Mise en application

L'expérience sur les prototypes, à Dar es-Salaam, a déterminé la teneur en ciment nécessaire aux différents éléments de construction faits de pisé. Les résultats ont aussi montré que le pisé revenait moins cher en année d'occupation que les autres matériaux.     

Mise en application

Building regulations vary internationally in their objectives and in the responsibilities they place upon designers and contractors, but they generally depend upon national or international codes and standards for their technical requirements. The systems operated in a number of European countries are discussed in this paper in terms of the internal environment of buildings and general considerations of public safety and health. The author refers to the influence of the relevant CIB Working Commissions in establishing internationally agreed standards for the internal environment of buildings and performance concepts.     

Mise en application

The author, the Earle B. Norris Research Professor of Wood Construction at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, first wrote on this subject in the July/August 1971 issue of the CIB journal. Dr Stern made the observations presented in this article following a visit last year to Brazil, where he participated in the Third Inter-American Conference on Materials Technology. At this conference he and the co-author, Dr Geza Ifju, presented a paper on ‘Wood in the Construction of Mass-Produced Houses’.     

物体与物像:密斯•凡•德·罗建筑中的雕塑

现代建筑与雕塑存在着一定的相似性并相互影响.雕塑是密斯?凡?德?罗建筑生涯中一个重要的艺术元素,本文在回顾密斯建筑设计和雕塑创作互动过程的基础上,从现代艺术的整体特征出发,分析密斯的雕塑观点,探求现代建筑与雕塑的结合与分野.论文认为,在现代艺术由具象走向抽象的整体背景下,密斯的雕塑观融合了古典情节和现代精神,物体与物像...     

Mise au point et optimisation de mortiers pour la restauration des monuments de Haute-Egypte

Since the end of the last century, the temple of Amon at Karnak is the site of various archeological projects. The first preoccupation of the architects and egyptologists is the restoration of the damaged ornamental wall coverings of the edifice. Today, none of the mortars used for the reffitings of the stonework has given entire satisfaction. Our observations and the tests realized on the site have allowed us to reconstitute in the laboratory (Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées) the climatic conditions as well as the hydrogeological conditions in which the stones have previously found themselves. This paper exposes a summary of the numerous tests of the mortars and additives as well as the recommendations which follow. We have voluntarily kept the “artisanal” spirit in the work on the restoration envisaged in order to avoid adding to an already difficult exercise a delicate technique or perhaps an approach which demands condiserable resources to complete the work.     

Valorisation optimale des granites pour granulats en pays en voie de development

During the prospection of granitic materials available for road uses, the mechanical characteristics of deep rocks are mainly taken into account, but not those of specimens actually picked from the surface. As the outcrops are very seldom spared by weathering, they always present a certain degree of alteration. The rocks which can be used are very difficult to reach because they are found under a layer of decomposition whose thickness varies according to the climatic conditions and the regions. We propose a method that will allow to know, approximately, the mechanical characteristics of such deep rocks in view of their utilization as road aggregates.     

L'Alteration superficielle en sismique-refraction

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Une théorie de la propagation des ondes sismiques dans un milieu à vitesse sismique croissant linéairement avec la profondeur...     

Granulats marins en France

The urbanization, the sites conservation and the safe keeping of underground water levels reduce the exploitations of alluvial aggregates. The sea proposes replacing possibilities. In France, the sea dredged aggregates represent a valuable potential in the supplying of materials for the coastal regions. Various cruises at sea on the French continental shelf, using different prospecting means (seismic, coring, dredging) and identification methods, gave to CNEXO the opportunity to draw up the inventory of the resources and to show off exploitable deposits.     

Amenagement des exutoires de ballastieres en eau en communication directe avec les rivieres

Disused alluvial sand and gravel quarries have created water surfaces sometimes directly connected through a channel with adjacent streams. The flowing of gravel-pit water into a river causes a rise in temperature, particularly in summer, thus inducing hydrobiological exchanges. In order to reduce the effects of gravel-pit water discharging into streams, two types of equipments have been designed and carried out.

-First type of equipment: concrete “moine” devices having a threefold function: they stabilize the outlets which tend to open out—during the hot season they connect the colder water in the gravel-pit with the stream water, “acting then as a drain-trap”.—Lastly they allow to “control” the level of water surfaces by drainage.

-Second type of equipment: filtering dams. These are intended to prevent fish and fry exchanges while ensuring the hydraulic continuity between water surfaces and streams.

This note gives an account of the work carried out in the Bresle valley (Seine-Maritime, Somme, Oise) and defines the technical data, equipment conditions and results obtained with respect to this work. These results have been found satisfactory. Monitoring is required to be sure that they will efficiently operate over long periods of time.     

La microfaune des boues activees. Etude d'une methode d'observation et application au suivi d'un pilote en phase de demarrage

The microfauna of activated sludge is well known as a potential indicator for operational control of biological treatment systems. An experiment was carried out during start up of an industrial scale pilot plant which was led with municipal sewage. Density of microfauna was evaluated using a counting chamber technique, and the results correlated with physicochemical factors. It was found that: the counting chamber technique is quite reliable provided the investigated volume reaches 10 mm³; grouping of microfauna by trophic characteristics makes the observation easier for the non-specialists without loosing too much information: and the evolution of microfauna is determined by a set of parameters for which epuration yield does not play a major role.     

Diagraphies instantanees en recherche d'eau

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Ces diagraphies réalisées pendant l'exécution du forage permettent de mesurer de façon continue, divers...     

Remise en etat des carrieres

The application of the law on Environment, states in article n^o 24 that a quarry's site must be restored when the extraction is over. This oblitation belongs to the quarry or gravel pit's society, but the use of the site itself belongs to the owner of the ground. The two notions are often the subject of quarrels between quarries' societies and groups taking the protection of Nature into account, because they are not always correctly separated. The “Ponts et Chaussées” Laboratories have included this problem in their action of technical support to the stone industry. Three notes have been written pointing out the main topics that must be included in a restoration study after extraction, to allow the owner to make afterwards, the best use of the site at the lowest cost possible. These notes concern 3 cases:

-The use of ancient quarries' sites for sport or open air activities.

-The restitution of the site to its natural context.

-The use of the site for agriculture.