富氧燃烧下水蒸气对矿物捕集铬的影响

通过沉降炉煤燃烧实验及动力学模拟研究了水蒸气对Cr转化行为的作用及水蒸气对矿物吸附剂捕集Cr的影响。研究表明,CaO及Fe_2O_3在空气及富氧燃烧下均能较好地捕获Cr蒸气,石灰石的作用远差于CaO及Fe_2O_3,高岭土无论空气还是富氧燃烧下对捕集Cr均无效果。动力学模拟表明H_2O促进Cr(III)快速转化为高价Cr蒸气Cr O(OH)2、CrO_2(OH)及CrO_2(OH)2。富氧燃烧下H_2O抑制了CaO与Cr的反应,但燃烧灰中六价铬化合物大量增加,特别是当H_2O与CaO同时存在时,灰中43%的铬为六价铬。水蒸气促进了Fe_2O_3捕集铬化合物使其固定在灰中。富氧燃烧下水蒸气促进Cr在煤灰中富集,随着H_2O浓度由8%升高至20%,灰中铬的富集率又下降,主要由于水蒸气对CaO捕集Cr的抑制作用。     

Er~(3+)对铬酵母中总铬和有机铬含量的影响

采用在培养基中添加重稀土元素铒(Er3+)的方法制备了稀土铬酵母,研究了在培养基麦芽汁中Er3+的质量分数分别为0 00050%、0 00075%、0 0010%和0 00125%时对铬酵母中铬含量的影响。研究结果表明,Er3+能够有效提高铬酵母中总铬和有机铬的含量,当在培养基中添加0 0010%Er3+时,所得稀土铬酵母中的总铬和有机铬含量最高,其质量分数分别达到了0 054%和0 051%,与普通铬酵母相比,其有机铬含量提高了3倍以上。通过紫外光谱分析,发现铬酵母在260nm处有特征吸收峰,而加Er3+的铬酵母样品在此处的吸收峰显著增强,说明稀土铬酵母中葡萄糖耐量因子的含量显著增加。     

新型铬化学品——有机铬研究进展

三价铬是哺乳动物必需的微量元素之一,多种具有生物活性的有机铬产品相继被研制开发,其生物应用也逐渐成为业内关注的热点之一。基于此,本文综述了国内外有机铬化学品的研究进展情况,分析了有机铬螯合物中配体的性质,详细介绍了有机铬产品的种类、性质、制备方法和生物学功能,包括吡啶酸铬、芳香族有机酸铬、脂肪族有机酸铬、氨基酸铬以及其它有机铬络合物,并提出新型有机铬的开发是铬盐深加工的重要方向,旨在为新型铬化学品研发和铬化工行业铬系产品工程拓展提供有益参考。     

富氧燃烧下水蒸气对矿物捕集铬的影响

通过沉降炉煤燃烧实验及动力学模拟研究了水蒸气对Cr转化行为的作用及水蒸气对矿物吸附剂捕集Cr的影响。研究表明,CaO及Fe₂O₃在空气及富氧燃烧下均能较好地捕获Cr蒸气,石灰石的作用远差于CaO及Fe₂O₃,高岭土无论空气还是富氧燃烧下对捕集Cr均无效果。动力学模拟表明H₂O促进Cr（Ⅲ）快速转化为高价Cr蒸气CrO（OH）₂、CrO₂（OH）及CrO₂（OH）₂。富氧燃烧下H₂O抑制了CaO与Cr的反应,但燃烧灰中六价铬化合物大量增加,特别是当H₂O与CaO同时存在时,灰中43%的铬为六价铬。水蒸气促进了Fe₂O₃捕集铬化合物使其固定在灰中。富氧燃烧下水蒸气促进Cr在煤灰中富集,随着H₂O浓度由8%升高至20%,灰中铬的富集率又下降,主要由于水蒸气对CaO捕集Cr的抑制作用。     

