常压等离子体表面亲水化改性聚丙烯薄膜

采用常压等离子体表面处理聚丙烯薄膜,通过接触角考察氩气、氧气及处理时间、放电电压对聚丙烯表面亲水性的影响.同时比较不同条件下处理的聚丙烯薄膜接触角憎水性恢复现象.研究发现:聚丙烯薄膜表面经常压等离子体处理后,接触角显著下降,氧气较氩气条件下更低;随放电电压增高,处理时间延长,接触角呈下降趋势,最终稳定于一极小值;在氧气氛围中处理时间的延长有利于减轻接触角恢复程度,从而可获得较高的、稳定的亲水性聚丙烯薄膜.结果表明:常压等离子体是聚合物表面亲水化改性的简单有效的处理技术.     

碱性电池隔膜用丙纶非织造布的等离子体改性

利用低温等离子体技术对碱性电池隔膜用丙纶非织造布进行表面改性处理,探讨了影响电池隔膜性能的因素,利用红外光谱、扫描电镜对材料表面性能进行了表征分析。结果表明,不同气体的等离子体对丙纶非织造布进行表面处理的最佳工作参数放电气体、放电功率、放电时间、工作压强分别为:氩气,70 W,3 min,15 Pa;氧气,120 W,3 min,30 Pa;空气,100 W,3 min,50 Pa。通过等离子体表面活化处理,在丙纶表面引入了亲水性基团,同时产生了刻蚀,丙纶非织造布的吸碱速率可提高至每10 min 8 cm左右,吸碱率提高至250%,面电阻大幅降低至8 Ω/cm2左右。     

冷等离子体处理对木材胶接性能的影响

为了进一步提高木材的胶接性能,采用冷等离子体处理法对木材表面进行处理,并对处理前后木材表面的化学组成、胶接性能等进行了测定。结果表明:经N2冷等离子体处理后,木材表面的氧/碳原子浓度比增加,产生了大量含氧官能团或过氧化物,同时引入了N元素,推测有-NH2生成;经冷等离子体处理后,木材的最大胶接强度提高了20%左右;胶接强度的增幅与处理气体的类型有关,在其它条件保持不变的情况下,各种气体的表面处理效果依次为氧气氨气氮气氩气。     

氩气对高功率MPCVD制备金刚石膜的影响

本文使用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)法在传统的CH4/H2氛围下沉积金刚石膜,加入辅助气体氩气提升金刚石膜质量,探究低浓度氩气对金刚石膜的影响。     

氩气对高功率MPCVD制备金刚石膜的影响

本文使用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)法在传统的CH4/H2氛围下沉积金刚石膜,加入辅助气体氩气提升金刚石膜质量,探究低浓度氩气对金刚石膜的影响。     

PHBV/PCL静电纺纤维膜的低温等离子处理研究

采用氮气和氦气作为处理气氛,对聚羟基丁酸羟基戊酸共聚酯(PHBV)/聚己内酯(PCL)静电纺纤维膜进行等离子体表面改性处理,以改善纤维膜的亲水性。通过接触角测试表征其亲水性,探讨了等离子体处理工艺对亲水性的影响;用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪测定纤维膜的表面基团含量,对比氮气和氦气的处理效果;用扫描电镜测试纤维膜表面的微观形态变化。结果表明:PHBV/PCL纤维膜在氮气和氦气气氛下,经等离子体处理对纤维膜的亲水性改善效果显著,氮气的处理效果优于氦气;随着处理功率或处理时间的增加,纤维膜的亲水性呈现先增强后减弱的趋势;在氮气气氛,处理功率30 W,时间2 min条件下,等离子体处理对纤维膜的表面有一定的刻蚀作用,且随着处理功率的增加而趋于明显,但纤维膜的质量损失不显著。     

气氛对降膜介质阻挡放电反应器降解甲基橙的影响

以偶氮染料甲基橙为对象,研究使用降膜介质阻挡放电(DBD)反应器在不同放电气体(氩气、空气、氧气)下的处理效果。结果表明:氧气作DBD放电气氛时,甲基橙处理效果最佳,氩气次之,空气最差。O3、H_2O_2、·OH这3种活性氧粒子对于甲基橙氧化降解起着至关重要的作用,氧气放电体系内3种活性粒子的含量远高于空气放电体系;氩气放电体系内的H_2O_2含量最高;空气放电体系还检测到大量的对甲基橙降解不利的NO_3~-、NO_2~-。     

