超声振动切削超薄壁精密零件的粗糙度试验研究

对直径为 47.75mm壁厚为 0 .8～ 1 .5mm的照相机导向镜筒零件进行普通和超声车削试验 ,研究了各切削参数对此类超薄壁零件表面粗糙度的影响规律 ,也试验研究了超声振动切削时切削液及车刀对表面粗糙度的影响     

超薄壁零件切削加工的探索

薄壁零件的加工,由于其刚性不足,在机械加工中容易产生变形,引起零件加工后形状误差超差而报废。形状误差产生的原因一是由于工件在装夹过程中夹紧力引起的工件变形;二是由于切削力使工件产生变形,这两种变形都是由于工件弹性变形引起的。当外力作用时,工件产生弹性变形,此时加工得到的正确形状会因为外力的取消、弹性变形的恢复而被破坏,于是就产生了零件加工后的形位误差。为了避免这种误差的产生,人们在工装设计、夹紧力大小及作用点、刀具的几何角度等方面进行了大量的试验与研究,     

超精密车削加工中的圆度补偿

提高工件形状精度是开发超精密加工技术的主要目标。本文应用综合计算机、动态检测、信号处理、控制理论、微位移技术等手段，在国产SI—235超精密车床上进行切削试验，开发一种主轴回转运动误差补偿技术来提高金刚石刀具超精密车削工件的圆度精度，可达50％以上，圆度值＜0．0     

超精密车削加工中的圆度补偿

本文展示了这样一种可能性，即综合计算机、动态检测、信号处理、控制理论、微位移技术等，开发一种主轴回转运动误差补偿技术，来提高超精密车削工件的圆度。在国产Ｓ１—２３５超精密车床上进行切削试验表明：工件圆度可改善５０％以上，圆度值优于０．０５μｍ．     

测量圆度的精密转台及其调整

在机械制造中,回转体零件是最基本也是应用最广泛的零件,这既有加工方面也有机械动作多为旋转运动的原因。随着机械工业从设计结构到制造技术的高速发展,对回转体零件形状误差的要求也越来越严格,因为它直接影响着零部件的配合精度、工作精度、联接强度、摩擦、振动、噪声、密封性及寿命。特别是对于那些在高精度、高速度、高温度、高压力和重载荷条件下工作的零件,形状位置误差精度就更加重要,作为回转体零件形状误差主要项目圆度误差的精密测量,日益被重视起来。     

超精密车削加工中的圆度补偿

本文展示了这样一种可能性，即综合计算机，动态检测、信号处理、控制理论、微位移技术等，开发一种主轴回转运动误差补偿技术，来提高超精密车削工件的圆度在国产S1－235超精密车床上进行切削试验表明：工件圆度可改善50％以上，圆度值优于0．05μm。     

砂带振动磨削圆度误差的试验研究

砂带振动磨削是将砂带磨削、研抛和振动加工合起来 ,形成复合加工的一种新型精密加工和超精密加工方法。砂带振动磨削采用开式砂带磨削的加工方式 ,如图 1所示。接触轮可带动砂带沿轴向作一定频率的振动。接触轮可以随工件一起转动 ,也可以固定。一、试件的设计及加工方式的选择　　 2 砂带磨削时间与圆度误差的关系由上述试验可以得出如下结论 ,在政党的加工条件下 ,砂带振动磨削可以降低圆度误差。对于 φ2 5ｍｍ的 4 5钢工件 ,先精车 ,然后用砂带磨削 ,其圆度误差可由精车后的 10 μｍ减小到 1～ 2 μｍ。砂带振动磨削圆度误差的试验研…     

车削加工圆度误差预测

针对车削加工时工件装夹的偏心、工件本身的圆度误差、机床主轴的径向圆跳动误差等因素对车削加工产生圆度误差的影响,分析得出了影响车削加工圆度误差的主要影响因素以及车削加工时产生棱圆的原因.对车削加工圆度误差进行了预测,并对理论预测与实际加工结果进行了对比.     

圆度误差的测量评述

介绍了几种典型圆度仪和圆度评定方法,分析了滤波对测量轮廓的影响,对圆度测量项目的细化和补充作了说明,给出了测头半径的选择原则。认为先进的计算机技术与圆度仪的配合使用可极大地扩展仪器的功能,提高测量的速度和准确度。附图３ 幅,表５ 个,参考文献３ 篇。     

精密圆锥滚子轴承内滚道圆度误差的控制

对精密圆锥滚子轴承滚道磨加工产生的圆度误差的因素进行了综合分析,并据此总结出了一套行之有效的解决办法,对确保轴承的旋转精度具有重要意义。     

Characteristics of chip generation by ultrasonic vibration cutting with extremely low cutting velocity

Recently, mirror-surface machining of brittle materials such as ferrite, glass, and optical plastics has become more important, as these materials are used in optical communications and precision devices. Non-ferrous metals such as aluminium and copper were readily turned with diamond tools, but as the need for both infra-red and reflective optics escalated, the need to machine brittle materials arose. In this paper, ultrasonic vibration cutting at 20 kHz at extremely low cutting velocity for the precision machining of brittle plastics used for optical lenses is suggested and tested. The mechanism of chip generation, and characteristics of surfaces in the ductile mode, machined by ultrasonic vibration cutting are investigated. As a result, when micro cutting by ultrasonic vibration, it was confirmed that the chips generated by ductile mode cutting are obtained at 1/40 of the critical cutting velocity of the ultrasonic vibration cutting system, which is an extremely low cutting velocity.     

