混合胺修饰的介孔硅胶吸附CO2性能研究

以介孔硅胶为载体,采用"嫁接+浸渍"两步法制备了混合胺(APTS+TEPA)修饰的介孔硅胶吸附剂。在固定床中考察了3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)和四乙烯五胺(TEPA)负载量、吸附温度、进气流量对CO2吸附性能的影响,并研究了吸附剂的循环稳定性。结果表明,当APTS负载量30%,TEPA负载量30%(TEPA30-APTS30-MSG),吸附温度为70℃,进气流量为30 m L/min时,该吸附剂表现出最好的吸附性能,饱和吸附量高达3.04 mmol/g,较纯TEPA浸渍提高了37.6%。该吸附剂经10次吸脱附循环后,饱和吸附量仅下降2.96%,具有较好的循环稳定性。     

介孔SiO2吸附CO2的性能研究

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,端氨基聚氧化丙烯醚（D2000）为模板剂,在水和乙醇的混合溶液中合成了蠕虫状介孔结构的介孔SiO₂（记为MSU-J）。采用物理浸渍的方法利用四乙烯五胺（TEPA）改性介孔MSU-J。采用红外、N₂吸附/脱附、元素分析表征改性介孔SiO₂。红外测试表明,经过物理浸渍可以将有机胺负载到介孔SiO₂上。N₂吸附/脱附试验表明,经过氨基修饰后,介孔SiO₂的介孔结构没有发生变化,但是介孔的孔容、孔径以及比表面积随着氨基浸渍量的增加而减小。在25℃和45℃,0.1 MPa下的纯CO₂吸附试验表明,氨基改性材料对CO₂吸附效果明显提高。当浸渍量为20%、吸附条件为25℃/0.1 MPa时,吸附量达到最大值138.6mg/g。当氨基含量继续增加时,吸附量反而降低。循环性试验表明,制备的吸附剂具有良好的循环性能,循环使用6次,材料的吸附量下降很少。     

四乙烯五胺功能化有序介孔氧化铝的合成及其CO2选择吸附性能研究

以九水硝酸铝为铝源,非表面活性剂柠檬酸为模板剂,稀氨水为沉淀剂合成有序介孔氧化铝（ OMA）。以四乙烯五胺（ TEPA）为活性组分,采用物理浸渍将其负载到OMA的内孔及比表面上,制备出氨基功能化的OMA用于CO2的选择吸附研究。采用XRD、BET和TEM对合成的吸附剂进行表征,通过自制的固定床反应器测量穿透曲线的方法研究其对CH4／CO2混合气的吸附分离性能。分别考察了负载量和吸附温度对吸附性能和分离因子的影响。结果表明,TEPA负载量为50％的吸附剂、吸附温度为70℃时对CO2吸附量最大,为2．598 mmol／g,TEPA／OMA经过10次吸附-脱附循环后,其吸附性能变化较小,仅下降了8．65％,具有较好的循环稳定性。     

金属氧化物掺杂对钙基吸附剂吸附CO_2性能的影响

化石燃料火电厂排放的CO2约占全球CO2总排放量的1/3,采用化学吸附法直接脱除高温烟气中的CO2既可以减少系统的能量损失又可以保护环境。文中采用机械混合法制备金属氧化物掺杂的钙基吸附剂,并以静吸附量和CO2吸附率为评价指标,气相色谱为检测手段,在自制吸附剂评价装置上,研究不同金属氧化物的掺杂对钙基吸附剂吸附性性能的影响。实验表明,掺杂金属氧化物对钙基吸附剂的吸附性能有一定影响,其中质量分数为1%的Li2CO3掺杂的钙基吸附剂的静吸附容量与钙基吸附剂的理论吸附量比较接近,并且优于其他金属氧化物掺杂的钙基吸附剂。     

高温下钙基吸附剂吸附CO2的研究

CaO基吸附剂是一种理想的CO2高温吸附剂。利用热重分析仪研究了由不同前体制备的CaO高温下对CO2的吸附性能。利用吸附仪测定了各吸附剂的比表面积等参数。实验发现CaO的最佳吸附温度范围为700—750℃;由CaC2O4.H2O制得的CaC2O4-CaO具有良好的吸附性能,在实验条件下,其吸附量为理论吸附量的89.1%;在较宽的CO2体积分数范围内,CaC2O4-CaO始终保持很高的吸附性能;吸收速率的大小受吸附剂比表面积、孔体积、孔结构等参数的共同影响。高温下,CaO基吸附剂吸附CO2的微观机理有待进一步研究。     

