燃烧合成法制备Al-Cr2O3体系新型隔热材料

以Cr2O3粉、Al粉、Al2O3粉为原料,利用燃烧合成方法,通过优化工艺参数,制备出耐高温、导热系数小、常温耐压强度高的新型隔热材料.XRD和EDS分析表明合成材料主要由Al2O3和少量的(Cr,Al)2O3固溶体、AlN、Cr、Al8O3N6、Cr3P构成.合成材料的性能指标如下:耐火度1800℃,常温耐压强度为26 Mpa,600℃时的导热系数为0.92 W·(m·K)-1,体积密度为1.68 g·cm-3,显气孔率为46%.该材料作为使用温度大于1500℃的隔热材料具有较好的应用前景.     

弯头内衬陶瓷涂层的燃烧合成与应用

介绍了燃烧合成涂层技术制备内衬陶瓷复合弯头的工艺原理 ,在此基础上 ,以铝粉、氧化铁粉和SiO2 粉为原料 ,研制了内衬陶瓷涂层复合弯头。实验表明 :该陶瓷涂层由α Al2 O3 、FeO·Al2 O3 和 3Al2 O3 ·2SiO2 组成 ;添加SiO2 能有效地提高该涂层在涂敷过程中Al2 O3 、Fe熔体的流动性 ,使其凝固、结晶过程得到控制 ,有助于减少陶瓷涂层的孔隙 ,提高致密度。现场应用试验表明 ,该陶瓷涂层具有较好的耐磨性能 ,可大大延长弯头的使用寿命     

Al粉和Si粉对铬刚玉质材料显微结构的影响

以w(Al2O3)=99.48%的板状刚玉细粉和颗粒料(粒度为5～3、3～1和≤1 mm)、w(Al2O3>)=99.15%的α-Al2O3微粉、w(Cr2O3):99.62%的Cr2O3微粉为主要原料,研究了在氧化气氛下1 500℃保温3 h处理后Al粉(加入量(w)分别为3%、6%、9%、12%、15%)和Si粉(加入量(w)为3%)复合加入时对铬刚玉质材料显微结构的影响.结果表明:经过1 500℃保温3 h处理后,Al粉和Si粉的引入改变了材料的结构,使材料的边缘部位结构致密,中心部位结构疏松.在试样表层,Si氧化生成SiO2,SiO2与Al2O3反应生成莫来石,产生体积膨胀,封闭了材料表面的气孔;同时,Al粉原位反应生成了活性较大的Al2O3,并与Cr2O3反应生成铝铬固溶体,使材料烧结更致密,阻止了O2的进入,使材料内部缺氧,于是材料中心部位的Al、Si不能被氧化,Al把Cr2O3中的Cr置换出来,一部分Cr与Si生成金属间化合物Cr5Si3,另一部分则以单质Cr的形态存在于材料中.     

添加剂对高炉热风炉用镁质材料抗蠕变性能的影响

以粒度分别为3～1、≤1和≤0.088 mm的电熔镁砂为主要原料,在颗粒与细粉质量比固定为67.5:32.5的条件下,分别加入3%(w)的α-Al2O3粉、Cr2O3粉、钛白粉、脱硅锆粉、铁磷粉等添加剂,在高温隧道窑中于1 760℃110 min烧成后,研究添加剂种类对镁质材料蠕变性能的影响;然后,选择抗蠕变性能较好的添加剂α-Al2O3和Cr2O3,研究分别单独添加α-Al2O3粉(其质量分数分别为0、2.5%、5%、7.5%和10%)和复合添加α-Al2O3粉与Cr2O3粉(在α-Al2O3,粉质量分数为5%的基础上,再分别添加1%、3%和5%的Cr2O3粉)对镁质材料抗蠕变性能的影响.结果表明:(1)添加α-Al2O3粉、Cr2O3,粉和铁鳞粉对高炉热风炉用镁质材料的抗蠕变性有利,但添加铁鳞的抗热震性较差,不适合作高炉热风炉用镁质材料的添加剂;添加钛白粉和脱硅锆不利于材料的高温抗蠕变性.(2)在添加5%的α-Al2O3粉基础上复合添加Cr2O3,粉时,其质量分数以1%～3%为宜;以5%α-Al2O3,+3%Cr2O3作为镁质材料的复合添加剂,材料的抗蠕变性优于热风炉用低蠕变高铝砖的,其1 450℃保温50 h的蠕变率仅为低蠕变高铝砖的一半.     

