分光光度计卤钨灯的损坏原因及更换技巧

正紫外分光光度计(以下简称"分光光度计")使用的卤钨灯,是一种专门应用于仪器分析的卤钨灯,它不同于照明卤钨灯、汽车卤钨灯等其他用途的卤钨灯。本文以下提到的卤钨灯专指分光光度计专用卤钨灯。一、卤钨灯损坏的原因卤钨灯是在白炽灯里充填的惰性气体中,加入微量卤素或卤化物而制成的电光源。具有体积小、发光效率高、色温稳定、几乎无光衰、寿命长等优点。其表面温度可达200℃～300℃,使用寿命一般在(2000～3000)h。     

固定式灯具产品质量国家监督抽查结果

固定式灯具主要包括吸顶灯、吊灯、壁灯等，通常使用的光源包括普通白炽灯泡、荧光灯、高强度气体放电灯和卤钨灯等。     

NO3为配体的超卤素/飙卤素的理论研究

以超卤素M(NO₃)₂-(M=Li, Na)为基元,构建了超卤素团簇Mn(NO₃)n+1-(M=Li, Na;n=2,3)。采用密度泛函理论研究了这些团簇的结构、垂直电离能(VDE)、 绝热电离能(ADE)等性质。M₂(NO₃)₃-由超碱金属M₂(NO₃)⁺与NO₃-结合形成,结果显示,用超碱金属取代碱金属作为团簇的中心, M₂(NO₃)₃的VDE不升反降。M₃(NO₃)₄-由金属原子与超卤素M(NO₃)₂-结合形成,碱金属是团簇中心。M₃(NO₃)₄- 的VDE大于基元,形成了飙卤素。而且通过最高占据轨道与最低非占据轨道间的能级差(HOMO-LUMO gap)的计算结果发现,随着碱金属原子数目的增加,团簇的化学稳定性越高。     

离子色谱法测定机电塑料产品中卤素

对于机电塑料产品,经液氮粉碎,采用氧仓燃烧离子色谱方法进行定量分析测定,外标法定量。研究了样品前处理条件、离子色谱测定条件以及回收率试验,精密度试验,方法验证试验进行了研究。结果表明,本标准方法科学合理、技术先进,既便于实验室检测,又完全满足国内外用户对检测限量的需要。该检测方法中涉及的卤素种类（氟、氯、溴、碘）已覆盖了国际上相关的电子电气产品法规要求。     

含卤素的纯有机小分子室温磷光材料研究概述

在最近几年中,纯有机小分子构建的室温磷光材料因其能够同时利用单线态激子和三线态激子,且相较于重金属掺杂体系和高分子体系,具有低毒性、制备简单等优点引起了人们极大的兴趣。通过介绍近几年含有卤素的有机小分子材料的室温磷光发光类型,讨论了室温磷光小分子在分子设计时需要综合考虑的各种因素。     

发展完善中的卤素检漏仪器

发展完善中的卤素检漏仪器周化杰，周维群自八十年代以来，我国的冷冻行业发展迅猛，随之对电冰箱、空调器、冷柜等冷冻设备的检漏技术和检漏仪器也有了很大的发展和提高。过去在冷冻行业采用的检漏手段：有气压法和皂泡法。气压法、皂泡法虽然方法简单可靠，但由于检测灵...     

卤素检漏仪常见故障的检修

卤素检漏仪是一种可对密封系统中充有氟里昂（R12、R22、R134a等）卤素气体进行泄漏检测的通常具有自校准和能够进行机械调整的功能，以保证仪器的灵敏度。该仪器在规定条件下，用来对以氟里昂为制冷剂的制冷器具密封系统中氟里昂气体的泄漏进行检测，确定其泄漏量大小。目前卤素检漏仪的品种繁多，结构也有很大差异。下面仅以最常见的热离子放电式卤素检漏仪为例，谈谈卤素检漏仪常见故障的检修。工作原理该仪器具有较高的检测灵敏度，在制冷行业的生产线上广泛应用。它由传感器、电子线路和气路三部分组成。由于从传感器收集极输出的离…     

关于冷媒（卤素）气体检漏仪校准问题的探讨

卤素气体检漏仪广泛用于化工、制冷等领域,原有的规程已不能满足现代化检测对仪器计量性能的要求。本文从示值误差、示值重复性、稳定性、最小检测限、报警响应时间、报警值六个方面介绍针对此类仪器的新校准方法,探讨新的计量性能评估方式。     

