Reachable set estimation for discrete‐time linear systems with time delays

This paper is concerned with the reachable set estimation problem for discrete‐time linear systems with multiple constant delays and bounded peak inputs. The objective is to check whether there exists a bounded set that contains all the system states under zero initial conditions. First, delay‐dependent conditions for the solvability of the addressed problem are derived by employing a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. The obtained conditions are expressed in terms of matrix inequalities, which are linear when only one scalar variable is fixed. On the basis of these conditions, an ellipsoid containing the reachable set of the considered system is obtained. An approach for determining the smallest ellipsoid is also provided. Second, the approach and results developed in the first stage are generalized to the case of systems with polytopic parameter uncertainties, and delay‐dependent conditions are given in the form of relaxed matrix inequalities. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The spring paradigm in tracking control of simple mechanical systems

An intrinsic formulation of geometric proportional–derivative tracking control for fully actuated mechanical systems is developed. The region of stability is determined directly from the size of the system’s injectivity radius and, for a restricted set of control problems, the system’s locus of cut points about a desired reference point. Exponential stability is obtained under certain boundedness conditions. For controlled motion along a geodesic, the proffered scheme yields a particularly simple and elegant manifestation of the underlying use of the mass–spring–damper paradigm in the control design methodology.     

Reachable set estimation for switched nonlinear positive systems with impulse and time delay

This paper deals with the reachable set estimation for the continuous‐time switched nonlinear positive systems with impulse, disturbance, and mixed time‐varying delays under the average dwell time switching. Based on a method developed in positive systems, sufficient conditions are established such that all solutions of the system converge exponentially to a ball. Both the bound of the reachable set and the convergence rate are determined explicitly. Compared with the existing result, the average dwell time given in this paper is less conservative. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.     

Optimal control of distributed bilinear systems

The optimal control problem for a bilinear distributed parameter system subject to a quadratic cost functional is solved. It is shown that the optimal control is given by a convergent power series in the state with tensor coefficients.     

Design of sliding mode controllers for bilinear systems with time varying uncertainties.

Sliding mode controllers for the bilinear systems with time varying uncertainties are developed in this paper. The bilinear coefficient matching condition which is similar to the traditional matching condition for linear system is defined for the homogeneous bilinear systems. It can be seen that the bilinear coefficient matching condition is very limited and is not generally applicable to the nonhomogeneous bilinear system. Thus, the sliding coefficient matching condition is also considered for the bilinear systems with time varying uncertainties. Then, the sufficient conditions are provided for the reaching mode of the time varying uncertain bilinear systems to be guaranteed by the designed sliding mode controllers. Moreover, the stability of the uncertain bilinear systems with the sliding mode controller is discussed. Simulation results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed sliding mode controllers.     

分数阶时变切换系统有限时间异步控制

针对一类时变切换系统,当考虑子系统具有分数阶(Fractional Order)特性时,提出了一种基于模型依赖平均驻留时间方法的有限时间稳定性条件及异步切换控制策略.借助Caputo分数阶导数引理和切换Lyapunov函数,利用矩阵不等式技术提出了分数阶时变切换系统有限时间稳定的充分条件.将有限时间稳定的结果进一步推广到有限时间有界的情形,利用平均驻留时间思想提出了分数阶时变切换系统有限时间有界的充分条件,基于该条件设计了系统的异步切换控制器.所给出的设计方法将系统异步切换控制问题转化为矩阵不等式组的求解问题.通过数值仿真验证了所提控制方法的有效性.     

Efficient robust constrained model predictive control with a time varying terminal constraint set

An efficient robust constrained model predictive control algorithm with a time varying terminal constraint set is developed for systems with model uncertainty and input constraints. The approach is novel in that it off-line constructs a continuum of terminal constraint sets and on-line achieves robust stability by using a relatively short control horizon (even N=0) with a time varying terminal constraint set. This algorithm not only dramatically reduces the on-line computation but also significantly enlarges the size of the allowable set of initial conditions. Moreover, this control scheme retains the unconstrained optimal performance in the neighborhood of the equilibrium. The controller design is illustrated through a benchmark problem.     

Controllability of discrete time inhomogeneous bilinear systems

In this paper we derive a set of conditions which are both necessary and sufficient for complete controllability of a class of inhomogeneous discrete time bilinear systems.     

Reachable set estimation for switched positive systems

This paper focuses on the problem of reachable set estimation for discrete-time switched positive systems under two possible classes of exogenous disturbance. The multiple linear copositive Lyapunov function approach is applied to determine the bounding hyper-pyramids for the reachable set. Based on some Lyapunov-based inequalities and the linear version of the S-procedure technique, the bounding hyper-pyramids for the reachable set can be determined by solving a set of inequalities. Two optimisation methods are adopted to make the bounding hyper-pyramids as small as possible. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilised to search for the optimal value of the decision variables in the obtained inequalities. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical findings.     

