新型管槽式吸收塔液体分布器的研制及性能测试

针对气体吸收分离中常见的吸收塔管式、槽式分布器液体分布不均匀的问题,开发出一种新型的管槽式液体分布器,并搭建直径1.2 m的吸收塔实验平台,对不同气相进料风速、不同喷淋密度下管式、槽式及管槽式分布器的液体分布情况和整塔压降,以及壁流效应进行了实验测定。实验结果表明:风速对分布器的液态分布性能没有太大的影响。随着喷淋密度的增大,新型管槽式液体分布器的不均匀系数逐渐下降,最大喷淋密度[L=6.99m3/(m2·h)]时其值接近0,相对于管式和槽式分布器分别下降6%和11%。不同风速下,管槽式分布器相对于管式、槽式分布器的整塔压降最高分别降低24%和16%;而且管槽式分布器壁流效应比管式与槽式的更不明显。最后,针对实验中管槽式分布器出现的问题,进行了分析并提出进一步优化的方案。对于在工业生产中喷淋密度大都大于实验时的喷淋密度,新型管槽式分布器将有更优异的表现,具有很好的规模化应用前景。     

多级振动盘萃取塔的特性与设计

本文论述了多级振动盘(MVDC)萃取塔(简称MVDC萃取塔)的设计法。MVDC萃取塔由多孔隔板隔开的多级所组成。每级皆由一振动盘给予机械搅拌。文章就MVDC萃取塔的持液量、平均液滴直径、液滴直径比,轴向混合、功耗等性能进行研究分析,并与往复筛板塔、脉冲塔等其它萃取塔的性能作了对比。此外,文章还讨论了MVDC萃取塔的设计放大问题,指出了该塔优于其它萃取器的各种特行。     

松油醇精馏塔的改造

介绍和分析松油醇精馏塔生产中存在的主要问题,提出单排管式液体分布器是影响精馏塔分离效率的关键因素,通过改造分布器,即采用槽式分布器,有效地提高了塔的分离效率,并取得较好的经济效益。     

松油醇精馏塔的改造

介绍和分析松油醇精馏塔生产中存在的主要问题，提出单排管式液体分布器是影响精馏塔分离效率的关键因素，通过改造分布器，即采用槽式分布器，有效地提高了塔的分离效率，并取得较好的经济效益。     

开孔转盘塔分散相滞存率及液滴直径分布的研究

本文在无传质条件下研究了开孔转盘塔(RPDc)内乳液—水体系(W/O/W)的流体力学性能。测定了塔内分散相滞存率x,考察了塔几何条件及操作条件对分散相滞存率x及特性速度U_o的影响。采用因次分析法,建立了x及U_o与塔几何条件及操作条件间的经验关联式。并采用摄影法,对分散相液滴直径及其分布进行了初步研究。实验结果表明,分散相液滴直径的分布可用上限对数正态分布来描述。     

管式分酸器在金川有色金属公司化工厂的应用

在金川有色金属公司化工厂硫酸Ⅰ系统的扩能技改中 ,针对原吸收塔、干燥塔槽式分酸器存在的分酸不均、分酸器易坏的缺点 ,用管式分酸器替代槽式分酸器 ,并对分酸器进行了相应改造 ,取得了理想的效果。1　设计参数选择管式分酸器喷淋量 40 0～ 480ｍ3/ｈ ,分酸点 2 9 8个 /ｍ2 ,使塔处理气量从 40 0 0 0ｍ3/ｈ增至 6 80 0 0ｍ3/ｈ ,塔填料高度由 6 7ｍ降至 4 2ｍ ,不但降低了系统阻力 ,而且塔填料减重约 40ｔ,增大了老塔条拱及篦子砖的安全系数。分酸孔直径 12ｍｍ ,接近有关资料介绍的防阻塞最小直径。在回酸总管上加过滤器 ,防止塔填料碎…     

聚碳酸酯聚合反应器的开发研究 Ⅲ、组合反应器的设计

根据前文的研究结果,本文提出适应本反应系统特征的工业反应器型式。采用静态混和器的管式反应器完成前期反应任务,多釜连续拌搅拌釜式反应器完成后期反应任务。本文用冷模试验方法测定了静态混和器中的液滴直径和压降。验证了文献的结果。并提出了组合反应器的设计原则。     

