La0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3系阴极材料的电性能

La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3系(LSCF)钙钛矿结构氧化物是一类性能优异的离子-电子混合导体,同时具有良好的化学稳定性和催化活性,有望作为中低温下工作的固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的候选材料.本文考察了La0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3(y=0.2～0.8)系材料的导电机制.XPS光电子能谱分析表明,除了存在小极化子导电机制外,同时还可能存在以下几种机理:1)热激发引起Co3 离子的电荷歧化;2)高温下氧空位生成导致的离子补偿;3)Fe4 较Co4 优先进行电荷补偿.     

La0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3系阴极材料制备及表征

La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3系(LSCF)钙钛矿结构氧化物是一类性能优异的离子-电子混合导体,同时具有良好的化学稳定性和催化活性,有望作为中低温条件下工作的固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的候选材料.本文采用固相反应法制备了多孔La0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3(y=0.2～0.8)氧化物陶瓷,通过XRD,TG/DTA等测试技术研究了LSCF的结构与制备过程,采用直流四探针法测试了样品的电导率,同时考察了这类组成样品的热膨胀系数.结果表明,这类组成的电导率都有着相同的变化趋势,即先随温度升高而增大,至极大值后又开始降低.分析表明,除了存在小极化子导电机制外,同时还可能存在以下几种机理:1)热激发引起Co3 离子的电荷歧化;2)高温下氧空位生成导致的离子补偿;3)Fe4 较Co4 优先进行电子补偿.     

La1-xSrxCo0.2Fe0.8O3系阴极材料制备及表征

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种先进的能量转换装置,具有高效、无污染、环境友好等优点,阴极材料是它的重要组件.La1-xSrxCo0.2Fe0.8O3钙钛矿结构氧化物是一类性能优异的离子-电子混合导体,可作为其阴极材料.本文采用固相反应法制备出固体氧化物燃料电池的多孔阴极材料La1-xSrxCo0.2Fe0.8O3(LSCF,x=0.1～0.6),通过XRD,TG/DTA等测试技术研究了LSCF的结构与制备过程,采用直流四探针法测试了样品的电导率,同时测定了这类组成样品的热膨胀系数.结果表明,制备的样品为单一钙钛矿相,随着Sr含量增加,XRD衍射峰值向高角度方向稍有偏移.电导率随着温度及Sr含量的变化出现极大值,其导电机理在低温下是以小极化子跃迁机理为主,高温下则是氧空位的电荷补偿占主导地位.     

La0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3的混合导电性研究

采用直流四探针法和两端子电子阻塞电极交流阻抗谱研究了GNP法制备La0．6Sr0．4Co1-yFeyO3陶瓷的电子-离子混合导电性能．在室温-900℃范围内，La0．6Sr0．4CoO3的电子电导率随温度的升高而单调降低，其它样品的电子电导率随温度的升高在600℃附近达到最大值．La0．6Sr0．4Co1-yFeyO3陶瓷的氧离子电导率随温度的升高而增加．在相同温度下，随着Co／Fe比例的增加，La0．6Sr0．4Co1-yFeyO3陶瓷的电子电导率和氧离子电导率增加，电子导电活化能和离子导电活化能降低．氧离子迁移数随温度的升高而增加，随Co／Fe比例的增加而降低．     

(Pr1-xNdx)0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ体系双稀土阴极材料的氧化学扩散系数及电学性能的研究

采用固相反应法合成了(Pr1-xNdx)0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8)钙钛矿氧化物系样品,采用XRD分析物相结构,采用XPS分析化学状态,用电导弛豫法研究了(Pr1-xNdx)0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ系样品的氧化学扩散性能.实验结果表明,(Pr1-...     