超声振动切割细胞系统的设计

根据细胞微切割实验对超声振动切割系统的要求,对夹心式超声换能器和超声变幅杆组成的振动系统进行了设计,超声换能器采用夹心式压电换能器,变幅杆是一种将等截面圆柱形阶梯变幅杆的一端替换成圆锥形变幅杆构成的新型复合圆锥阶梯形变幅杆,设计了超声换能器和变幅杆的基本结构,并给出其制造尺寸.     

超声振动精密深孔镗削试验研究

通过超声振动深孔镗削试验,研究了超声振动镗削时切削速度、进给量和背吃刀量对加工精度和表面粗糙度的影响规律,分析了精密深孔超声振动镗削时的切削机制.     

A study of ultrasonic vibration cutting of carbon fibre reinforced plastics

In the use of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) it is often necessary to cut the components, but cutting CFRP is often made difficult by delamination of the composites and by the short tool life. In this paper, the machinability of CFRP by means of ultrasonic vibration cutting was experimentally investigated. The experimental results have led to a trial application of ultrasonic vibration cutting, which has been verified experimentally to be highly effective in view of cutting force and surface quality.     

Study of ductile mode cutting in grooving of tungsten carbide with and without ultrasonic vibration assistance

In this study, ductile mode chip formation in conventional cutting and ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting of tungsten carbide workpiece material has been investigated through experimental grooving tests using CBN tools on a CNC lathe. The experimental results show that as the depth of cut was increased there was a transition from ductile mode to brittle mode chip formation in grooving both with and without ultrasonic vibration assistance. However, the critical value of the depth of cut for ductile mode cutting with ultrasonic vibration assistance was much larger than that without ultrasonic vibration assistance. The ratio of the volume of removed material to the volume of the machined groove, f _ab , was used to identify the ductile mode and brittle mode of chip formation in the grooving tests, in which f _ab <1 indicates ductile mode chip formation and f _ab >1 indicates brittle mode chip formation. For the same radius of tool cutting edge, the value of f _ab at the ductile-brittle transition region either with or without ultrasonic vibration was less than 1. However, the f _ab value with ultrasonic vibration assistance was close to 1. The experimental results demonstrate that ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting can be used to improve the ductile mode cutting performance of tungsten carbide work material.Nomenclature A amplitude - A ₁ , A ₂ cross-section areas of the ridge - A _V cross-section area of the groove - A _W the value of A _V subtracted by A ₁+A ₂ - f vibration frequency - f _ab ratio of work material removal - t time - v nominal cutting speed - v _u vibration velocity - v _t true cutting speed in ultrasonic cutting - angular frequency     

Self-tuned ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting for high-efficient machining of micro-optics arrays on brittle materials

Ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting is a very promising technique for the machining of brittle materials. However, its machining performance is currently limited by the ductile machining model and the machining strategy with a constant feed rate, leading to low machining efficiency. To overcome this defect, this paper presents a novel self-tuned ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (SUEVC) technique to achieve high-efficient ductile-regime machining of the micro-optics array on brittle materials. The proposed SUEVC includes a ductile-regime machining model and a tool path generation method. In SUEVC, the feed rate adaptively changes with respect to the local shape variation of the desired surface along the feeding direction to ensure both crack-free surface and high machining efficiency. Finally, two 1 × 3 spherical micro-optics arrays were successfully fabricated on single-crystal MgF₂ by SUEVC and the traditional machining strategy respectively. Results demonstrated that the SUEVC could enhance the machining efficiency by 30% relative to the traditional machining strategy, while maintaining similar surface roughness and a crack-free surface.     

两点法在曲轴圆度误差测量中的应用

采用误差分离技术,将经典三点法演化为两点法,对曲轴轴颈圆度误差进行实时在位精确测量。实现曲轴轴颈圆度误差和工件主轴回转运动误差的有效分离,去除了工件主轴回转运动误差对圆度误差的影响,对系统的测量精度及测量误差做了详细分析。     

超声波振动精密切削GFRP的实验研究

为改善玻璃纤维增强塑料(Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics)的切削加工性,提高加工精度和质量,采用超声波振动切削的方式对GFRP进行了精密切削加工.介绍了超声波振动切削的特性和GFRP的纤维束与切削速度方向的相位参数,相位参数沿圆周方向成周期性变化,变化周期为π.通过实验获得了不同切削条件下表面粗糙度的变化规律,粗糙度随相位角变化基本呈正弦规律,但在45°时粗糙度最大.振幅增大导致粗糙度明显下降.切削速度对粗糙度的变化曲线呈极值状态,在速度为100 m/min时粗糙度最小.进给量小于0.06 mm时,粗糙度呈下降趋势;大于0.06 mm时,粗糙度增加较快;而大于0.09 mm后粗糙度上升趋缓.切削深度对粗糙度的影响呈单调上升趋势.实验结果表明超声波振动切削可以使GFRP的加工表面粗糙度减少1倍,使加工质量得以提高.     

光学分度头测量圆度误差的精确评定方法的研究

用光学分度头测量圆度误差,传统按最小条件评定时,数据处理采用作图法.但该方法由于受到基圆半径抑制,测量精度低,且操作繁琐.为解决这一问题,提出了利用MATLAB进行符合最小条件的圆度误差数据处理方法,并通过测量实例研究,证明该方法具有很高的评定精度和很好的实用性.