feature saliency

Although it has been studied in some depth, texture characterization is still a challenging issue for real-life applications. In this study, we propose a multiresolution salient-point-based approach in the wavelet domain. This incorporates a two-phase feature extraction scheme. In the first phase, each wavelet subband (LH, HL, or HH) is used to compute local features by using multidisciplined (statistical, geometrical, or fractal) existing texture measures. These features are converted into binary images, called salient point images (SPIs), via threshold operation. This operation is the key step in our approach because it provides an opportunity for better segmentation and combination of multiple features. In the final phase, we propose a set of new texture features, namely, salient-point density (SPD), non-salient-point density (NSPD), salient-point residual (SPR), saliency and non-saliency product (SNP), and salient-point distribution non-uniformity (SPDN). These features characterize various aspects of image texture such as fineness/coarseness, primitive distribution, internal structures, etc. These features are then applied to the well-known K-means algorithm for unsupervised segmentation of texture images. Experimental results with the standard texture (Brodatz) and natural images demonstrate the robustness and potential of the proposed features compared to the wavelet energy (WE) and local extrema density feature (LED). The text was submitted by the authors in English. Md. Khayrul Bashar was born in Chittagong, Bangladesh in 1969. He received his B.E. (1993), M.Tech. (1998), and PhD (2004) degrees from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, and Nagoya University, respectively. He was a research engineer from 1995 to 1999 at Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO) and assistant professor from 1999 to 2000 at the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Bangladesh. Since 2004, he has been a research fellow in the department of Information Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan. Dr. Bashar is a member of IEEE, IEICE, BCS, and IEB. His research interest includes developing algorithms for image understanding, content-based image retrieval and web-application design, analysis and testing. Noboru Ohnishi was born in Aichi, Japan in 1951. He received his B.E., M.E., and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering from Nagoya University in 1973, 1975, and 1984, respectively. From 1975–1986, he worked as a researcher in the Rehabilitation Engineering centre under the Ministry of Labor, Japan. In 1986, he joined as an Assistant Professor in the dept. of Electrical Engineering of Nagoya University. Currently, he is a professor of the dept. of Information Engineering at the same university. During his long professional life, he has also served as a visiting researcher (1992–1993) in the laboratory of artificial intelligence at Michigan University, and team leader (1993–2001) at the Bio-mimetic Control Research Center, RIKEN, Nagoya, Japan. He also holds many respectable positions at various professional bodies in Japan and he has published many research papers (more than 140) in various international journals. For his technical creativity and ingenuity, he was awarded SICE society prizes in 1996 and 1999. His research interest includes brain analysis, modeling, and brain support, computer vision, and audition. He is a member of IEEE, IPSJ, IEICE, IEEJ, IIITE, JNNS, SICE and RSJ. Kiyoshi Agusa received his PhD degree in computer science from Kyoto University in 1982. Currently, he is a professor of the department of Information Systems, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University. His research area includes software engineering, program repository, and software reuse. Since 2003, he has been working as a team leader of a university-industry collaboration project entitled “e-Society,” which is a part of the “e-Japan” project, and doing research on reliability issues for web-based applications. He is a member of IPSJ, ISSST, IEICE, ACM and IEEE.     

基于纹理特征的医学彩色图像无损压缩法

彩色图像的压缩要兼顾效率及质量方面的指标。医学图像具有纹理特征较明显的特点,在此基础上提出了一种新的基于图像纹理特征预测技术的图像压缩方法。该算法与JPEG-LS标准完全兼容,通过纹理特征预测模型,实现图像信息冗余量的最佳去除;同时该算法沿袭了JPEG-LS低复杂度的特点,具有较高的执行效率,适用于实时的医学图像数据采集系统。     

基于人脸图像的性别识别与年龄估计

针对以往利用人脸图像单方面进行性别识别或年龄估计,提出了利用公共特征、私有特征同时进行性别识别与年龄估计.用对光照、尺度变化具有很强鲁棒性的Gabor小波变换提取人脸特征.降维后的有效人脸特征分成公共特征、私有特征两部分,公共特征用于性别识别,私有特征进行年龄估计.在FG-NET人脸库及自建OFID人脸库中用RBF神经网络进行了实验,取得了良好效果.     