Sr掺杂量对La_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_(3-δ)离子导电性能的影响

本文从La1 -xSrxMnO3-δ材料的缺陷结构出发 ,探讨了材料在高温条件下离子 (氧离子 )导电的形成机制。分析了Sr掺杂量对氧离子导电性的影响 ,发现当Sr掺杂量x =0 .5时 ,La1 -xSrxMnO3-δ材料的离子电导率达到最大 ,因为在这一掺杂浓度时 ,材料中形成了最佳的氧空 (氧离子 )传输通道。     

La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)-Ce_(0.9)Gd_(0.1)O_(1.95)高温电导弛豫的研究

通过直流四端法研究了钙钛矿型混合导体La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF)和La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ-Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95(LSCF-GDC)复合材料的高温电学性质.通过电导率测试得出单相LSCF和LSCF-GDC的小极化子导电活化能分别为Ea1=9.72kJ/mol和Ea2=10.64kJ/mol.突然改变氧分压条件进行电导弛豫测试,进而研究了二者的氧表面交换性质.测定了温度范围在600~800℃、氧分压在21~34kPa之间变化时两种样品的表面交换系数为kchem为2.87×10-6~6.91×10-6cm/s.讨论认为GDC对氧表面交换过程的催化作用与引入GDC对材料微结构的影响共同促进了复合材料中的氧输运过程.根据两种样品氧表面交换系数和温度的关系估算了氧表面交换过程活化能.     

聚合物协助燃烧法合成La0.8Sr0.2Co0.5Fe0.5O3-δ纳米粉体

为开发新型高性能中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料,以La、Sr、Co和Fe的硝酸盐、葡萄糖和丙烯酰胺为原料,在pH=8-10的碱性条件,通过聚合物协助燃烧法制备了La0.8 Sr0.2 Co0.5 Fe0.5 O3-δ(LSCF)钙钛矿相纳米粉体.用XRD、SEM和TEM表征了LSCF粉体的相结构和微观形貌,结果显示,在...     

LSCF系钙钛矿型致密透氧膜的制备及其透氧性能

通过柠檬酸-EDTA络合法合成了不同的A位Sr取代的LSCF系钙钛矿型粉体材料La0.1Sr0.9Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δLa0.3Sr0.7Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δLa0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ和La0.8Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ采用XRD测试手段对粉体及膜片的晶体结构进行了表征.用静压片法制备透氧膜,并测定了LSCF系钙钛矿膜的透氧量,分析了温度和A位Sr不同掺杂量等因素对膜透氧性能的影响.结果表明,该系列膜的透氧量均随着温度升高而增大,随着Sr掺杂量的增加而增大.并在850℃下对透氧膜100h透氧稳定性进行实验研究,结果表明,膜片的透氧量随时间没有明显变化,表现出良好的稳定性.     

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池陶瓷阴极材料

综述了中低温固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）陶瓷阴极材料的研究和发展动态，以及当前应用中存在的主要问题，这些陶瓷材料包括A2Ru2O7-δ陶瓷，具有钙钛矿结构的La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3(LSCF)型陶瓷以及Ag-YDB(Y2O3doped Bi2O3）复合陶瓷。     

The Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Equation in an Anisotropic Material

In this work, the phase-lag concept in the wave theory of heat conduction is extended to describe the thermal behavior of an anisotropic material. This is achieved by assuming that there are phase lags of different magnitudes between each component of the heat flux vector and the summation of temperature gradients in all directions of the orthogonal coordinate system. Also, expressions are provided to specify the locations of the principal coordinate axes, the principal thermal conductivities, and the principal thermal relaxation times.     

The Validity of Using the Microscopic Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Model Under a Harmonic Fluctuating Boundary Heating Source

The validity of using the microscopic hyperbolic heat conduction model under a harmonic fluctuating boundary heating source is investigated. It is found that using the microscopic hyperbolic heat conduction model is essential when . The phase shift between the electron-gas and solid-lattice temperatures is found to be . This phase shift reaches a fixed value of 1.5708 rad at very large values of . It is found that the use of the microscopic hyperbolic heat conduction model is essential when ¯>1×10⁹ rads^–1 for most metallic layers independent of their thickness.     

Electrical transport properties of III-nitrides

Excellent n-type GaN layers have been grown by all of the major epitaxial techniques: MBE, MOCVD, and HVPE. In this work, we analyze the band conduction in such samples by temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurement and theory, and determine quantitative information on donor and acceptor concentrations, as well as donor activation energies. In HVPE layers it is necessary to take account of a degenerate n-type layer at the GaN/sapphire interface in order to correctly analyze the bulk material. We also investigate hopping conduction, which occurs at low temperatures in conductive material, and at both low and high temperatures in semi-insulating material. Finally, we show by analysis of electron-irradiation data that both the N vacancy and the N interstitial are electrically active, demonstrating donor and acceptor character, respectively.     