适用于分批精馏和多用途填料塔的液体分布器

介绍两种适用于分批精馏及多用途填料塔的液体分布器——槽式和双排管式高弹性液体分布器。目前通用型液体分布器的操作弹性一般为4:1,而这种液体分布器,其操作弹性可达10:1左右。本文提出的小孔排量计算方法同样也适用于大型填料塔的液体分布器。     

气升式环流生物反应器微孔气体分布器结构优化与性能

目前,气升式环流生物反应器普遍使用管式气体分布器,管式气体分布器易堵塞,动力效率低。气泡粒径小,动力效率高的微孔气体分布器应用于气升式环流生物反应器的研究少有报道。本文为研究微孔气体分布器应用于气升式环流生物反应器的实际效果,对微孔气体分布器进行结构优化研究,考察分布器形式、直径和安装位置等因素对氧传质系数的影响,进而考察优化后的微孔气体分布器的充氧能力、氧利用率、动力效率等性能参数及其变化规律。指导微孔气体分布器的工业化应用。实验结果表明：盘式微孔气体分布器传质效果优于管式,且盘式微孔气体分布器直径为0.4R时,传质效果最佳;膜盘到导流筒底部距离为1R时,分布器的氧传质系数最大,R为导流筒半径;微孔气体分布器适宜的气体流量为1.5m³/h,充氧能力0.14kg/h,氧利用率为34.63%,动力效率为3.35kg/(kW·h)。     

双通道气流式喷嘴雾化特性实验研究

以清水和空气为实验介质,对同轴双通道气流式喷嘴雾化特性进行了实验研究,分析了喷淋量对雾化角及径向流通量分布的影响,分别考察了气速和喷嘴轴向位置对液滴索特平均直径(SMD)的影响。研究结果表明,喷嘴径向流通量分布随着雾化气量的升高而趋于集中,当气体流量高于1500 L/min时,雾化角随着气量升高而降低;喷口处气速与喷嘴轴向位置均是影响液滴SMD与粒径分布的重要因素,液滴SMD随着气速增大逐渐减小,当气速超过150 m/s时其下降趋势变缓,粒径分布均匀度显著提高;随着喷嘴轴向距离增大液滴SMD逐渐减小,当距离大于300 mm时其变化不再显著,但粒径分布均匀度显著提高。     

Hydrodynamics of spray column for enzymatic reactions of oil

The hydrodynamic characteristics of a spray column for oil–water system have been investigated in the present work in a column of 5 cm inner diameter and 250 cm height, operated in a semi batch manner. The effect of dispersed phase flow rate and nozzle diameter on different hydrodynamic parameters such as drop diameter, dispersed phase hold up, terminal rise velocity and jetting velocity has been studied. It has been observed that the drop diameter, dispersed phase hold up, terminal rise velocity and jetting velocity increase with an increase in nozzle diameter. Also, dispersed phase hold up increases with dispersed phase velocity whereas terminal rise velocity and drop diameter show a marginal dependency. Correlations have been developed, using nonlinear regression, for the prediction of drop diameter, dispersed phase hold up, terminal rise velocity and jetting velocity.     

Breakup of relatively low-concentrated O/W emulsion jets

The breakup of emulsion jets ejected downward into air from a nozzle has been investigated experimentally, and the breakup length of jets and the drop size for kerosene-water emulsions have been measured. The concentration of the dispersed phase was less than 50 wt%, so all experimental emulsions exhibited Newtonian flow. Photographic observation indicated that the emulsion jet resembled the jet of normal homogeneous liquids. The breakup length of the jet and the drop size from the jet are in good agreement with predictions from stability analysis for normal liquids.     

喷雾塔内雾粒粒径对传质行为的影响

本文研究了喷雾塔内的两相混合及雾粒粒径对传质行为的影响.建立了描述粒子群在塔内运动和传质规律的数学模型,这一模型既考虑了两相的返混,也考虑了粒径的影响,即所谓粒子群的向前混合.通过稳态浓度剖面法求解模型方程,得到了两相的返混准数Pe_x、Pe_y及粒子的真空传质系数K_(oco)用线性最小二乘法关联得到计算这些参数的经验方程.这些关联式可用于计算塔内的真实浓度剖面,并能适用于不同结构和尺寸的喷嘴.     