不确定线性系统的可达集估计

本文针对线性不确定系统,研究了系统状态可达集估计问题.在已知参考输入,未知扰动有界的条件下,提出了一种新的可达集估计方法,并把所提方法推广到系统不稳定的情况,分别估计出不稳定系统的闭环可达集和开环可达集.通过分析动态系统的李雅普诺夫函数,将求取系统可达集的问题转化为线性矩阵不等式优化问题,并将可达集范围用椭球集形式表述.最后分别通过数值仿真分析,验证了所提出方法对线性系统可达集估计的有效性.     

非线性时变系统的自耦PID控制方法

针对一类非线性时变系统的控制问题,使用了一种基于自耦PID的控制理论方法.该方法首先将时变不确定、模型不确定定义为一个扩张状态,并将非线性时变系统映射为未知线性系统;然后使用自耦PID控制方法构造了一个闭环系统;最后在复频域分析了闭环系统的鲁棒稳定性和抗扰动鲁棒性.理论分析与仿真结果都表明了本文控制方法具有良好的动态品质和稳态性能,在未知复杂系统控制领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

Tracking of non-square nonlinear continuous time systems with piecewise constant model predictive control

The paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for continuous-time, possibly non-square nonlinear systems. The algorithm guarantees the tracking of asymptotically constant reference signals by means of a control scheme were the integral action is directly imposed on the error variables rather than on the control moves. The plant under control, the state and control constraints and the performance index to be minimized are described in continuous time, while the manipulated variables are allowed to change at fixed and uniformly distributed sampling times. The algorithm is used to control a continuous fermenter where the manipulated variables are the dilution rate and the feed substrate concentration while the controlled variable is the biomass concentration.     

受扰动2-D线性时变系统的迭代学习控制

利用2-D系统理论的Roesser模型,给出了受扰动的线性时变离散系统迭代学习控制(ILC)问题的一种解决方法.对系统所受的已知扰动,给出其学习律参数的选取范围以及仅经一次迭代就能实现输出完全跟踪期望轨迹的参数选取方法;对系统所受的未知扰动,首先对SISO系统提出其学习律存在的条件及参数选取方法,进而推广到MIMO系统中,提出MIMO系统学习律的参数选取方法.最后给出两个数值例子进一步说明所得结果的有效性.     

Deterministic and stochastic control of discrete-time bilinear systems

Optimal control of a class of time invariant single-input, discrete bilinear systems is investigated in this paper. Both deterministic and stochastic problems are considered.

In the deterministic problem, for the initial state in a certain set ∑₀, the solution is the same as the solution to the associated linear system. The optimal path may be a regular path or a singular path.

The stochastic control problem is considered with perfect state observation, and additive and multiplicative noise in the state equation. It is demonstrated that the presence of noise simplifies the analysis compared to that in the determinstic case.     

A separation principle for bilinear systems with dissipative drift

Input-output stabilization of a class of bilinear systems using a nonlinear stabilizing feedback control law together with an observer, is studied. In some cases, it can be proved that the result is a globally asymptotically stable system     

Observation of bilinear systems with application to biological control

In this paper a system of bilinear equations is derived which under appropriate conditions model the microbial cellgrowth and product formation of various waste treatment and fermentation systems. Given the available measurements, the problem of obtaining an asymptotic estimate of the state of the system is considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the observability of a general system of bilinear equations are also derived. As accurate biological sensors do not often exist the results are significant for the on-line control of these biological processes.     

Power-based control of physical systems

It is well known that energy-balancing control is stymied by the presence of pervasive dissipation. To overcome this problem in electrical circuits, the alternative paradigm of power shaping was introduced in Ortega, Jeltsema, and Scherpen (2003) —where, as suggested by its name, stabilization is achieved shaping a function akin to the power instead of the energy function. In this paper we extend this technique to general nonlinear systems. The method relies on the solution of a PDE, which identifies the open-loop storage function. We show through some physical examples, that the power-shaping methodology yields storage functions which have units of power. To motivate the application of this control technique we illustrate the procedure with two case studies: a tunnel diode circuit and a two-tanks system.     

On controllability and near-controllability of discrete-time inhomogeneous bilinear systems without drift

In this paper, controllability and near-controllability of discrete-time inhomogeneous bilinear systems without drift are studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions for controllability and near-controllability of the systems are respectively presented. In particular, algorithms for computing the control inputs to achieve the transition of a given pair of states for the controllable systems and nearly controllable systems are also provided. Examples are shown to demonstrate the conceptions and results of the paper.     

舰载机着舰侧回路时变风险权值矩阵线性变参数预测控制

针对舰载机钩索阻拦阶段,提出阻拦风险函数的概念和计算方法,通过离线计算获得时变状态权值矩阵和时变控制输入权值矩阵.采用时变状态权值矩阵可以实时调整各状态之间的变化关系,而时变的控制输入权值矩阵能够调整副翼和方向舵的输入峰值,避免出现输入饱和情况,提高横侧向自动着舰的效率和安全性.建立了时变的系统输出约束函数,增加了舰载机进舰阶段控制器的可解性.建立了基于状态偏差的舰载机横侧向着舰模型,针对舰载机上很多状态不能直接测量的特点,采用离线设计状态观测器的方法来估计舰载机的真实状态值,利用线性矩阵不等式求解系统最优解,通过舰载机自动着舰三维仿真模拟平台验证了算法的可行性.