Na2CO3/γ-Al2O3吸附剂对SO2吸附性能的研究

用浸渍法制备了 Na2 CO3 /γ- Al2 O3 吸附剂 ,考察了 Na2 CO3 含量、焙烧温度和吸附温度对 Na2 CO3 /γ- Al2 O3 吸附剂 SO2 吸附性能的影响 .结果表明 :Na2 CO3 含量从 4%增加到 2 0 %时 ,穿透时间和硫容在 1 6%时出现峰值 .未经焙烧的吸附剂穿透时间和硫容都比较低 ,较理想的焙烧温度为 30 0℃～ 40 0℃ .吸附温度对 SO2 吸附性能的影响明显 ,在室温下吸附时 ,穿透时间和硫容都较小 ,适宜的吸附温度为 1 2 0℃～ 1 60℃ .     

TEPA/MCM-41固体胺吸附剂的制备及其CO_2吸附性能研究

制备了具有高CO_2吸附性能的TEPA/MCM-41固体胺吸附剂,并采用N_2物理吸脱附、XRD、FTIR、EA、TG-DSC等方法对其进行系统表征。采用重量法测试了吸附剂的吸附与循环稳定性能。结果表明,吸附温度为75℃,CO_2/N_2(体积比12%/88%)的气氛条件下,60%TEPA/MCM-41的吸附量最高为123.24 mg/g,经5次循环吸脱附后,CO_2吸附量降低约7.8%。同时借助计算流体动力学(CFD)对吸附过程进行了模拟,研究结果对吸附剂的设计与反应器的开发具有一定的指导意义。     

有机胺改性MCM-41吸附富集CO2

采用浸渍法分别将二乙烯三胺(DETA),二乙醇胺(DEA),乙醇胺(MEA),三乙烯四胺(TETA),羟乙基乙二胺(AEE)负载到MCM-41介孔硅材料上,制成各种吸附剂,考察不同胺负载量的吸附剂对CO2的吸附和再生性能;结果表明质量负载量为50%的AEE/MCM-41吸附效果最佳,在80℃下具有很好的再生性能。     

KOH改性活性炭吸附羰基硫及再生性能的研究

制备了KOH改性活性炭吸附剂并用于脱除低浓度羰基硫(COS),利用氮气物理吸附、X射线光电子能谱、CO_2程序升温脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱对吸附剂进行表征。考察了浸渍液质量分数及吸附条件对改性活性炭脱除COS性能的影响,并进行了再生性能测试。实验结果表明,浸渍液质量分数为10%时吸附剂的穿透吸附量最大,为40. 64 mg/g;在一定范围内,吸附效果与原料气流速成反比,与吸附温度成正比; COS在吸附剂表面反应主要生成了硫酸盐和硫单质;经过4次再生后,10OH/AC吸附剂的穿透吸附量仍达34. 32 mg/g,表明10OH/AC吸附剂具备一定工业应用潜力。     

硅酸锂基吸附剂吸附CO_2性能

以煤系高岭土酸处理后得到的物料为硅源,采用固相法和浸渍沉淀法制备硅酸锂基吸附剂,并通过浸渍沉淀法,添加不同比例的埃洛石纳米管,合成出可在500~650℃吸附CO_2的硅酸锂基吸附剂。通过X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N_2等温吸附脱附分别观察和分析了样品的结构、形貌特征及比表面积,并使用差热-热重联重分析仪(DTA-TG)研究了样品对CO_2的吸附性能。实验结果表明,采用浸渍沉淀法制备的硅酸锂基吸附剂,颗粒较小、分布均匀,表面积较大,具有良好的吸附效果,其最大吸附量(质量分数,下同)可达35.74%,吸附效率为97.33%,明显优于固相法;通过掺杂适量的埃洛石纳米管,可在一定程度上改善吸附剂在500~650℃的吸附性能,当掺杂量为x=1.04%时所得吸附剂在500~650℃的吸附性能最佳,540℃时吸附量为12.78%,是未掺杂时的2.39倍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。