红外辐射温度计的辐射源尺寸效应修正

红外辐射温度计在低温测量的辐射源尺寸效应（SSE） 的规律不同于高温测量。基于以虚拟探测器温度消除背景辐射影响的SSE计算模型,推导了在不同源尺寸和不同背景条件下辐射温度计输出的SSE影响修正公式;得出不同源尺寸条件下辐射温度计温度示值的SSE影响修正的理论解析表达式。在源温度低于或接近背景温度时修正模型与高温测量SSE修正模型有显著差异。所得结果适用于任意温度下对单波段辐射温度计的SSE影响修正。     

温度误差修正与微分膨胀系数

提出一种更切合实际的温度误差补偿和修正方法：采用微分膨胀系数代替平均膨胀系数。同时介绍了微分膨胀系数的测量方法及其测量不确定度。     

螺翼式流量计测量柴油时的温度修正

螺翼式流量计属速度式仪表，燃油油温的变化对其测量准确度影响较大。本文通过对流量计样机的示值误差进行数据分析，运用回归分析法求得流量计测量柴油时的温度修正经验公式。经实验与使用证明是可行的。     

轰炸真高度测量的温度修正

本文阐述了轰炸真高度测量的原理、方法和误差修正。按误差修正后的数学模型能够准确、快速的测量和计算出轰炸真高。     

航空发动机旋转盘腔测试温度补偿和压力修正方法研究

为了提高旋转盘腔温度和压力测试的准确性，开展温度补偿和压力修正方法研究。针对旋转盘腔温度测试时，滑环引电器普通导线无法产生电势差导致测温误差较大的问题，提出了温度补偿方法，将温差转换为电势差补偿到输出电势中，之后根据热电偶电势与温度的关系计算得到测量端真实温度；针对旋转盘腔旋转状态下，引压管中的空气柱产生管涌效应导致低半径处的传感器产生测量误差的问题，提出了压力修正方法，将管内空气柱进行分段，每段视作均温气体，推导得到压力修正公式。开展试验对所提出的温度补偿和压力修正方法的应用效果进行验证，结果表明：对热电偶测温结果进行补偿后，误差低于1%；对压力测量结果进行修正后，相对偏差不超过0.8%，且转速越高，压力修正效果越明显。修正后的温度和压力精度满足航空发动机旋转盘腔实际测量需求，证明了所提出方法的准确性，为航空发动机转子的寿命评估提供了重要技术支撑。     

动态误差修正方法的研究

动态测量是被测参数处于动态情况下的测量 ,这时系统的内部状态、结构和动态特性在受到干扰时随时间变化而变化 ,将产生测量误差。由于这种动特性 ,动态测量误差是未知的 ,为了得到较高的测量准确度采用实时误差修正技术是一种较好的途径。本文采用灰色模型进行预测修正得到很好的效果。一、实时误差修正的基本原理在计算机应用十分普遍的今天 ,用计算机进行数据处理 ,对测量误差做实时修正是必然的。通常修正过程大致分为四个阶段 ,即误差分离、误差建模、误差修正和给出测量结果 ,其测量与数据处理过程如图１所示。图１输入信号ｘ（ｔ）是…     

水温与室温差对医用电子直线加速器输出剂量刻度的影响

该文目的是研究小水箱水和周围环境未达到温度平衡,其温差在3℃～10℃时,水温气压修正吸收剂量刻度加速器输出剂量是否准确。方法是水温调整至室温,校准输出剂量并刻度固体水测量点处的吸收剂量为1.0 cGy/MU,测量输出剂量稳定性;调整水温与室温差10℃左右,半小时测量水温、室温、气压、静电计读数并计算出根据水温气压修正的吸收剂量;对计数资料组间行均值t检验、非参数配对样本wilcoxon符号秩检验及Spearman法双变量相关性分析。结果是水温与室温差为零、非零、平衡下水温气压修正的吸收剂量和固体水测量点处吸收剂量基本一致[（99.92±0.01）cGy、（99.90±0.08）cGy(t=-1.596,p=0.127),(99.84±0.02)c Gy、（100.04±0.09）cGy];水温与室温差和水温气压修正的吸收剂量双变量相关性分析呈无相关性（r=-0.177,p=0.455）。结论为现场使用房间自来水作为刻度用水,水温与室温相差3℃～10℃时,温差不影响水温气压修正的吸收剂量刻度加速器输出剂量的准确性。     

目标距离变化对热像仪测温精度影响分析

热像仪测温时,测量距离的变化会降低测温精度。本文根据红外辐射理论及光学系统中辐射传输理论计算推导出测量误差与测温距离之间的关系。同时结合一套热像仪计算测量误差,提出一种通过Matlab修正距离影响的方法。在不同距离下测量黑体辐射源温度时,测温误差在0.09%以内,与没有做距离修正的测量值相比有很大程度的提升。     

