某型高聚物粘结炸药制备工艺研究

为了系统研究不同工艺条件对炸药包覆效果的影响,以 HMX 为单质炸药,采用"溶液水悬浮"法工艺制备某新型高聚物粘结炸药(PBX),分析了分散剂、搅拌速度、温度和蒸馏时间等工艺条件对 HMX 单质炸药包覆效果的影响.试验结果表明:影响包覆效果与包覆药感度的主要因素为分散剂、搅拌速度、温度及钝感剂的加入方式.制备某新型高聚物粘结炸药较佳的工艺条件为:加入分散剂、造粒温度65 ℃、搅拌速度300 r/min、蒸馏时间30 min、钝感剂外包覆.     

水性聚氨酯乳液破乳法包覆钝感ε-HNIW的影响因素

采用水性聚氨酯乳液破乳法包覆了ε-HNIW。通过正交实验L9(34)和单因素实验,对影响包覆效果及产品感度的诸多因素进行了分析,结果表明,影响因素大小顺序为温度、溶剂添加量、破乳剂溶液添加量及搅拌速度,其中温度的选择和溶剂用量直接关系到最终产品的粒度及包覆效果,最佳的工艺条件是破乳温度为45℃,溶剂与聚氨酯质量比为8∶1,破乳剂溶液与聚氨酯质量比为4∶1,搅拌速度为300r.min-1。表面活性剂要在破乳之后添加才能有效控制粒度并防止颗粒间团聚,在破乳前添加会影响破乳结果。在最佳工艺条件下制备的包覆产品为小球型颗粒,表面聚氨酯包覆均匀,特性落高H50比未包覆的ε-HNIW提高了22cm。     

超临界RESS法包覆超细RDX工艺

采用超临界流体RESS法对超细黑索今(RDX)进行了包覆,研究了不同系统温度、溶液浓度、系统压力对包覆后超细RDX造型粉效果的影响,并对其进行撞击感度测试.结果表明,系统温度45℃以上,造型粉颗粒之间氟橡胶粘结在一起,分散性较差;氟橡胶浓度0.4 g/mL以上,其造型粉颗粒尺寸增大;系统压力降低到1 2 MPa以下,颗...     

海因/三嗪类复合键合剂包覆黑索今的研究

采用水-溶液悬浮法,对海因/三嗪类复合键合剂包覆RDX进行了实验研究.通过L9(34)正交实验研究了反应时间、反应温度、键合剂用量和搅拌速度对包覆度的影响规律,并利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS )、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、感度实验等对包覆后的RDX进行表征.正交实验确定的最佳包覆条件: 10 g RDX,反应时间90 min,反应温度50 ℃,键合剂用量0.3 g, 搅拌速度700 r·min-1,包覆度达87%.包覆后RDX表面明亮有光泽,包覆厚度约为0.2 μm.红外光谱中NO2基团的吸收峰红移22 cm-1至1510 cm-1,且吸收带展宽.热分解峰温升高0.4 ℃,撞击感度特性落高提高4.5 cm.     

造型粉包覆质量表征及其对机械感度的影响

为了掌握降感机理,降低压装塑料黏结剂炸药(PBX)机械感度,采用XPS、EDX等方法对炸药造型粉的表面包覆质量进行了表征方法研究,通过测试表面元素含量,进行了造型粉表面包覆度计算,并对包覆度对机械感度的影响规律进行了研究分析。结果表明,造型粉表面的包覆度可以半定量地表征造型粉表面的包覆质量,而且还可用于研究同系列配方造型粉的机械感度;包覆度越高,机械感度相应越低,因此通过优化造粒工艺提高包覆度,可降低配方的机械感度。     

丁羟推进剂RDX填料表面包覆对其安全性能的影响研究

为了降低HTPB/RDX复合推进剂的机械感度,以一种高聚物(HP-2)为主要包覆剂,采用相分离法对其RDX填料进行了表面包覆.通过SEM、XPS及粒度分析仪对样品的包覆效果进行了表征,对包覆前后样品及推进剂的撞击感度、摩擦感度和热安定性进行了测试和分析.结果表明:和未包覆的RDX相比,经过适当包覆的样品撞击感度和摩擦感度都得到了明显降低,撞击感度特性落高升高了15.1cm,摩擦感度爆炸概率由92%降低到24%.采用这种表面包覆过的RDX制得的推进剂的撞击感度和摩擦感度也明显降低,撞击感度特性落高由51.04cm升高到62.24cm,摩擦感度爆炸概率由100%降低到72%.并对高聚物HP-2包覆的降感机理进行了分析.     

1-甲基咪唑硝酸盐辅助直接硝解法制备降感RDX

考察了离子盐1-甲基咪唑硝酸盐(NO₃)辅助直接硝解乌洛托品(HA)制备黑索今(RDX)的结晶工艺条件。研究了搅拌速度、结晶温度、NO₃用量、滴水速度对RDX晶形的影响。用扫描电镜和撞击感度仪分析、表征了其晶形和感度。结果表明,最佳结晶工艺条件为: NO₃与HA的物质的量之比为0.015,水的滴加速度1滴/40 s,搅拌速度800 r·min-1,结晶过程温度10～70 ℃。该工艺条件下所得RDX粒度均匀,形状规整,呈八面体型。按GJB772A-1997-601.1方法,测得其爆炸概率为17%。     

硝酸重结晶法制备导爆管用黑索今研究

针对塑料导爆管对特殊粒度黑索今(RDX)的需要,采用硝酸重结晶法制备导爆管用RDX;分析了硝酸重结晶工艺中硝酸浓度、温度、搅拌等因素对结晶粒度的影响;确定了初始结晶母液的硝酸浓度。试验结果表明:通过控制工艺条件,可以使结晶出的RDX粒度得到控制;生产出的RDX产品费氏平均粒度分别为13~15μm和10~12μm;质量能满足使用厂家对RDX的要求。     

六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷包覆钝感的探索

采用挤出造粒法、溶液悬浮法、水悬浮法三种不同的工艺,选用不同的包覆材料,如氟橡胶和丁腈橡胶,对ｇ-HNIW进行了包覆,并对包覆样品进行了扫描电镜分析和机械撞击感度测试,考察了其钝感效果及包覆工艺对样品机械撞击感度的影响。通过比较,溶液悬浮法、水悬浮法工艺制备的样品机械撞击感度要比挤出造粒法的低。在所选材料中,氟橡胶F-5作为粘结剂,采用水悬浮法工艺制备得到的以HNIW为基的混合炸药的机械撞击感度最低,特性落高值为42．5cm。     

蛋白质微胶囊包覆RDX工艺参数研究

以黑索今为囊芯,水溶性蛋白质为囊壁,无水乙醇为沉降剂,采用单凝聚法制备稳定微胶囊.通过单因素实验和L16(45)正交实验研究了各工艺参数对微胶囊的合成状态和包覆度的影响规律,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行观察和表征.结果表明:蛋白质用量和乙醇滴加速度对合成状态和包覆度有显著影响;适当提高反应温度和搅拌速度有利于提高包覆度.优化的工艺条件为: pH=5.5～6.0,乙醇与水的配比为2.5∶1,RDX与蛋白质的质量配比为10∶0.3,乙醇滴加速度1mL/min,反应温度65℃,搅拌速度700r/min、乳化时间60min.包覆后的颗粒表面圆滑、有光泽、流散性好,包覆度达97%.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.