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司春杰 《理化检验(物理分册)》1996,32(4):39-41
通过理论分析及实验数据,表明拉伸试验速度对屈服强度影响很大,依据国家标准,由平均应力速率公式推导出负荷速率公式,根据负荷速率公式可以简单,直观,方便地进行了大批量日常拉伸试验的操作。 相似文献
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低碳钢因其优良的塑性常被用于家电和汽车面板。在低碳钢工业生产中,节能、高效的连续退火工艺取代能耗高、效率低的罩式退火工艺后,低碳钢在使用过程中遇到了严重的质量问题——因时效而产生的屈服延伸现象。屈服延伸现象是指低碳钢经人工时效或长时间的自然时效后,钢板表面在变形过程产生不均匀塑性变形而出现褶皱的现象,又称吕德斯带,该现象对钢板的表面质量和性能造成严重的损害。屈服延伸现象受碳氮含量、晶粒尺寸、合金元素、工艺参数和应变等因素影响,在明确屈服延伸现象发生的微观机理前提下,选择适当的成分和工艺参数能够在一定程度上减少或消除屈服延伸现象。关于屈服延伸的出现一般认为与晶体内间隙原子(碳原子和氮原子)的偏聚有关:经典理论认为屈服延伸现象是由于间隙原子在晶体内位错周围偏聚(也称柯氏气团),柯氏气团对位错的反复钉扎和解钉扎过程导致了屈服延伸;但是部分学者认为屈服延伸现象是偏聚在晶界上的间隙原子对位错运动的反复钉扎和解钉扎引起;也有部分学者认为是两者共同作用的结果。因此,关于出现屈服延伸现象的原因的争议在于间隙原子偏聚的位置,即偏聚于位错周围形成柯氏气团或偏聚于晶界。为了有效消除屈服延伸现象带来的危害,近些年来除研究屈服延伸现象发生的微观机理,即探究屈服延伸发生过程间隙原子偏聚的位置外,研究者们也探索了屈服延伸现象发生的微观力学行为。针对屈服延伸现象的研究引入了内耗、三维原子探针、聚焦离子束等先进技术手段,可实现对基体、晶界和位错等位置上各元素含量的表征,为进一步明确屈服延伸现象产生机制奠定基础;纳米压痕和扫描电镜原位拉伸等技术可用来研究屈服延伸发生过程的微观形变机理。其中采用纳米压痕技术研究屈服延伸现象时所得载荷-位移曲线上出现的晶界pop-in现象已被证实与屈服延伸现象存在联系,否定了较早认为初始pop-in现象与屈服延伸现象存在联系的观点。本文对屈服延伸的影响因素、机理和研究方法等方面进行了系统的综述,以期为低碳钢连续退火工业生产工艺中消除屈服延伸现象提供一定的线索,在降低生产成本、提高低碳钢表面成形质量方面有重要意义。 相似文献
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用线切割加工方式制备的拉伸试样进行拉伸试验,得到的强度低于铣削加工的拉伸试样的强度,通过对比试验说明了线切割加工方式对强度试验结果的影响.结果表明:GB/T 228.1-2010中对线切割加工方式制备拉伸试样没有明确的加工余量规定,建议在GB/T 228.1-2010中给出线切割加工方式制备拉伸试样的加工余量. 相似文献
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本文介绍了我们研制的拉—扭复合动应力材料试验机以及实验方法。在该机上对低碳钢的实验结果表明:在拉—扭复合动应力状态下,等效应变率在35/s~65/s范围内,等效应力σ和等效应变ε曲线在塑性变形阶段几乎是平行的,符合Mises屈服条件,动态初始屈服面几乎是相似的椭圆。验证了过应力模型的正确性,发现在给定等效应变率下,ω~ε间的曲线具有单一性的特征。 相似文献
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根据金属材料均匀塑性变形阶段单位长度塑性伸长相同,以及颈缩变形只在局部长度内发生这一规律,建立了一种用标距小于标准比例试样标距的非标准试样获得标准比例试样断后伸长率的方法。经过试验验证,用该方法测得的断后伸长率与GB/T 228-2002标准规定的方法获得的伸长率相吻合。 相似文献
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在对某低碳钢进行金相检验的过程中,发现其铁素体晶粒表面发灰。采用金相检验、腐蚀试验和划痕试验等方法研究了晶粒表面发灰的原因。结果表明:试样表面残留抛光划痕,使试样表面粗糙度变大,造成了漫反射现象;每个晶粒的位向不同,抛光划痕引起的内应力也不同,使得每个晶粒的腐蚀程度不同,从而引起了表面形貌的差异,最终导致铁素体晶粒表面发灰。 相似文献
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Plastic Deformation in Quench-and 650℃ Tempered Steel 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
刘禹门 《材料科学技术学报》1989,5(5):333-338
The variations of the dislocation structuresin the quench and 650℃ tempered steel withincrease of elongations have been investigatedby using transmission electron microscopy. Inthe small elongation stage, the boundaries betweenferrite and carbide in this steel can releasedislocations. As the elongations increase, themoving dislocations in the ferrite slip ontothe carbides. Then, the interaction betweenmoving dislocations and dislocations releasedfrom this boundaries, and the interaction betweenthe dislocations moving to the carbides in everyslip plane occurs. Thereby, the dislocationtangles around the carbides can be formed.In the large elongation stage, the dislocationtangles with high dislocation density and thedeveloped dislocation cells are formed. 相似文献
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G. Y. Wang 《Strain》2011,47(5):398-404
