聚丙烯平板微孔膜膜蒸馏海水淡化研究

采用热致相分离法制备了聚丙烯平板微孔膜,并对自制平板膜组件的膜蒸馏海水淡化性能进行了研究。探讨了膜制备条件及海水流量、温度、膜后真空度等真空膜蒸馏过程操作条件对聚丙烯平板膜组件海水淡化性能的影响,自制组件连续运行的小试结果表明:当真空侧压力为3kPa,进料温度为323.15K,流量为50L/h时,天津市渤海湾海水膜蒸馏过程的平均水通量达10.56kg/m·2h,产品水的脱盐率均在99.8%以上。     

萃取和干燥对热致相分离制备聚丙烯微孔膜的影响

应用相对膜体积变化对萃取和干燥的影响进行表征,研究了萃取剂表面张力、沸点以及相互作用与微孔收缩之间的关系,实验结果表明随普萃取剂表面张力的增大、沸点的升高、相互作用的增强,相对膜体积呈下降趋势。这说明毛细管压力的大小、作用时间以及萃取剂对微孔壁的软化作用都会对微孔收缩产生重要影响。     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜的制备方法

介绍了两种主要聚丙烯中空纤维膜的制备方法,即熔融-拉伸法和热致相分离法,并叙述了二者的优缺点及对聚丙烯中空纤维膜性能的影响。     

聚丙烯微孔膜的研究进展

介绍了由熔融纺丝-冷却拉伸法和热致相分离法制备聚丙烯微孔膜的原理和过程。对当前膜研究领域的热点即膜的亲水化改性研究进行了重点评述,包括暂时性改性和永久性改性。阐述了各种改性方法的特点,着重讨论了亲水化改性对膜性能如膜的微孔孔径、孔隙率、透水量等的影响,强调膜表面亲水性的提高可改善膜的耐生物污染性。指出聚丙烯微孔膜的应用领域和发展前景。     

聚4-甲基-1-戊烯微孔膜的研究进展

聚4–甲基–1–戊烯有很多优良的性能,具有作为优质膜材料的潜能。本文对聚4–甲基–1–戊烯微孔膜的成膜方法进行了综述,主要有相转化法,包括非溶剂致相转化法、溶剂蒸发成膜法、高分子溶液的水面展开法;熔融拉伸法;热致相分离法及其衍生法。重点介绍了聚4–甲基–1–戊烯微孔膜各种制备方法的原理、过程、影响因素和膜的结构特点。     

高分子量聚乙烯微孔膜的研究进展

高分子量聚乙烯膜材料由于具有突出的强度、抗冲击性、耐腐蚀性等综合性能而越来越受到人们的广泛重视。本文讨论了采用热致相分离法(TIPS)制备高分子量聚乙烯微孔膜的一般过程及热致相分离机理,介绍了近年来国内外高分子量聚乙烯微孔膜的研究进展。     

聚丙烯微孔膜的亲水改性研究进展

聚丙烯微孔膜的强疏水性导致在膜分离过程中驱动力高和易污染,需要亲水化改性.亲水改性方法主要有共混法、表面吸附法、表面接枝法等。目前主要是对聚丙烯微孔膜表面进行改性,但表面改性容易对膜的微孔造成影响。共混法是最有效和应用前景的方法,是以后聚丙烯微孔膜亲水改性的研究重点。     

聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜制备方法研究进展

介绍了浸没沉淀法、热致相分离法以及蒸发助热致相分离法制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微孔膜的研究进展.重点介绍了溶剂、凝固浴组成、凝固浴温度、添加剂和蒸发时间等因素对浸没沉淀法制备PVDF膜的影响,并对制备PVDF膜的发展提出建议和展望.同时简单介绍了PVDF微孔膜的亲水性改性.     

热拉伸比对熔融挤出拉伸法制备聚丙烯微孔膜的影响

通过固定冷拉伸比,改变热拉伸比制备了具有不同微孔结构的聚丙烯微孔膜,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测了微孔的形貌,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试了微孔膜的片晶厚度,研究了热拉伸过程中微孔形成过程以及微孔尺寸和数量,微孔膜孔隙率随热拉伸比的变化情况.结果表明,冷拉伸过程主要是片晶间微裂纹的形成过程,微裂纹均匀的分布在试...     

Formation of microporous membrane of isotactic polypropylene in dibutyl phthalate‐soybean oil via thermally induced phase separation

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) microporous membranes were prepared via the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process with the diluents being dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and soybean oil mixture. By changing the weight ratio of DBP to soybean oil systematically, it was determined experimentally that the cloud‐point curves were influenced to a great extent, while the crystallization curves showed much less dependence on the diluents composition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the resulting membrane morphologies changed significantly by varying the composition of the diluents, i.e., by changing the interaction parameter and other characteristics of diluents, the interwoven or celluar structure can be fabricated successfully at a fixed polymer concentration under the same cooling conditions. Different growth rates of iPP spherulite were obtained in the diluents with different composition. It is shown that the spherulites growth rates may be also attributed to the great variations of the final microporous morphology to a certain extent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Formation of microporous polymeric membranes via thermally induced phase separation: A review

A review of recent research related to microporous polymeric membranes formed via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and the morphologies of these membranes is presented. A summary of polymers and suitable diluents that can be used to prepare these microporous membranes via TIPS are summarized. The effects of different kinds of polymer materials, diluent types, cooling conditions, extractants and additive agents on the morphology and performance of TIPS membranes are also discussed. Finally new developments in TIPS technology are summarized.

