智能便携式CO_2生命探测仪的设计

为实现灾后废墟内幸存生命的高精度探测,设计了一种智能型便携式生命探测仪。基于非色散红外吸收式CO2传感器检测狭隙空间内的CO2体积分数,通过间隔采样来完成体积分数变化率的计算;基于嵌入式微处理器设计了模糊推理机,利用救援专家的先验知识,根据狭隙内的CO2体积分数及其变化率探测幸存者的存在和气息的强弱,检测结果通过显示屏和声光报警反馈给抢险人员。实验结果表明:该探测仪合理考虑了存在幸存者时CO2体积分数的实时变化特性,充分利用了救援专家的先验知识,有效提高了狭小空间内的幸存者探测和搜救精度。     

感温电缆检测仪

感温电缆适用于空间狭小的地方,火灾报警控制器可以检测出哪条线路出现了火灾,但具体的在电缆多少米的地方检测不出来,基于此问题,笔者和同事研制出了感温电缆检测仪。本文详细地介绍了感温电缆检测仪的设计思路和过程。     

二氧化碳检测仪

空气中的二氧化碳不易被人发现,人们常常忽略它的浓度。二氧化碳过高会导致身体不适,甚至生命危险。《二氧化碳检测仪》介绍了可以对空气中二氧化碳浓度进行检测的仪器,这种仪器通过单片机对浓度指标进行检测,在超过限定值时,触发报警或通风系统,确保空气中的二氧化碳浓度在安全指标内。     

公交车辆用可燃气体检测仪

以可编程门阵列器件FPGA和气体传感器MQ-3为核心,设计了能检测可燃物挥发气的车载式检测仪.为了保证灵敏度,采用了差动集气管结构;为了免人工维护,采用了气泵正、反转集气、吹扫双功能;所有部件小巧,适合安装在车门附近的狭小空间内.最后对差动集气管效果、敏感探测距离进行了实验.     

内窥镜式生命搜救仪的送进机器人设计与分析

针对地震废墟环境,为扩大内窥镜式生命搜救仪的搜救范围,使其能够被送进到狭小的废墟缝隙中,研制了一种用于废墟搜救的内窥镜式生命搜救仪的送进机器人.首先,对镜体的送进机理以及机器人结构作了详细的理论分析,然后对分析结果进行了运动学仿真验证,并据此设计出机器人样机.通过多机器人协作,配合前拉后推的送进方式和头部偏转机构的方向控制,可以逐节渐进式地将柔性内窥镜镜体送进到废墟缝隙中.样机实验结果表明,该机器人能够平稳有效地完成对柔性内窥镜镜体的送进工作.     

基于噪声频谱的磨煤机负荷测量仪研究

通过对现场采集磨煤机运行时的噪声信号分析,得出了磨煤机噪声信号的能量与磨煤机内负荷的关系.并在此基础上研制了基于DSP的智能磨煤机负荷检测仪,经实际测试,该负荷检测仪检测实时性好、精度较高.     

可在地震中承担救人重任的爬行机器人

日本科学家最近研制出一种可在废墟中爬行的小型机器人,它们的任务就是营救被困于地震废墟中的幸存者. 发表在英国<新科学家>杂志上的这份研究报告称,这种机器人可以象毛虫一样沿着地面爬行,而且爬行时一收一缩节奏感较强.它只有几厘米宽,遥控人员可以利用磁场推动机器人在细小的墙壁裂缝中穿行.     

基于单片机控制的车载酒精浓度检测仪设计

为了及时预防醉酒驾驶,保护人身安全,设计了一种基于单片机控制的车载酒精浓度检测仪.该检测仪以AT89 C51单片机为核心,利用气敏传感器、A/D转换器检测驾驶员呼出气体的酒精浓度,并可根据车型的空间设定不同的阈值.当浓度超过阈值,检测仪可自动切断点火电路,并实现声光报警功能,从根本上解决司机酒后驾车的问题.该检测仪体积小巧,性能稳定性好,安装和调试方便,具有现实意义.     

基于PVDF薄膜的流场动态压力检测方法的研究

针对检测狭小空间流场压力时,通用液体压力传感器存在体积大、频响低以及干扰流场等问题,提出一种基于聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜的流场动态压力检测方法,该方法采用光刻工艺直接在敷镀有金属铝电极的PVDF薄膜上制作压力传感元件,该元件具有面积小、厚度薄、柔韧性好的特点,非常适合于狭小流场空间壁面压力分布的测量.试验研究表明:该...     

搜救机器人运动机理分析与仿真研究

为了开发一种能够在废墟狭窄空间中运动的搜救机器人,模仿尺蠖结构和运动特征,提出了具有多自由度易变形的仿生尺蠖移动机器人。搜救机器人在灾难现场运动时环境复杂、障碍物多,针对机器人在瓦砾狭小的空间移动运动策略较难确定的问题,提出了一种通过分析仿生生物肌肉组织的机械性能获得运动策略的方法。数值仿真结果表明尺蠖生物运动能够满足机器人多自由度的变形运动,解决了运动策略问题,为仿生尺蠖移动机器人实现移动搜救功能提供运动控制理论基础。     

Miniaturization and integration of photoacoustic detection with amicrofabricated chemical reactor system

Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a useful technique for monitoring chemical composition in mesoscale analysis systems because the detection limit scales favorably with miniaturization. The key element of a photoacoustic spectrometry system is the detector. This work focuses on the miniaturization of photoacoustic detection. In particular, we are using 3.4 μm light to detect propane in a carbon dioxide background-a system that is useful for monitoring combustion reactions. Two systems have been developed. In the first, a miniature photoacoustic cell has been machined into the mounting block of a microfabricated chemical reactor, demonstrating the integration of a photoacoustic detector with a microsystem. The cell used a hearing aid microphone and an infrared diode that was modulated at the first acoustic resonance of the cell. As the gas composition of the cell changed from carbon dioxide to propane the resonance peak was observed to shift and increase, as was expected from theory. This work also presents the first demonstration of a microfabricated photoacoustic detection cell. The cell used an optical microphone and laser excitation brought into the cell via an optical fiber. The light was modulated at a frequency far below the first acoustic resonance, and a signal of 0.05 Pa was observed in the presence of propane     

基于MG811探头的二氧化碳采集系统设计

二氧化碳采集系统以德州仪器公司的MSP430F169为主要控制芯片,采用MG811二氧化碳气体感应探头检测二氧化碳气体浓度。通过HT1621来驱动段式LCD,显示测量的二氧化碳浓度数据,系统外扩M25P80芯片,实现对测量数据的存储,并可通过USB与上位机进行通信。实验证明,该系统设计工作稳定、结构简单、便于携带,有良好的推广前景。     

新型非色散红外三组分气体分析仪的研究

为了克服传统的红外气体分析仪现存诸多问题,采用非色散红外气体分析的原理,对一种新型三组分气体分析仪的关键技术进行了研究,诸如四元热电堆红外探测器、锁定放大电路、MSP430超低功耗单片机、LCD显示模块等先进技术.该新型非色散红外三组分气体分析仪能快速实现同时对CO、CO2、CH4等三种气体的连续自动分析,将会具有广阔的应用前景.     

A rescue robot designed for ease of use: development of exploration system using behavior of bombycid

Rescue operation is one of most effective applications of robots. However, previous rescue systems that use robots have a serious problem that is a shortage of professional operators. In this paper, we develop an exploration system of survivors using carbon dioxide, and to solve the problem we apply searching mechanism of bombycid to our system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, experiments have been conducted. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A new modulation technique and compensation algorithm for mainstream CO2 capnography

Carbon dioxide, as a metabolic product of human, is correlated with a patient’s perfusion and ventilation. In medicine, the end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure refers to the measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide, and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure monitoring has become an important tool in clinical monitoring. However, there are some aspects needed to be improved. So, the low-frequency modulation is used to reliably acquire the respiration information. The measurement method is improved based on the Lambert–Beer Law. Also, we compensate the initial absorbance because of the light absorbance of the sensor at different wavelengths. The influence of the temperature change is analyzed on the measurement. All of these methods make the end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure accurate and convenient.     

多参数气体检测设备数据处理研究

常用的单气体测量设备只能检测单一气体,进行多参数测量是发展的趋势。该文就多参数检测设备中,传感器信号数据的处理方法做了分析和研究。采用多传感器信号矩阵运算去除气体交叉干扰;针对传感器信号输出非线性的特性,使用最小二乘法进行传感器输出特性曲线的拟合。将上述方法应用到多参数气体检测设备上,进行了相关实验。结果表明,该方法提高了多参数气体检测设备的精度和抗干扰性。     

CSD,a database of microbial strains for carbon fixation

The CSD database contains a list of microorganisms involved in biological fixation of carbon dioxide. The database allows managing of information related to carbon dioxide fixation utilizing microbes belonging to four different classes i.e. microorganisms, genus listing, mechanisms and literature. The database can help in devising biological strategies for reducing carbon dioxide from the environment. It can also serve as comprehensive knowledgebase to search the microbes capable of utilizing carbon dioxide.     

Solubility of CO2 in aqueous ammonia solution at low temperature

The solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous ammonia solution with concentrations of 1.13, 2.18, 3.83, 6, and 8.11 molal was measured at atmospheric pressure and a range of temperatures from 268.15 to 288.15 K. The results showed that the solubility of carbon dioxide in ammonia aqueous solution increased with increasing temperature. The UNIQUAC-NRF model is applied to the experimental data for the present work. This modified model is used to calculate carbon dioxide solubility in aqueous ammonia solution at a range of temperatures from 268.15 to 288.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The results of AAD% (Absolute Average Deviation) show that the UNIQUAC-NRF model can accurately correlate the solubility of experimental data of carbon dioxide in aqueous ammonia solution over a wide range of low temperatures.     

一种几何攻击下的数字图像水印检测方法

几何攻击是数字图像水印众多攻击的一种，它不试图破坏图像中的水印信号，而是使水印检测器与水印信号失去同步，致使水印检测器检测不到水印信号，是一种有效的水印攻击方法。该文介绍了一种基于标准化的互相关NCC(normalized-cross correlation)图像固有特征提取及特征点匹配方法，进而利用图像固有特征恢复经几何变换的水印图像，使水印检测器与水印同步以达到有效检测水印的目的。实验表明，使用该方法能较好地恢复图像，有效地同步水印检测器与水印信号，从而使水印对仿射变换攻击具有鲁棒性。