HYDRODYNAMICS IN YORK-SCHEIBEL COLUMNS

Dispersed phase hold-up, hold-up profile, drop-size distribution and phase inversion were investigated in a third type of Scheibel column (7.6 cm diameter, 18 stage) with toluene-water as the liquid-liquid system. The concept of characteristic drop velocity was used to describe the relationship between dynamic hold-up and two phase flow rates. The axial dispersed phase hold-up and the mean drop size varied significantly with rotor speed and column height. In addition, the characteristics of phase inversion was explained by Sarkar's model.     

催化裂化再生器树枝状气体分布器喷嘴的射流特性

在催化裂化装置中再生器底部通常设置有树枝状管式气体分布器,通过分布器上的喷嘴分布气体。但在实际运行过程中喷嘴常出现布气不均和磨损问题,影响其自身的布气性能和使用寿命。为此,在二维床实验装置上针对喷嘴的射流特性进行了实验研究。实验物料为FCC催化剂颗粒,喷嘴出口气速范围为30～70 m·s^-1,喷嘴喷射角度范围为0°～67.5°。实验用摄影观察法测量喷嘴射流的射流长度和附近的流场流态。实验结果表明射流长度随喷嘴气速和喷射角度的增大而变长。射流气体在向上翻转过程中,在树枝状管式气体分布器两分支管之间产生旋转涡流现象,旋转涡流的大小与喷嘴出口气速和安装角度有密切关系。最后基于实验数据,建立了喷嘴射流长度的计算模型。     

“FORWARD MIXING” MODEL: APPLICATION TO PULSED PLATE EXTRACTION COLUMN OPERATION IN THE EMULSION REGION

The “Forward Mixing” model has been applied to data obtained from a 22 cm diameter pulsed plate extraction column. Measurements of drop size distributions, dispersed phase hold-up and concentration profiles for two systems (toluene-acetone-water and n-butanol-succinic acid-water) of quite different properties were made with the column operating in the emulsion region. Generated drop size distribution function parameters, size-dependent slip velocities and mass transfer coefficients, and continuous phase axial dispersion coefficients were accurate in predicting dispersed phase hold-up and extraction efficiencies (or the related plug flow number of transfer units). These parameters were correlated with phase superficial velocities and pulse velocities. The influence of continuous phase axial dispersion was much greater than the influence of drop size variation, and was not accurately predicted by most previous tracer-based correlations. An inlet dispersed phase distributor was beneficial to the performance with the high interfacial tension system.     

Aerodynamics of a novel rotating jet spouted bed

A novel rotating jet spouted bed (RJSB) is developed and tested. It consists of a rotating air distributor with two radially located spouting air nozzles. The effects of bed height, distributor rotational speed, nozzle diameter and particle properties on the flow characteristics were examined. Various flow regimes were mapped as functions of distributor rotational speed and superficial air velocity for different materials and column dimensions. Empirical correlations were developed for the minimum spouting velocity, peak pressure drop and steady spouting pressure drop.     

液体中气—液射流特性的研究

在气-液两相喷射式装置中气体或/和液体是经由单个(或多个)喷咀射入塔内的。本研究用频闪摄影技术对气、液向上共同喷射时液体中的气-液射流特性进行了实验研究,并建立了气泡直径分布函教及射流特征尺寸的关联式。同时,对射流两相区内两相的流动用一两相模型进行模拟,考察了喷咀直径、初始条件、液体压头和气泡直径对器内两相流动的影响。     

An atomization model for splash plate nozzles

A model for the atomization and spray formation by splash plate nozzles is presented. This model is based on the liquid sheet formation theory due to an oblique impingement of a liquid jet on a solid surface. The continuous liquid sheet formed by the jet impingement is replaced with a set of dispersed droplets. The initial droplet sizes and velocities are determined based on theoretically predicted liquid sheet thickness and velocity. A Lagrangian spray code is used to model the spray dynamics and droplet size distribution further downstream of the nozzle. Results of this model are confirmed by the experimental data on the droplet size distribution across the spray. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010