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微孔聚丙烯膜表面胺基化修饰

发展了一种氨基接枝密度和分布可控的微孔聚丙烯膜(MPPM)表面修饰方法。首先通过紫外光接枝聚合法,在MPPM上接枝聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA);然后通过丙烯酸甲酯和乙二胺的酰胺化缩合和Michael加成交替反应,将氨基可控地引入到MPPM表面。采用FTIR、XPS和ESEM对氨基化膜表面的化学组成及物理形态进行了表征;考察了氨基化膜的表面亲水性及渗透性能。结果表明,氨基化膜表面亲水性显著改善,吸水量可达(1 311.29±97.56)μg/cm2,为未修饰MPPM的145倍;制得的氨基化膜具有良好的水通量和金属离子渗透性能。     

稀释剂对TIPS法等规聚丙烯中空纤维微孔膜孔径及其连通性的影响

热致相分离（TIPS）法制备等规聚丙烯（iPP）中空纤维微孔膜,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）的混合溶剂作为制膜稀释剂。干/湿氮气流量法测定了α（稀释剂中DBP的质量分数）和β（铸膜液中聚合物的质量分数）对膜样品的平均孔径及其分布的影响,并采用膜孔曲折因子定量表达膜孔连通性。发现全部膜样品均体现窄孔径分布特征。对于相同的β, α增加导致平均孔径及膜孔连通性下降。α=0.20时,β增加,膜的平均孔径先增加后降低,膜孔曲折因子稍下降; α=0.35或0.50时,β增加,膜的平均孔径降低,膜孔曲折因子下降。膜孔连通性体现了膜内部的拓扑结构,共溶剂组成和铸膜液固含量能够调节iPP中空纤维微孔膜的孔径及其连通性。     

Effect of diluents on membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation

The effect of diluents on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation was investigated. The diluents were methyl salicylate (MS), diphenyl ether (DPE), and diphenylmethane (DPM). The cloud-point curve was shifted to a lower temperature in the order iPP–MS, iPP–DPE, and iPP–DPM, whereas the crystallization temperature was not influenced so much by diluent type. Droplet-growth processes were investigated under two conditions: quenching the polymer solution at the desired temperature and cooling at a constant rate. Although droplet sizes were in the order iPP–MS, iPP–DPE, and iPP–DPM in both cases, the difference was more pronounced with the constant cooling rate condition. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that interconnected structures were obtained when the polymer solution was quenched in ice water. The effect of the diluents on these structures was observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 169–177, 2001     

聚丙烯膜表面磷脂自组装/交联改性及其表面性能

发展了一种基于分子自组装/交联的聚丙烯微孔膜(PPMM)表面改性方法,以含不饱和长烷基链的两亲性天然卵磷脂为改性剂,首先通过分子自组装在PPMM表面形成类磷脂组装层,再采用紫外线原位聚合交联方法在PPMM表面构建稳定的类磷脂仿生修饰层,进而赋予PPMM表面优异的亲水性和生物相容性。分别采用FTIR/ATR和XPS分析确证了改性前后膜表面基团及化学成分的变化。通过水接触角测定、荧光标记蛋白质吸附和酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)实验,考察了类磷脂仿生修饰前后膜表面亲水性和抗蛋白质吸附性能,发现类磷脂仿生修饰后PPMM表面水接触角由130°下降至30°,抗蛋白质吸附性能也得到明显改善;自组装/交联改性PPMM经多次水洗后仍能保持良好的亲水性和抗蛋白质吸附性能,表明膜表面所形成的类磷脂仿生修饰层具有良好的稳定性。     

Surface modification of polypropylene microporous membrane by grafting acrylic acid using physisorbed initiators method

Surface modification of microporous polypropylene (PP) membrane was performed by graft polymerization of acrylic acid using physisorbed initiators method. The factors effecting on the grafting degree such as monomer concentration, reaction temperature and initiator density were determined. The morphological and microstructure changes of the membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pure water contact angle, protein adsorbed amount, water flux, and antifouling property of the grafted membrane were investigated. The results indicated that the pore size and porosity of the grafted membrane were reduced and the static contact angle of pure water on the grafted membrane decreased from 108° to 40° with the increase of grafting degree. The amount of protein adsorbed on the grafted membrane decreased about 30% compared to the virgin polypropylene membrane when the grafting degree was 18.71%. Though the water flux reduced, the flux recovery of the grafted membrane increased 82.66% with the grafting degree 16.0%. The hydrophilic and antifouling property of the grafted membrane also were improved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009