低温等离子体对聚酯织物改性效果研究

运用氧气低温等离子体对聚酯织物进行处理，对聚酯纤维及其织物在经处理前后染色过程、染色效果及表面性质、超分子结构的变化进行了讨论。证明氧气低温等离子体可以有效地提高分散染料对聚酯织物的初染率及平衡上染率，并使染色效果具有深色效应；同时，氧气低温等离子体还可以明显提高聚酯织物的亲水性和其纤维大分子柔顺性，使织物的吸水性明显增强，纤维的结晶度和取向度下降。     

膜吸收系统尾气全分析方法的改进

讨论了对膜吸收系统尾气中各组分的测定方法的改进，解决了用氩气做载气时导致氢气峰覆盖氧气峰的问题。     

聚酯纤维的低温等离子体表面改性

探讨了聚酯纤维氩气低温等离子体处理的工作条件及处理后纤维的性能和表面形态。结果表明 ,在本实验条件下 ,聚酯纤维经氩气低温等离子体处理后 ,表面形成刻蚀 ,吸湿性明显提高 ,其力学性能和热性能变化不大     

Temperature-dependent gas transport performance of vertically aligned carbon nanotube/parylene composite membranes

A novel composite membrane consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and parylene was successfully fabricated. Seamless filling of the spaces in CNT forests with parylene was achieved by a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique and followed with the Ar/O₂ plasma etching to expose CNT tips. Transport properties of various gases through the CNT/parylene membranes were explored. And gas permeances were independent on feed pressure in accordance with the Knudsen model, but the permeance values were over 60 times higher than that predicted by the Knudsen diffusion kinetics, which was attributed to specular momentum reflection inside smooth CNT pores. Gas permeances and enhancement factors over the Knudsen model firstly increased and then decreased with rising temperature, which confirmed the existence of non-Knudsen transport. And surface adsorption diffusion could affect the gas permeance at relatively low temperature. The gas permeance of the CNT/parylene composite membrane could be improved by optimizing operating temperature.     

Tailoring surface properties of cellulose acetate membranes by low‐pressure plasma processing

The aim of this study was to tailor the surface properties of cellulose acetate membranes using low‐pressure plasma processing. Argon (Ar) plasma and Difluoromethane (CH₂F₂) plasma were used to control the surface wettabilities of cellulose acetate membranes. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to examine the various chemical species of low‐pressure plasma processing. In this investigation, the plasma‐treated surfaces were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while changes in morphology and surface roughness were determined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Ar plasma activation resulted in hydrophilic surface. CH₂F₂ plasma deposited hydrophobic layer onto the cellulose acetate membrane because of strong fluorination of the top layer. The results reveal low‐pressure plasma processing is an effective method to control the surface properties of cellulose acetate membranes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

蔗渣碱本素低温等离子体处理研究

从蔗渣纸浆黑液中分离提纯出蔗渣碱木素，然后在Ar．N_2及O_2等不同气氛下进行低温等离子体处理，得处理残存物及裂解产物。分析结果表明，在等离子体处理过程中，蔗渣碱木素有新的自由基生成．其含量随不同气氛而异，顺序为O_2＞N_2＞Ar；蔗渣碱木素处理残存物有O．N等元素嵌入，其玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性能提高；蔗渣碱木素苯丙烷基结构单元的侧链容易断裂，其木素裂解产物有较高的O和N等元素含量。     

聚酰亚胺在微电子领域的处理方法

在微电子封装领域,采用等离子体处理聚酰亚胺(PI),主要考察粗糙度、润湿性及刻蚀速率3个指标。改变PI层粗糙度主要依靠粒子的物理轰击而改变表面微观形貌来实现。随着时间累加,Ar等离子体对PI层轰击作用逐渐增强。改变PI层润湿性主要依靠O2等离子体与PI反应,在PI表面产生OH,进而提高PI层亲水性。随着O2等离子体处理时间增大,水滴角先是逐渐下降,90 s后水滴角基本保持不变。提高PI层的刻蚀速率主要通过在O2中添加四氟化碳(CF4)实现。随着O2中CF4的含量增加,PI的刻蚀速率逐渐增大,并在CF4含量达到20%时,刻蚀速率达到最大,随后刻蚀速率逐渐降低。     