由不同原料生成热解炭

目的弄清用含卤素的各种C原料生成热解炭(PC)的条件及结构的关系以及原料引起的差异。实验用两种反应炉。其一为内径是36.0mm的环状电阻炉(外热式),另一为内径是41.5mm的石英管中插入电极,在基材上直     

自动裂解-离子色谱联用技术检测纺织等消费品中卤素和硫

介绍了一种快速高效的样品处理方法——自动裂解炉与离子色谱联用的技术,用于消费品中卤素和硫的检测。该方法融合了自动裂解炉的快速简便和离子色谱的灵敏和精确等优点,高效快速检测各种消费品中卤素和硫含量,每个样品检测时间约为20min,方法的线性、检测限、灵敏度均达到要求。对所列举的消费品进行分析结果RSD均10%。     

基于情感化设计的家居灯饰产品设计研究

目的从情感化设计的角度出发,以家居灯饰产品为研究对象,基于用户情感化需求诠释家居灯饰产品的交互新方式,唤醒用户对家居灯饰产品的新认识。方法以加强用户与产品之间的情感交流为切入点,对情感化设计中的本能层、行为层和反思层进行研究,通过用户体验数据挖掘出家居灯饰情感化需求,根据用户需求从造型、功能和使用方式3个维度进行用户需求模型构建,最终建立家居灯饰产品的用户需求模型,并以模型构建结果指导具体的家居灯饰产品设计应用实例。结论通过对情感化设计的理论研究为家居灯饰产品的设计提供新思路,并将研究成果应用于家居灯饰产品的设计研究中,可以为其他同类产品的创新设计提供参考。     

Photoalignment and Surface‐Relief‐Grating Formation are Efficiently Combined in Low‐Molecular‐Weight Halogen‐Bonded Complexes

It is demonstrated that halogen bonding can be used to construct low‐molecular‐weight supramolecular complexes with unique light‐responsive properties. In particular, halogen bonding drives the formation of a photoresponsive liquid‐crystalline complex between a non‐mesogenic halogen bond‐donor molecule incorporating an azo group, and a non‐mesogenic alkoxystilbazole moiety, acting as a halogen bond‐acceptor. Upon irradiation with polarized light, the complex exhibits a high degree of photoinduced anisotropy (order parameter of molecular alignment > 0.5). Moreover, efficient photoinduced surface‐relief‐grating (SRG) formation occurs upon irradiation with a light interference pattern, with a surface‐modulation depth 2.4 times the initial film thickness. This is the first report on a halogen‐bonded photoresponsive low‐molecular‐weight complex, which furthermore combines a high degree of photoalignment and extremely efficient SRG formation in a unique way. This study highlights the potential of halogen bonding as a new tool for the rational design of high‐performance photoresponsive suprastructures.     

LED照明产品设计研究

在现代照明领域, LED被称为第4代光源.由于LED技术特性和设计特点自成一格,具有鲜明特色和品质,因此被业内专家预测将是取代白炽灯、荧光灯等传统灯具的最具有竞争力的新型照明产品.对LED照明产品的设计研究,必将对灯具照明产品的可持续发展以及设计创新将产生积极影响和重要的应用推广价值.     

The Design of Incandescent Lamps for Kine and Slide Projection

In spite of certain limitations the incandescent lamp has held its place as the most popular light source for kine and slide projection. Development of improved lamp types has been continuous and is now more active than ever before. The external demand for more light on the screen has created a trend towards extra low voltage lamps together with a tendency to build the condenser system into the lamp. A practical understanding of the “tungsten halogen” cycle has provided lamps which have a higher efficiency, higher colour temperature and complete absence of light loss through life; these are steadily superseding conventional lamp types. By careful matching of lamp design and projection optics the new techniques have given levels of illumination which are in some cases only limited by the danger of overheating the film in the gate. This obstacle can be surmounted by embodying within the lamp system a dichroic mirror reflecting only the visible component of the radiated energy through the film. The recent emergence of a new 8mm film format has provided an opportunity for a re-thinking of lamp design in which each of these new technologies can play an important part     

Energy characteristics of a high-temperature ir radiator

Results are presented on the temperatures of the heated body and fused-silica envelope for a high-temperature IR emitter of new design based on a halogen filament lamp.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 633–637, April, 1984.     

