Class differences in urban home ownership: An analysis of recent Canadian trends

Although it is known that the level of home ownership varies from one class to another, the reasons have not been examined and remain unclear. In Canada in 1974, class differences in home ownership were considerable. With the exception of the self‐employed, they can be explained in terms of household incomes, the age and gender composition of household heads, and by a relatively strong preference for ownership among blue collar workers. Since 1974, mainly because of differences in income trends, home ownership has increased most among the middle class, least among the self‐employed. Future research should consider the social and political implications of these trends.     

谈中国城镇化发展的历史进程与趋势

从时空的全局角度,论证了中国城镇化发展的历史进程和成就,探究了中国经济从高速增长到新常态背景下,我国城镇化所面临的诸多问题,指出未来中国的城镇化应当重点实现人的"城镇化",实现大、中、小城市协调发展及乡村与城市的和谐共生。     

从养老地产看城市化发展的趋势和特征

结合养老地产的基本特点,从人口迁移局部特征、城市化动力、城市化规模等方面,分析了城市化发展的趋势和特征,探讨了养老地产与城市化之间的关系,为相关问题的研究提供参考。     

Explaining the recent migration trends of the Tokyo metropolitan area

Recent migration trends affecting the Tokyo metropolitan area (TMA) in Japan are analyzed. The focus is on the factors affecting the change in migration patterns which resulted in a net outflow of migrants from the area in 1994, the first time this has occurred. "The results from a set of time-series analyses lead the authors to conclude that, as far as the study period (1979-92) as a whole is concerned, the changing migration pattern of the TMA arose from factors closely related to Tokyo's transformation into a world city (specifically in terms of industrial restructuring and changes in residential land prices) and from cycles of economic boom and bust. However, it was found that the change to world city was more important than the economic cycle. Such findings suggest that the Japanese migration system experienced structural change during the 1980s and entered a new phase in the 1990s."     

Modelling residential mobility; a review of recent trends in research

Recent studies add to the large body ofliterature on residential mobility bypresenting a fresh view of the residentialmobility process. At the micro level, newresearch sheds light on the jointdecision-making by members of a householdregarding a residential move, and clarifies thelink between place of residence and place ofwork. There are also many new studies onfinding an alternative dwelling if the mostpreferred house is unavailable. Householdrelocation is strongly embedded in housingmarket conditions at the local and nationallevel. Recent studies analyse variations in themobility process over space and time.     

Housing costs and poverty: analysing recent australian trends

This paper examines recent trends in Australian poverty, both measured using disposable income (before housing costs, BHC) and income after subtracting housing costs (AHC). Household-level data from Australian Bureau of Statistics household income surveys are used to estimate relative poverty rates since 1999–00. Changes in the Australian housing market, especially the large increase in house prices and falling home ownership, mean that trends and relative levels of poverty are quite different when using these two alternative measures of resources. While BHC poverty has decreased, AHC poverty has not—because of rising housing costs. These shifts have changed the profile of AHC poverty and raise important questions about the adequacy and sustainability of existing housing and income support policies.

     

城市化进程对火灾的影响关系分析

城市化是社会与经济发展的必然结果，城市化的结果是人口大量涌入到城市中，城镇区域分布中的市郊结合部及小城镇的情况变得错综复杂，引起火灾的多发，尤其是特大火灾及群死群伤火灾的发生。因此，有必要对城市进程对火灾的影响程度加以分析及探讨。以人口城市化及城镇区域分布为基点，探讨了城市化进程对火灾影响的定量关系。     

An alternative model for evaluating sustainable urbanization

In recent years, there has been rapid urbanization worldwide, resulting in both benefits and problems. Sustainable urbanization has become an important aspect in promoting sustainable development. Existing studies have introduced various methodologies to guide urbanization towards sustainable practices. The application of these methods has contributed to improving urban sustainability. To further support the effective applications of the principles of sustainable urbanization, a tool is needed to evaluate whether a particular process of urbanization is sustainable. In this paper, we introduce an alternative model for evaluating sustainable urbanization by investigating the relationship between urbanization and urban sustainability. The practice of sustainable urbanization is defined as a dynamic process that enables urban sustainability to improve or to maintain a certain level of practice. By employing this definition, we introduce a sustainable urbanization elasticity coefficient e_SU, which is defined by two parameters: urbanization velocity (V_μR) and urban sustainability velocity (V_μS). The sustainability of an urbanization process is measured by the value of e_SU or read from the V_μR-V_μS coordinate. A case study demonstrates the application of the measure e_SU and the V_μR-V_μS coordinate. The proposed model is an effective tool to help policy makers understand whether the urbanization processes they support are sustainable and thus whether to correct practices. The model also allows comparison of different urbanization practices and thereby encourages the sharing of successful experiences.     

Better environmental decision making - recent progress and future trends

Recent trends in risk-based decision making are reviewed in relation to novel developments in comparative risk analysis, strategic risk analysis, weight of evidence frameworks, and participative decision making. Delivery of these innovations must take account of organisational capabilities in risk management and the institutional culture that implements decision on risk. We stress the importance of managing risk knowledge within organisations, and emphasise the use of core criteria for effective risk-based decisions by reference to decision process, implementation and the security of strategic added value.     

Some recent developments and future trends in thin-walled sections for structural crashworthiness

This presentation examines the dynamic axial crushing of thin-walled sections made from ductile metals and uses these solutions to explore several important phenomena in the structural crashworthiness field. In particular, the range of validity of quasi-static behaviour is explored, and the transitions to dynamic plastic buckling and global bending are discussed. Some observations are made on several phenomena associated with the dynamic material properties which are important for the large strains and the range of strain rates encountered in structural crashworthiness problems.     

The geographical distribution of car ownership in Great Britain—Some recent trends

Regional variations in car ownership have recently been subjected to a number of studies. This short paper extends this work by using much more recent data sources to see if previously observed trends in Great Brtain have continued into the 1970s. In addition, a number of simple econometric models of cross sectional variations in ownership are explored which test a wide variety of hypotheses concerning causal linkages between car ownership and several explanatory variables. The range of variables used is larger than that employed in most of the recent work in the field.     

Development of house prices in the Netherlands: An international perspective

This article deals with the questionwhether it is plausible to assume, on the basis ofexperiences in other countries and general insightsinto the operation of the market for owner-occupiedhousing, that a price correction will take place inthe market for owner-occupied dwellings in theNetherlands or rather that it is reasonable toexpect that the rising trend in real sales prices,which started in the 1980s, will continue steadilyon the same course. On the grounds of thisinformation, we conclude that in the medium term, weshould expect to see a decline in the sales pricesfor dwellings in the Netherlands.     

A review of recent trends in house construction and land prices in Great Britain

Over the last few decades, house prices in the UK have risen at a higher rate than general prices, as measured by, for example, the retail price index. Construction prices, on the other hand, tend to have risen broadly in line with general prices. Assuming the same things are being measured in each case, this implies that, over the period, the price of land, the most significant non-construction element of house prices, has risen at a faster rate than house prices and a much higher rate than construction prices. This paper reviews past price trends and concludes that not only have house prices risen faster than construction prices but also that, as a result, construction prices represent a smaller proportion of house prices. The paper also considers briefly what might be the implications if that trend continued- or if it did not.