利用环境空气及路面温度对近距轮胎/路面噪音测量法(CPX)的修正(英文)

一般在公路上进行CPX轮胎/路面噪音测量时,环境温度对测量的影响往往是不易受控制的。研究人员们已针对此问题开发出一温度修正方法,透过不同的温度参数以补偿温度对量度得出的噪音水平之影响。本研究试图以一整天的CPX测量结果,以探索测试时使用环境气温和路面温度为本的修正及其可靠性,同时并得出两种路面上的温度修正值。     

论环境温度对加油机检定示值误差的影响

燃油加油机是一种用于液体体积测量的计量器具,JJG443—2006《燃油加油机》给出了详细的检定方法和示值误差的计算公式,式中引用的一个重要参数二等标准金属量器的温度tL是用二等标准金属量器中的介质温度tB代替的。文章认为示值误差的计算公式忽略了环境温度对测量结果的影响,特别是在介质温度与环境温度温差较大时（5≤tH-tJ≤10）,影响较大,有值得商榷之处。文章从对影响量作理论分析和在参考环境下作实验验证两方面进行探究,并给出加油机检定示值误差修正公式。     

Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India

An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.     

Metrology in Chemistry in Germany

The system for Metrology in Chemistry in Germany is described. At the national standards level, a network of high-level chemistry institutes coordinated by the national metrology institute, PTB, provides the primary references for chemical measurements. A dissemination mechanism employs chemical calibration laboratories accredited within the framework of the German Calibration Service (DKD). They act as “multipliers” between the national standards level and the user level by providing the user with calibration means which are traceable to the SI via national standards. Traceability structures in clinical chemistry, electrochemistry, elemental analysis and gas analysis are described     

Natural radioactivity in drinking water in private wells in Finland

Natural radioactivity in drinking water was determined in population-based random study of 472 private wells. The mean concentrations of (222)Rn, (226)Ra, (234)U, (238)U, (210)Pb and (210)Po in drilled wells were 460, 0.05, 0.35, 0.26, 0.04 and 0.05 Bq l(-1), and in wells dug in the soil were 50, 0.016, 0.02, 0.015, 0.013 and 0.007 Bq l(-1), respectively. Approximately 10% of the drilled wells exceeded a radon concentration of 1000 Bq l(-1) and 18% a uranium concentration of 15 microg l(-1). The mean annual effective dose from natural radionuclides for a drilled well user was 0.4 mSv and 0.05 mSv for a user of a well dug in the soil. The effective dose arising from (222)Rn was 75% of the total of all natural radionuclides for drilled well users. As regards long-lived radionuclides, (210)Po and (210)Pb caused the largest portion of the effective dose. The dose arising from (238)U, (234)U and (226)Ra was only 8% of the total of all natural radionuclides.     

Natural radioactivity in drinking water in private wells in Finland

Radiation Protection Dosimetry     

Radioactivity in building materials in Iraq

Activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in 45 samples of different building materials used in Iraq were measured using gamma-spectroscopy system based on high-purity germanium detector with an efficiency of 40 %. Radium equivalent activity, air-absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, external and internal hazard indices and alpha index due to radon inhalation originating from building materials were measured to assess the potential radiological hazard associated with these building materials. The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th and 40K were found to range from below detection limit (BDL) to 223.7 ± 9, BDL to 93.0 ± 3 and BDL to 343.1 ± 12, respectively. Values of average radium equivalent activity, air-absorbed dose rate, indoor and outdoor annual effective doses, external and internal hazard indices and alpha index ranged from 6.5 to 124.9, 16.2 to 89.5 (nGy h(-1)), 0.08 to 0.44 mSv, 0.02-0.11 mSv, 0.09 to 0.53, 0.13 to 0.69 and 0.03 to 0.62, respectively. These values indicate a low dose. Therefore, the building materials used in the current study are quite safe to be used as building materials.     

Optische in situ Schichtdickenmessung in Bedampfungsanlagen. Optical in situ film thickness monitoring in coating systems

Optical film thickness monitoring is more precise than crystal monitoring. The optical measurement makes use of the fact that the intensity of a monochromatic light beam which is reflected on a film will change periodically with increasing film thickness. The measurement is performed at an exchangeable test glass that is positioned beside the substrates and is therefore coated in the same way as the substrates. The accuracy of cut‐off is achieved by a “fit” of a theoretical curve shape to the measured values. Order filters are used to ensure that, at a certain wavelength, higher deflection orders do not influence the measurement when a monochromator grating is used.