LED照明的杂散光分析与散热研究

针对LED照明杂散光的形成原因和处理方法,以及LED照明系统散热问题的产生和结温对灯具寿命和发光率的影响,完善LED照明灯具的设计,利用照明灯具的特点,以目前LED照明灯具采用的散热方式和杂散光的处理形式为基准,采用对比测试的方法对灯具样品进行检验测试。通过对检测结果的分析,解决了LED照明的散热设计中涉及到的关键问题。     

Halogen Interaction Effects on Chiral Self-Assemblies on Cyclodipeptide Scaffolds Across Hierarchy

How halogenation affects protein or peptide folding and self-assembly hierarchically? This study tries to answer this question by using the halogen bonding mediated self-assemblies on cyclodipeptide scaffolds. Single-functionalized cyclodipeptides (Cyclo-GX) based on para-halogenated phenylalanine in the solid state form homochiral helical nanotubes via consecutive X···O bonds (X = Cl, Br, and I) independent of halogen kinds. In contrast, double-functionalized cyclodipeptides (Cyclo-XX) feature versatile self-assembly architectures depending on the para-substituents (X = H, F, Cl, Br, and I), affording nanotubular, lamellar, and triple helical nanotubular architectures. Cyclo-BrBr exclusively adopts intramolecular Type-IV X···X interaction that alters the molecular folding and packing, which also gives rise to opposite chirality at molecular folding (secondary structure), stacking (tertiary structure), and self-assembled nanohelices (quarternary structure) at macroscopic scale. It unveils how halogenation impacts on the self-assembly and chirality at hierarchical levels in specific peptides. Clusteroluminescence is found for the cyclodipeptides, achieving high quantum yield up to 71%, whereby circularly polarized luminescence is realized with tunable handedness by controlling halogen substituents.     

Efficiency simulations of thin film chalcogenide photovoltaic cells for different indoor lighting conditions

Photovoltaic (PV) energy is an efficient natural energy source for outdoor applications. However, for indoor applications, the efficiency of PV cells is much lower. Typically, the light intensity under artificial lighting conditions is less than 10 W/m² as compared to 100-1000 W/m² under outdoor conditions. Moreover, the spectrum is different from the outdoor solar spectrum. In this context, the question arises whether thin film chalcogenide photovoltaic cells are suitable for indoor use. This paper contributes to answering that question by comparing the power output of different thin film chalcogenide solar cells with the classical crystalline silicon cell as reference. The comparisons are done by efficiency simulation based on the quantum efficiencies of the solar cells and the light spectra of typical artificial light sources i.e. an LED lamp, a “warm” and a “cool” fluorescent tube and a common incandescent and halogen lamp, which are compared to the outdoor AM 1.5 spectrum as reference.     

Heat Transfer in Fast Linear Annealing for Direct Bonding of SOI Wafer Pairs

A novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) manufacturing method, the fast linear annealing (FLA) method, is proposed. In the fast linear annealing method, a halogen lamp moves with a constant speed above a silicon wafer pair prebonded by the hydrogen interaction. In order to optimize the processing parameters such as the initial heat treatment time and the moving speed of the halogen lamp, bonding strengths were measured when the moving speed varies in the range of 0.05–0.5 mm · s⁻¹. The temperature distribution of SOI is analyzed numerically by using a finite difference method. The SOI is modeled two-dimensionally, and the alternate direction implicit (ADI) technique is used for the calculation of the temperature. The calculation results show that the SOI reaches a steady-state temperature distribution in an elapsed time of 380 s of halogen lamp irradiation. The maximum temperature of SOI does not vary significantly as the moving speed of the halogen lamp increases. These results agree with the measurement results, which show that the bonding strength from the high-speed anneal (0.5 mm · s⁻¹) was of similar strength to that from the slow speed (0.05 mm · s⁻¹) process.Paper presented at the Seventh Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference, August 23–28, 2004, Hefei and Huangshan, Anhui, P. R. China     

新型智能路灯照明调控系统

路灯照明光源通常是高压钠灯和汞灯,调控设备具有变压与稳压的双重功能,通过控制电路和时控电路,实现最优化的智能控制。智能照明调控装置,通过补偿变压器、多抽头变压器,实现主回路输出电压的增减。智能照明调控设备结合节能产品的优点,并克服存存的缺陷。