Transport in macroscopically inhomogeneous materials

We consider electrical and thermal transport in macroscopically inhomogeneous materials, when the two components forming a mixture have very different conductance properties. Because of their complexity, such systems are sometimes modeled by resistor networks. It is shown that the most natural models violate the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds to the effective conductivity of continuous composite materials. The distribution of the Joule heat between the phases, in the case of electrical conductance, is also largely erroneous. Thus, better estimates of conductance properties are obtained by disregarding detailed information about the phase geometry and instead using general methods for continuous materials, valid for a wide class of geometries.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Macroscale Biomolecular Electronics and Ionics

The conduction of ions and electrons over multiple length scales is central to the processes that drive the biological world. The multidisciplinary attempts to elucidate the physics and chemistry of electron, proton, and ion transfer in biological charge transfer have focused primarily on the nano‐ and microscales. However, recently significant progress has been made on biomolecular materials that can support ion and electron currents over millimeters if not centimeters. Likewise, similar transport phenomena in organic semiconductors and ionics have led to new innovations in a wide variety of applications from energy generation and storage to displays and bioelectronics. Here, the underlying principles of conduction on the macroscale in biomolecular materials are discussed, highlighting recent examples, and particularly the establishment of accurate structure–property relationships to guide rationale material and device design. The technological viability of biomolecular electronics and ionics is also discussed.     

A comparative study on various time integration schemes for heat wave simulation

The performance of several explicit and implicit time advancement schemes of first-order ODEs are examined for heat wave simulation with different boundary conditions. It is found that the boundary conditions have a considerable influence on the stiffness property of the hyperbolic heat conduction equation, due to the occurrence of thermal shock waves, and hence, according to the type of the enforced boundary conditions, a specific time integration scheme has to be performed in order to obtain an accurate and efficient solution. The results of the considered time integration schemes are also compared with analytical solution and based on the obtained results, some recommendations regarding the numerical simulation of hyperbolic heat conduction are presented.     

Nd掺杂的BaCeO3的阻抗谱和电性能研究

以固相反应法成功获得单一立方相的钙钛矿型化合物,ＢａＣｅ１－ｘＮｄｘＯ３－ａ。采用交流阻抗谱技术分别在空气,氧气和氩气以及不同水蒸气分压的湿空气中,于３００－７５０℃范围内研究Ｎｄ掺杂的ＢａＣｅＯ３样品的电学性质。     

各向异性介质二维稳态热传导问题的分析解

本文利用双变量函数及其偏导数在闭区间上完整的双重付里叶级数表达式求得矩形区域中各向异性介质稳态热传导问题的分析解。文中例子给出各向异性介质内的温度场和热流密度的数字结果,并讨论介质的各向异性效应。     

Non-Fourier heat conduction in a finite medium with arbitrary source term and initial conditions

The non-Fourier heat conduction in a finite medium under the influence of arbitrary source term and initial conditions is investigated analytically. First, the source terms which are periodic in time and arbitrary in space are considered. Then the arbitrary but separable source term is investigated by the use of Duhamel’s theorem. In both cases the initial conditions are arbitrary. The analytical closed-form solutions are presented in form of Fourier series. Finally, a numerical example with non-smooth initial conditions is solved and the results of analytical solution and also those of numerical simulation are presented and a good agreement is established.     

Two-dimensional non-Fourier heat conduction with arbitrary initial and periodic boundary conditions

In this paper, the (2+1)-dimensional hyperbolic heat conduction equation is analytically solved under the influence of arbitrary initial conditions for a rectangular plate with homogeneous boundary conditions of first-kind. The temperature field is obtained as a double Fourier series. The presented solution is valid even for discontinuous but integrable initial conditions. Afterwards, the solution is generalized by means of a transformation to cover problems with inhomogeneous first-kind boundary conditions. Another interesting issue is that the obtained solution can be considered as a solution to the Klein–Gordon equation under the influence of arbitrary initial conditions by means of a simple transformation.