松香与甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯的酯化反应和加成反应研究

研究了松香与甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)的酯化反应和加成反应,探讨了阻聚剂、催化剂种类和用量、反应温度和原料配比等对酯化反应和加成反应的影响,并采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法和热重分析(TGA)法分别表征了产物的分子结构和酯化物的热稳定性。结果表明:松香分子中的羧基和双键分别与HEMA分子中的羟基和双键发生了酯化反应和加成反应;氧化锌是酯化反应较好的催化剂,当w(氧化锌)=1.0%(相对于松香而言)、反应温度为220℃时,有利于酯化反应的进行;HEMA用量越多,越有利于加成反应的进行;FT-IR表明已成功制取了松香与HEMA的反应产物,TGA表明该产物的热稳定性明显提高。     

松香酯及其制法

联邦德国专利DE 3,802,724介绍了松香酯的制造新方法。题述树脂具有色浅,气味淡和优良的耐热性和耐候性。制法是取纯化的(歧化的)松香,用醇酯化,然后将酯化物再氢化。例,取1kg松香(酸值172,软化点为75℃)与0.3g 5%湿钯碳     

氢化松香-丙烯酸丙三醇酯单体的合成

以氢化松香、二氯亚砜、丙三醇、丙烯酰氯为主要原料,合成了可以均聚的氢化松香-丙烯酸丙三醇酯单体.氢化松香先与二氯亚砜反应制得氢化松香酰氯,通过FTIR对反应过程进行跟踪监测;氢化松香酰氯再与丙三醇经酯化反应合成氢化松香丙三醇酯,优化的反应条件为:吡啶作溶剂、n(氢化松香酰氯):n(丙三醇)=1:2.5、反应温度110℃...     

丙烯酸氢化松香醇酯的合成和表征

将丙烯酰氯和氢化松香醇按n(羟基)∶n(酰氯)=1∶1进行酯化反应合成了丙烯酸氢化松香醇酯,分别采用FTIR、GC-MS、13CNMR和DSC对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,丙烯酸氢化松香醇酯主要由丙烯酸四氢松香酯、丙烯酸二氢松香酯、丙烯酸去氢松香酯和少量氢化松香甲酯组成,前3个组分质量分数总和为80.45%,所制备的丙烯酸氢化松香醇酯在引发剂存在下可以发生聚合反应,聚合物玻璃化温度为-28.92℃,可作为共聚物的内增塑剂。     

氢化松香GMA酯化物的合成与表征

以氢化松香(HR)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为原料,三乙胺为催化剂,对苯二酚为阻聚剂,通过溶剂法合成了氢化松香GMA酯化物(HG),采用单因素和正交试验对酯化反应条件进行优化。探讨了单体配比(n(HR)∶n(GMA))、催化剂用量、反应温度和时间对酯化物酸值和酯化率的影响。利用红外光谱对HG进行结构表征,热重分析对HG进行热稳定性测试。结果表明,成功合成了HG,且HG热稳定性较好,较佳工艺条件为n(HR)∶n(GMA)=1∶1. 2,催化剂三乙胺用量为氢化松香的0. 5 wt%,110℃反应4 h,HG酯化率达到95. 8%。在引发剂、交联剂和分散剂存在条件下,HG可与苯乙烯反应生成聚合物微球,得到的微球球形较好,且带有羟基基团。     

松香甘油酯与甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯的反应研究

松香甘油酯中的共轭双键可以与甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(HEMA)发生Diels-Alder加成发应,同时松香甘油酯具有一定的酸值,其中未反应的松香可与HEMA进行酯化反应。研究了反应温度和物料配比对加成反应和酯化反应的影响,并对产物进行了红外光谱(FT-IR)分析和热重分析。实验结果表明,反应温度升高,加成反应和酯化反应的速率会加快,230℃是理想的反应温度;随着n(HEMA)∶n(松香甘油酯)比值的增加,产物的酸值和溴值下降,当n(HEMA)∶n(松香甘油酯)=3.0∶1时,溴值(65.2 g Br/100 g)和酸值(2.95 mg KOH/g)最低;FT-IR分析表明HEMA已经连接到松香甘油酯的分子上;热重分析表明加成物的初始分解温度提高了10℃,而最终分解温度下降了11.8℃。     

氢化松香聚乙二醇柠檬酸酯的微波辅助合成

在微波辐射下,先将氢化松香与聚乙二醇进行酯化反应,合成中间体氢化松香聚乙二醇酯,再将中间体与柠檬酸进行酯化反应,合成目标产物氢化松香聚乙二醇柠檬酸酯。探讨了中间体和目标产物的合成条件, 得出中间体合成的最佳条件为:反应时间 90 min,反应温度 240℃,氢化松香与聚乙二醇的物质的量之比为1:1.6;目标产物合成的最佳条件为:反应时间 60 min,反应温度 150℃,微波功率 500 W。微波辅助法比常现加热法节省时间。利用红外光谱对中间体和目标产物进行了结构表征,并测定了它们的主要表面性能。结果表明,中间体和目标产物均为性能优良的新型非离子表面活性剂。     

改性松香季戊四醇酯在热熔压敏胶中的应用研究

以松香季戊四醇酯、歧化松香季戊四醇酯和氢化松香季戊四醇酯作增粘树脂,研究了它们对热熔压敏胶（HMPSA）外观、力学性能和使用温度范围的影响。结果表明,改性松香季戊四醇树脂与热塑性弹性体SBS具有良好的相容性;对HMPSA初粘性影响大小依次为含歧化松香季戊四醇酯＞含氢化松香季戊四醇酯＞含松香季戊四醇酯;180°剥离强度大小依次为含氢化松香季戊四醇酯＞含松香季戊四醇酯＞含歧化松香季戊四醇酯;持粘性均大于48 h。含氢化松香季戊四醇酯HMPSA的使用温度范围最宽。     

甲基丙烯酸氢化松香醇酯的合成与表征

将甲基丙烯酰氯和氢化松香醇按酰氯与羟基物质的量之比1∶1进行酯化反应合成了甲基丙烯酸氢化松香醇酯,并采用FT-IR、GC-MS、 ¹³C NMR 和DSC对其进行分析和表征。结果表明,甲基丙烯酸氢化松香醇酯主要由甲基丙烯酸四氢松香酯、甲基丙烯酸二氢松香酯、甲基丙烯酸去氢松香酯和少量氢化松香甲酯组成,前3个组分质量分数总和为 78.76 %,所制备的甲基丙烯酸氢化松香醇酯在引发剂的存在下可以发生聚合反应,其聚合活性比丙烯酸氢化松香醇酯高,均聚物玻璃化转变温度为-11.32 ℃,可作为反应型增黏树脂在压敏胶黏剂中使用。     

松香季戊四醇酯与甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯反应研究

松香季戊四醇酯（RPE）环上的共轭双键可以与甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯（HEMA）发生Diels-Alder加成发应,同时松香季戊四醇酯仍有一定酸值,其中未反应的羧基可与HEMA进行酯化反应。研究了反应温度和物料配比对RPE与HEMA反应的影响,对产物进行了红外和热重分析。结果表明：在一定的物料比下,反应温度升高,加成反应和酯化反应速度加快,反应温度提高更有利于酯化反应的进行;在一定的反应温度下,HEMA的物质的量增加,产物的酸值到一定程度不再下降,而溴值持续下降,表明有利于HEMA与RPE的加成反应。红外光谱表明将HEMA接到了RPE的分子结构上,热重分析表明产物的初始分解温度和最终分解温度有所下降。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.