气氛、温度对煤热解过程中NH3和HCN释放的影响

为了实现煤的洁净转化,研究煤热解过程中N转移的机理,实验在固定床反应器上采用程序升温法对云南煤在不同温度下进行了氩、甲烷、15%水蒸气/氩和15%水蒸气/甲烷气氛下的煤加氢热解研究,主要对热解过程中产生的No2主要前驱物NH3和HCN的释放规律进行了考察,实验表明云南煤热解释放的NH3随热解温度的升高而增加,但是HCN...     

Surface modification of polypropylene membrane by low‐temperature plasma treatment

Microporous polypropylene membranes were low temperature plasma treated with acrylic acid and allylamine. Parameters of plasma treatment were examined and optimized for the enhancement of membrane performance properties. Excess power damaged the membrane surface and excess monomer flow rate increased the reactor pressure to interfere with the glow discharge. Longer plasma treatment time resulted in even more plasma coating and micropore blocking. The contact angle with water decreased and wettabilities increased with the increase of plasma treatment time. Deposition of the plasma polymer on the membrane surface was confirmed by FTIR/ATR spectra of the treated surface. In determining the flux, the hydrophilicity of the surface played a role as important as that of the micropore size. Adequate plasma treatment could enhance both water flux and solute removal efficiency. Results from the BSA (bovine serum albumin) solution test confirmed that fouling was greatly reduced after the plasma treatment. The BSA solution flux through the plasma‐treated membranes depended on pH, whereas pH variation had no serious effects on the untreated membrane. Modification of the surface charge by the plasma treatment should exert a substantial influence on the adsorption and removal of BSA. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1555–1566, 2001     

Surface modification of polysulfone membranes by low‐temperature plasma–graft poly(ethylene glycol) onto polysulfone membranes

A novel and general method of modifying hydrophobic polysulfone (PSF) to produce highly hydrophilic surfaces was developed. This method is the low‐temperature plasma technique. Graft polymer‐modified surfaces were characterized with the help of Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR–ATR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Study results demonstrated that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) could be grafted onto the PSF membrane surface by low‐temperature plasma. The hydrophilic character of the modified surfaces was increased in comparison with that of the parent membrane. The contact angle for a modified PSF membrane was reduced apparently. We analyzed the effectiveness of this approach as a function of plasma operating variables including plasma treatment power and treatment time. Hence, plasma‐induced graft polymer modification of membranes can be used to adjust membrane performance by simultaneously controlling the surface hydrophilicity and hemocompatibility. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 979–985, 2000     

一种新型的混合导电型致密透氧膜

Perovskite type SrCo_(0.4)Fe_(o.6)O_(3-δ)(SCF) membrane and a novel perovskite-related ZrO_2 dopedSrCo_(o.4)Fe_(o.6)O_(a-δ)(SCFZ) membrane were successfully prepared by isostatic pressing.The sintered membraneswere characterized by high-temperature X-ray diffeaction (HTXRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Theoxygen permeabilities of membranes have been measured in the temperature range of 923 K to 1243K.The oxygenpermeation fiux at 1l23K and activaion energy of SCFZ membrane with the thickness of 2mm are respectively2.68×10~(-7)mol.cm~(-2).min~(-1) and 97.76kJ.mol~(-1).The results of HTXRD in argon atmosphere and the oxygen per-meation experiment indicate that the SCFZ membrane is stable at elevated temperature and low oxygen partialpressure.     

提高聚氨酯泡沫塑料表面涂层附着力的方法

采用溶剂擦试法、原子灰腻子刮涂、Ar∧ 直流等离子体表面处理法以及Ar/O2射频等离子体表面处理法等几种不同的表面处理方法,不同程度地提高了聚氨酯泡沫塑料（PUF）与聚氨酯涂层的附着力。刮涂腻子表面改性简单易行,适用性强,射频Ar/O2等离子体表面改性效果较好,但需专用设备。