鸡红细胞Cu,Zn- SOD的纯化及部分性质研究

目的:从鸡红细胞分离铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu,Zn-SOD),并对其部分性质进行研究.方法:用氯仿-乙醇除杂蛋白、丙酮沉淀、热变性、DEAE-32柱色谱等方法,对鸡红细胞Cu,Zn-SOD进行分离纯化.结果:得到Cu,Zn-SOD干粉5.9mg,比活10196.27U/mg蛋白,活力回收70.43%,纯化倍数为125.82.理化性质分析表明:该酶的最大紫外吸收波长264nm,相对分子量约为31000D,相对亚基分子量约为16500D,pH在6～9范围内稳定性很好,在40～60 ℃内保温30min酶活基本不变,2mmol/L SDS对此酶没有明显的抑制,该酶对H2O2和KCN敏感.结论:鸡红细胞含有丰富的Cu,Zn-SOD.     

重组梅花鹿来源Cu/Zn-SOD的分离纯化及酶学性质

超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)能特异性清除氧自由基,对保护细胞免受氧化损伤具有重要作用。本文构建了表达重组梅花鹿来源Cu/Zn-SOD的毕赤酵母工程菌GS115-p PIC9K-SOD,并对重组SOD进行分离纯化和酶学性质研究。通过10 ku中空纤维柱超滤、DEAE弱阴离子交换层析、高效凝胶色谱分离纯化,重组Cu/Zn-SOD的比活力为1 7647.1 U/mg,回收率为36.84%。对重组Cu/Zn-SOD的酶学性质研究表明,其最适反应pH 8.0,最适反应温度30℃;在pH 5~9之间较为稳定,保温1h后仍能保留80%以上的酶活力;60℃保温1 h酶活保持在90%以上,70℃保温20 min残余酶活力仍有70%以上。重组Cu/Zn-SOD在中性条件下对蛋白酶耐受性较好,然而易受胃酸的酸解导致酶活力丧失。     

玉米超氧化物歧化酶的纯化及性质研究

从玉米胚芽提取得到的SOD粗酶液,经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DE-52纤维素柱层析和Sephadex G-75层析法分离纯化,得到纯的玉米SOD,比活为3 583.3 U/mg蛋白,纯化倍数为61.4.经鉴定,玉米SOD为Cu,Zn-SOD,Cu和Zn离子含量之比约为1∶5,在260nm处有最大吸收峰.用SDS-PAGE测得SOD亚基分子量为18 800,玉米SOD分子量为37 600.实验表明,玉米SOD在50℃以下热稳定性较好,在pH 7～8较稳定.     

羊血中Cu,Zn-SOD酶活的研究

以羊血为原料提取了Cu,Zn-SOD,利用邻苯三酚自氧化法对Cu,Zn-SOD的酶活进行了测定。实验结果表明:1L羊血中提取的Cu,Zn-SOD,经丙酮沉淀、冷冻干燥及SephadexG-100葡聚糖凝胶过滤后的酶活分别为3.2×103U/mg、4.51×103U/mg和5.85×103U/mg。      

绿豆芽中SOD的分离纯化、固定化及性质研究

为降低SOD生产成本,提高其稳定性及其重复利用率,选用绿豆芽为材料,对SOD进行分离纯化,固定化及性质研究。结果表明,用0.05 mol/L pH7.8磷酸缓冲液(含0.1 mol/L MEDTA)提取SOD,40%饱和度的硫酸铵去除杂蛋白、80%饱和度的硫酸铵沉淀SOD,DEAE-纤维素-柱层析纯化,SOD的纯度可达4.662×10-5 kat/mg蛋白,总酶活回收率达43.7%,纯化倍数达26.4;包埋剂聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的浓度为22.5%时,固定化酶的结合效率为87.0%,固定化酶的活力回收率为80.9%;H2O2和KCN对SOD的活力抑制表明,绿豆芽SOD为Cu、Zn-SOD。PAGE电泳图谱显示绿豆芽Cu、Zn-SOD由2个亚基组成。本研究结果将为绿豆芽SOD的开发利用提供理论参考。     

乌骨鸡红细胞超氧化物歧化酶的分离纯化及部分性质的研究

经氯仿-乙醇分级分离，丙酮沉淀及DE-32纤维素柱层析的方法，从乌骨鸡红细胞中得到纯化的Cu，Zn-SOD。结果表明此酶的比活力为11，954U／mg，提纯倍数为334．71，聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳蛋白带与活性带相对应。相对分子量约为32，000，相对亚基分子量约为16，000。最大紫外吸收波长为260nm，对KCN和H2O2敏感，最适pH为6～9，热稳定性在60℃以下。     

鹅红细胞Cu,Zn-SOD分离纯化及部分性质的研究

经氯仿-乙醇分级分离，丙酮沉淀及DE-32纤维素柱层析的方法，从鹅红细胞中得到纯化的Cu，Zn-SOD。结果表明此酶的比活力为10656．14U／mg，提纯倍数为354．73，聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳蛋白带与活性带相对应。相对分了量约为32000，相对亚基分子量约为16000。最大紫外吸收波长为258nm，列KCN和H202敏感，最适pH为6～9，热稳定性在60℃以下。     

鸭血浆胆碱酯酶的分离纯化和性质的研究

将鸭血浆用0．2mol／L pH7．2磷酸盐缓冲溶液等体积稀释后，以硫酸铵为盐析剂进行二次盐析、再经DEAE-52离了交换层析和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤层析对胆碱酯酶进行分离纯化，可获得电泳纯的胆碱酯酶，纯化倍数为278．5倍，酶活回收为17．8％。实验表明，该酶的最适温度为37℃，最适pH为7．8，有过量底物抑制现象。     

低温果胶酶的纯化及酶学性质的研究

进行了低温果胶酶产生菌的筛选,并对低温果胶酶的酶学性质、纯化及动力学常数进行了研究。结果表明:该酶最适酶反应温度25℃,最适酶反应pH为5.8;酶液的pH稳定范围在5～6.4;在25℃保温3h,酶活降至50.5%,在35℃保温2h,酶活降至55.1%,在45℃保温1.5h,酶活降至48.7%,在55℃保温1h,酶活降至43.1%;金属离子Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Na+对低温果胶酶有激活作用,而Ba2+、Hg2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Pb2+对低温果胶酶有强烈的抑制作用;当以果胶为底物时,该酶的动力学常数Km为27.86mg/mL,Vmax为152.13μmol/(min·mL);采用不同的处理方法均可使低温果胶酶得到纯化,但40%～85%的硫酸铵分级沉淀纯化效果最好。     

米曲霉M3中性蛋白酶的提取及酶学特性研究

采用硫酸铵沉降法分离纯化米曲霉M3所产中性蛋白酶，并对其酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明：用硫酸铵沉降法所得粗酶粉的酶活力高达159781．1μ／g；该酶的最适反应温度为50℃，最适作用pH值为7．5；该酶在30～40℃时具有良好的热稳定性，在pH值6．5—7．5的条件下酶是稳定的；NH4^1 ，K^1 对该蛋白酶有明显的激活作用，Fe^3 则对其表现出强烈的抑制作用。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．