将局部二进制模式应用于动态纹理识别的新方法

动态纹理的处理、描述与识别是纹理分析的热门领域。动态纹理是对普通纹理在时间域方面的扩展,包括动态特征和静态特征。基于LBP算法的扩展提出的VLBP算法较好的描述了动态纹理特征,但是计算量过大,模板过多。本文提出了一种由VLBP算法改进的基于局部二进制运动模式的特征提取方法用以动态纹理的描述和识别,它包括提取动态特征和提取静态特征两部分。将LBP算子做为块匹配准则提取局部二进制运动模式柱状图做为动态特征的描述,提取LBP柱状图做为静态特征的描述,并将二者连接得出描述动态纹理特征的联合的局部二进制运动模式柱状图。通过对DynTex集实验的结果表明,本文提出的方法在性能和识别率方面均要优于VLBP。     

A new approach for texture segmentation based on NBP method

Nowadays, image processing is an interesting research area due to the growth of the communication technologies. Matching problem, which consists of localizing one texture in an image, that contains several textures is one of the fundamental problem of image processing and pattern recognition. In this paper, a new feature extraction method and texture segmentation system are proposed. The proposed method (RINBP) is robust against rotation and improves the ability of extracting the local information. The segmentation architecture follows several steps. First, fixing a converging point α. After that, a Main analysis Window (MW) starting from α to the bottom left corner of the image is determined. Then, several possible windows are extracted and the feature extraction method is applied on each window. Finally, a similarity measure is calculated in order to decide if this window is pertinent or not. This process is stopped until the size of the MW reaches a minimum size. Each pertinent window increases the relevance of the desired texture in the output image. Finally, an image of relevance is obtained by considering the most relevant area. For the experiments, textured images generated from Brodatz album database are used. The experiments have shown the superiority of our method compared to other existing methods. The obtained results have illustrated the robustness and the efficiency of the proposed segmentation method based on the relevance of the analysis windows.     

A multi-scale and multi-orientation image retrieval method based on rotation-invariant texture features

Texture retrieval is a vital branch of content-based image retrieval.Rotation-invariant texture retrieval plays a key role in texture retrieval.This paper addresses three major issues in rotation-invariant texture retrieval: how to select the texture measurement methods,how to alleviate the influence of rotation for texture retrieval and how to apply the proper multi-scale analysis theory for texture images.First,the spectrum influence between a Radon transform and a Log-polar transform was compared after t...     

基于旋转不变纹理特征的多尺度多方向图像渐进检索

纹理检索是基于内容图像检索的重要内容,旋转不变纹理图像检索是实现纹理检索的关键途径之一.针对旋转不变纹理图像检索中需要解决的3个关键问题:如何消除旋转影响、如何选择多尺度分析方法以及如何构造和度量纹理特征矢量,本文分别分析了Radon变换和Log-polar变换在消除旋转位移时对频谱的影响,以及NSCT变换和小波变换在不同检索参数下的平均检索性能,在此基础上构造出多尺度多方向纹理变换谱和旋转不变特征矢量,提出一种多尺度多方向旋转不变纹理图像渐进检索方法.这种方法采用了可顾及人类视觉对纹理能量敏感性的相似性度量标准,分别采用旋转位移处理后的NSCT变换域低频子带和高通子带实现纹理图像的粗检索和精细检索.Brodatz标准纹理图像库的检索实验表明,本文提出的利用多尺度多方向纹理变换谱构造旋转不变特征矢量的方法既可获取纹理主方向,同时又能有效地表征纹理细节信息,两级渐进式检索策略与多尺度分析方法相结合,既能提高旋转不变纹理图像检索的查准率,又能保证较高的检索效率.     

基于五官特征的人脸剪纸生成方法研究

人脸肖像剪纸应该重现生动的图像细节,为了实现这一目标,提出了一种基于五官特征与图像变形算法的两阶段人脸剪纸合成方法。收集艺术家的人脸剪纸创作,分割五官部位并提取各组件的几何特征,建立数字化五官剪纸数据库。对目标人脸图像进行剪纸合成：在第一阶段,标定目标人脸图像的特征点,分割其五官部位,并提取各部位的几何特征,之后分别计算目标人脸五官与剪纸数据库中各对应组件基于几何特征和形状上下文特征的相似性度量值;通过融合几何特征和形状上下文特征,选择匹配相似度较高的剪纸部位,拼接得到初步的人脸剪纸图。在第二阶段,采用薄板样条（Thin Plate Spline,TPS）变形算法对第一阶段合成的人脸剪纸图进行变形,得到最终的剪纸图像。通过多人视觉测评实验,结果表明运用该方法得到的人脸剪纸图能够达到较为满意的效果。     

Emotion recognition using facial expression by fusing key points descriptor and texture features

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Emotions have a great significance in human-to-human and in human-to-computer communication and interaction. In this paper, an effective and novel approach to...     