磷酸三丁酯萃淋树脂分离与GFAAS法联用测定水与废水中的铬和铬

提出了以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)萃淋树脂分离富集铬(Ⅵ)的方法,对TBP萃淋树脂为柱填料分离富集铬(Ⅵ)的介质、酸度、洗脱条件及干扰行为等进行了详细研究.在大量实验基础上,建立空白实验、准确度质量控制图,以便定期对各种监测数据提供可行的质量保证措施.结果表明在1%的盐酸介质中,TBP萃淋树脂能定量吸附铬(Ⅵ),配以石墨炉原子吸收法测定达到分别测定铬(Ⅵ)和铬(Ⅲ)之目的.方法快速简便,试样无需经过复杂的前处理,方法检出限为2 μg/L,对含铬5 μg/L的试样测得方法的变异系数为5.5%,标准回收率为95%～105%.     

高碳铬铁制备氢氧化铬的研究

以高碳铬铁合金粉为原料,经过硫酸高温搅拌浸出,通过草酸除铁法除铁后得到含杂质量低的硫酸铬溶液,然后用碳酸氢铵调节硫酸铬溶液pH得到氢氧化铬沉淀.研究了溶液中铬离子浓度、反应温度、pH以及各种添加剂对铬(Ⅲ)的沉淀回收率及氢氧化铬沉淀过滤性的影响.通过实验得到溶液中铬(Ⅲ)回收的最佳条件:反应温度为85 ℃、溶液中铬(Ⅲ)质量浓度为10 g/L、pH=6.5、搅拌强度为200 r/min.在此条件下铬(Ⅲ)的回收率高达99%,并且氢氧化铬沉淀具有较好的过滤性, 滤液中铬质量浓度达0.001 5 g/L,完全可达到国家排放标准,具有一定的工业实用价值.     

铬(Ⅲ)-纳米金刚石复合电镀的研究进展

综述了铬(Ⅲ)-纳米金刚石复合电镀机理,以及纳米金刚石在水介质中分散改性和三价铬电镀研究进展。阐述了纳米金刚石铬复合电镀溶液的配制过程以及镀铬的工艺流程,镀层通过扫描电镜、显微硬度和摩擦力矩等进行表征。指出了应用及制备过程中存在的主要问题,为今后的研究提出了建议。     

离子交换树脂分离富集Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的研究和应用

文章较系统地研究了201×8阴离子交换树脂、HD-8阳离子交换树脂分离富集Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的最佳条件,探讨了洗脱液的选择,减压微型交换柱对铬的富集倍率和富集限,Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的淋洗曲线,有机物存在对Cr(Ⅲ)回收的影响以及共存离子的最大允许量,最后还结合二苯碳酰二肼光度法用水样分别上阴柱和阳柱测定了西湖水和自来水中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的含量,水样中Cr(Ⅵ)加标回收率在97%～99%。     

有机物存在下水体中三价铬的去除

通过对多种有机物如草酸、柠檬酸,柠檬酸钠,酒石酸钾钠,草酸铵、柠檬酸三铵、酒石酸,EDTA分别存在下,对水体铬(Ⅲ)去除影响对比,选择酒石酸、草酸、柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠作为共存有机物,氢氧化钙或氢氧化钠做沉淀剂,三氯化铝或三氯化铁为共沉淀剂,研究水体铬(Ⅲ)去除情况,并对铬去除及影响机理进行了探讨.结果表明,所选有机物的存在,不同程度地影响水体中三价铬的去除,三氯化铝和三氯化铁的存在,有助于水体中三价铬在有机物存在情况下的去除,且多数情况下,三氯化铝的共沉淀效果好于三氯化铁.Ca(OH)2、NaOH的最佳用量为理论用量的150%,且Ca(OH)2的沉淀效果好于NaOH.     

铬(Ⅲ)的新显色剂的探索

用二苯卡巴肼作显色剂比色测定微量铬时,它与铬(Ⅵ)作用形成紫红色络合物,反应的灵敏度比较高,选择性也好,已广泛用于钢铁等物质中铬的测定。但此法也存在着一些问题。因此,最近十几年来有人研究了铬(Ⅲ)与有机显色剂的反应,发现不少常见的有机显色剂都能与铬(Ⅲ)直接作用,     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。