过渡相Cr2O3对Al-Al2O3复合滑板微观结构及性能的影响

以板状刚玉、电熔白剐玉、工业Cr2O3微粉和金属Al粉为原料,热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂,在1 450℃保温6h埋炭烧成获得添加过渡相的Al-Al2O3复合滑板.结果表明:Cr2O3微粉在l450℃保温6h埋炭烧成后不能稳定存在,会转变为Cr3C2、Cr7C3或Al8Cr5铝铬金属间化合物,其存在状态由其添加量决定.复合滑板中(Al2OC)1-x(AlN)x、Al4O4C、Cr3C2及Cr7C3为增强相,Al8Cr5铝铬金属间化合物为塑性相.当Cr2O3微粉含量为3％(质量分数)时,复合滑板的组成为Al-Al4O4C-Al2O3;当添加Cr2O3微粉为6％、9％和12％时,复合滑板的组成为Al8Cr5-(Al2OC)1-x(AlN)x-Al2O3;当添加Cr2O3微粉为15％时,复合滑板的组成为Al8Cr5-Al2O3.当Cr2O3微粉含量为6％时,Al8Cr5-(Al2OC)1-x(AlN)x-Al2O3复合滑板物理性能最佳.在1 450℃保温6h埋炭烧成条件下,Cr2O3微粉表现为过渡相.     

Fe/Al2O3陶瓷涂层在HNO3溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

采用喷涂和溶胶-凝胶相结合的方法制备了Fe／Al2O3陶瓷涂层。对其与45号钢在65％HNO3溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究。应用金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析陶瓷涂层的界面和组成。结果表明，Fe／Al2O3陶瓷涂层材料结构致密，孔隙率少，涂层与基体结合良好，能够有效阻止腐蚀液向陶瓷涂层内部浸入，其耐腐蚀性能明显高于钢基体；涂层中α-／Al2O3，FeAlO3以及Fe3Al相的均匀分布，提高了陶瓷涂层材料的耐腐蚀性。     

透明MgAl2O4晶须的制备与表征

本文采用MgO粉和金属Al粉为原料,在氮气气氛下制备MgAl2O4晶须,研究了TiO2、SiO2或Cr2O3等供氧添加剂和制备条件对晶须合成率的影响并分析了晶须的物相组成和结构.结果表明:最佳MgO/Al=2/3;添加SiO2或Cr2O3不利于晶须合成;添加TiO2对合成晶须有促进作用,最佳TiO2加入量为40%;采用氧化铝坩埚比采用釉面陶瓷坩埚好,最佳保温时间为6 h.合成的晶须为MgAl2O4,空间群Fd3M,晶格常数a=b=c=0.8083 nm,MgO 28.3%,Al2O3 71.7%;晶须呈透明柱状,最大长度为20～30 mm,长径比20～400.     

B位Cr3+-Fe3+共掺杂铝酸镧的红外辐射性能

以La2O3粉、Al2O3粉、Cr2O3粉、Fe2O3粉为原料,按照LaAl1-x-yCrxFeyO3(x=y=0,0.1,0.2,0.25)的化学计量比配料,依次经球磨、烘干、在1200℃预烧、再球磨、成型、1600℃保温2 h烧结后,制备了Cr3+-Fe3+共掺杂铝酸镧材料,然后利用XRD、XPS、IR等手段进行分...     

Ni/Al、NiCr粘结层的耐蚀性能研究

以Ni/Al、NiCr为粘结层材料 ,Cr2 O3 为陶瓷层 ,用等离子喷涂技术在 45 # 钢上制得了Ni/Al Cr2 O3 和NiCr Cr2 O3 双层涂层 ,通过电化学方法对带涂层的试样的腐蚀行为进行了研究 ,并采用扫描电镜对双层涂层的腐蚀形貌进行了分析。结果表明 ,在有盐性介质存在的情形下 ,NiCr比Ni/Al有更好的耐蚀性。     

添加剂对超硬材料陶瓷结合剂显微结构的影响

本文以金属Al粉和α-Al2O3微粉为添加剂,研究其添加量对陶瓷结合剂性能和显微结构的影响.通过X-ray衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析得知,金属Al粉添加量为4wt％,在620℃温度下烧成时,金属Al粉主要以单质熔融铝的形式存在,且熔融铝与陶瓷结合剂结合良好,使得试样的强度比基础陶瓷结合剂提高了10.3％;试样中单独加入α-Al2O3,微粉可以提高陶瓷结合剂的粘度,有效防止烧成过程中的不均匀变形,同时可以提高陶瓷结合剂的致密度;金属Al粉添加量为2wt％,同时加入30wt％的α-Al2O3,在680℃下烧成时,大部分的金属Al粉被氧化为氧化铝,α-Al2O3微粉和金属Al粉氧化生成的氧化铝进一步增强了陶瓷结合剂的致密度,并且与陶瓷结合剂反应生成可以拓宽烧结范围、抑制裂纹延伸的霞石( NaAlSiO4),使得试样的强度比基础陶瓷结合剂提高了195.5％.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。