Reliable facial expression recognition for multi-scale images using weber local binary image based cosine transform features

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Accurate recognition of facial expression is a challenging problem especially from multi-scale and multi orientation face images. In this article, we propose a...     

融合局部特征的面部遮挡表情识别

目的 针对人脸表情识别中存在局部遮挡的问题,提出一种融合局部特征的面部遮挡表情识别方法。方法 首先,为了减少噪声的影响,利用高斯滤波对归一化后的图像进行去噪处理;然后根据人脸不同部位对表情识别的不同贡献度,将图像划分为两个重要的子区域,并分别对该子区域进行不重叠分块处理;采用改进的中心对称局部二值模式（差值中心对称局部二值模式DCS-LBP）和改进的差值局部方向模式（梯度中心对称局部方向模式GCS-LDP）对各个子块提取相应的特征,并采用级联的方式得到图像的特征直方图;最后结合最近邻分类器对表情图像进行分类识别：利用卡方距离求取测试集图像与训练集图像特征直方图之间的距离,同时考虑到遮挡的干扰以及每个子块包含信息量的不同,利用信息熵对子块得到的卡方距离进行自适应加权。结果 在日本女性人脸表情库（JAFFE）和Cohn-Kanade（CK）人脸表情库上进行了3次交叉实验。在JAFFE库中随机遮挡、嘴部遮挡和眼部遮挡分别可以取得92.86%、94.76%和86.19%以上的平均识别率;在CK库中随机遮挡、嘴部遮挡和眼部遮挡分别可以取得99%、98.67%和99%以上的平均识别率。结论 该特征提取方法通过融合梯度方向上灰度值的差异以及梯度方向之间边缘响应值的差异来描述图像的特征,更加完整地提取了图像的细节信息。针对遮挡情况,本文采用的图像分割和信息熵自适应加权方法,有效地降低了遮挡对表情识别的干扰。在相同的实验环境下,与经典的局部特征提取方法以及遮挡问题处理方法的对比表明了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

Test of a new lacunarity estimation method for image texture analysis

Based on a differential box counting method and a gliding-box algorithm, a new method for estimating the lacunarity of grey scale digital image surfaces is introduced, and directionality of lacunarity defined. To test the performance of the new lacunarity measure, a Brodatz texture image mosaic is employed and several other texture analysis approaches are also applied to the texture mosaic. Quantitative comparison shows that the new lacunarity estimation method for grey-scale images can provide more accurate texture measurements than some existing lacunarity measures, the grey level co-occurrence matrix based texture measures, the Min-Max operator, and the fractal dimension.     

基于局部纹理ASM模型的人脸表情识别

针对主动形状模型(ASM)迭代过程容易陷入局部最优解的不足,提出了一种基于局部纹理模型的改进ASM算法,即EWASM.在局部纹理模型构建中,以每个特征点的中垂线方向搜索其邻域信息以确定最佳匹配位置,对衡量匹配程度的马氏距离加以推广,进而得到改进的扩展加权局部纹理模型,它由中心局部纹理模型、前局部纹理模型和后局部纹理模型共3个子模型加权组成,并对加权参数进行实验优化,使各个特征点之间的联系更加紧密,模型的鲁棒性更好.通过表情识别实验对提出的EWASM算法和传统ASM算法进行对比,选用RBF神经网络分类器进行表情分类,实验结果表明EWASM算法收敛速度更快,识别率也得以提高,并解决了局部最小问题,能更有效地表征表情.     

采用金字塔纹理和边缘特征的图像烟雾检测

目的 与传统点式感烟器相比,图像烟雾检测具有响应速度快、非接触等显著优势,但烟雾形状、色彩、纹理千差万别,造成现有算法推广性能不好,亟需提高特征推广性能.为此提出了一种采用图像金字塔纹理和边缘多尺度特征的烟雾检测算法.方法 首先,该算法将图像进行金字塔分解,然后在每层图像上提取局部二元模式(LBP)和边缘方向直方图(EOH),采用不同池化方法得到金字塔局部二元模式(PLBP)和金字塔边缘方向直方图(PEOH)序列特征,分别用于表征烟雾纹理和边缘信息,首尾相连这些直方图后,采用支持向量机(SVM)进行训练、识别烟雾.结果 这金字塔纹理和边缘特征具有很好的分类性能,能够在比较大的图像库上达到94%以上的检测率和3.0%以下的误报率.结论 本文算法提取的纹理、边缘特征,对光照、尺度具有一定不变性,实验结果也表明本文特征对烟雾检测具有较好的推广性能.