Abstract: A series of plate‐impact spall experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of shock pre‐compression stress and tensile strain rates on the dynamic tensile fracture (or spall) behaviour of shocked mild steel. The shock pre‐compression stress amplitude and tensile strain rate were controlled independently to ensure that only one single‐loading parameter varied for each experiment. A push–pull type velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) was used to measure the free surface velocity profiles of samples. It is observed from experimental results that the influence of shock pre‐compression stress amplitude on the spall strength is less significant in the range attained in these experiments, whereas with increasing tensile strain rate, an evident 65% increase of spall strength is determined in the present tensile strain rate range of 104 to 106 s?1. VISAR data are compared with finite‐difference calculations employing a modified damage function model with a percolation–relaxation function, and a good agreement between the calculation and the experiments was obtained. Preliminary simulation results also revealed that a critical damage exists, which physically corresponds to the critical intervoid ligament distance for triggering the onset of void coalescence, and may be regarded as a material parameter for describing the dynamic tensile fracture and independent of the loading conditions. 相似文献
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Lamellar nanostructures were induced in a plain martensitic low-carbon steel by using dynamic plastic deformation at room temperature.The nanostructured steel was hardened after annealing at 673 K for20 min,with a tensile strength increased from 1.2 GPa to 1.6 GPa.Both the remained nanostructures and annealing-induced precipitates in nano-scale play key roles in the hardening. 相似文献
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本文研究了在沉淀强化和细晶强化两种机制分别作用的处理条件下低碳钢系列温度断裂行为阐明了不同强化机制对钢件塑一脆转变特性的影响。结果表明,沉淀强化不影响材料解理特征应力 S_(c0),钢的冷脆特征温度 T~*_c 增高系由屈服极限σμ的提高引起。而在细晶强化条件下σ_y和 S_(c0)均得到提高且后者提高的幅度大于前者,故使 T~*_c 降低。 相似文献
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Atomistic Simulation of the Orientation-dependent Plastic Deformation Mechanisms of Iron Nanopillars
Tensile tests were performed on iron nanopillars oriented along [001] and [110] directions at a constant temperature of 300 K through molecular dynamics simulations with an embedded-atom interatomic potential for iron.The nanopillars were stretched until yielding to investigate the onset of their plastic deformation behaviors.Yielding was found to occur through two different mechanisms for [001] and [110] tensions.In the former case,plastic deformation is initiated by dislocation nucleation at the edges of the nanopillar,whereas in the latter case by phase transformation inside the nanopillar.The details during the onset of plastic deformation under the two different orientations were analyzed.The varying mechanisms during plastic deformation initiation are bound to influence the mechanical behavior of such nanoscale materials,especially those strongly textured. 相似文献
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对电化学充氢后的2.25Cr-1Mo钢进行拉伸实验,并在实时拉伸过程中采集声发射信号。结果表明:充氢后2.25Cr-1Mo钢抗拉强度为536.30MPa,下降约57MPa;断面收缩率为43.62%,下降约7%。拉伸断口上出现由氢脆引起的"白点"特征与准解理断裂形貌。充氢后试样拉伸过程弹性阶段的声发射信号活动增强,而屈服阶段的声发射信号活动减弱,变形过程的声发射信号累积绝对能量值要比未充氢试样低约1个数量级。充氢试样拉伸产生的声发射信号比未充氢试样的信号幅值降低约0.33mV,频宽降低0.06MHz。通过对声发射信号的分析发现,充氢试样变形的微观机制为氢促进位错发射与运动,而交叉滑移受到抑制。 相似文献
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