Catalytic activity of Au/Fe-PILC and Au/Fe-oxide catalysts for catalytic combustion of formaldehyde

Iron polymeric hydroxygroups pillared clays （Fe-PILC） were prepared by Na^＋-montmorillonite with iron pillaring agent. 2.01Au/Fe-PILC catalyst was obtained by deposited-precipitation （DP） method. 2.52Au/Fe-oxide catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation method. The catalytic activity of these catalysts was measured by catalytic combustion of formaldehyde. The catalyst of 2.01Au/Fe-PILC exhibits the high catalytic activity. The catalytic combustion reaction of formaldehyde proceeds at considerable rates at 20 ℃ and complete burn-off of formaldehyde is achieved at 120 ℃. The structure of catalysts, the valence state of gold and the size of gold particles were investigated by means of X-ray powder diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that gold atoms with partially positive charge exist in the catalyst and play an important role in the catalytic activity. In addition, nano-sized, well-dispersed gold particles and good adsorption properties of support are necessary to obtain high activity Au catalysts for catalytic combustion of formaldehyde.     

Preparation and desulfurization activity of nano-CeO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalysts

γ-Al_2 O_3-supported CeO_2 catalysts were prepared by microemulsion and impregnation methods and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) techniques. At the same time,the desulfurization activity of catalysts was investigated.The results show that nanoscale active substances and a high desulfurization effect are achieved by microemulsion,exhibiting a significant dominance compared with traditional impregnation method. The optimal preparation condition is temperature of 30 ℃ and ratio of [H_2 O]/[surface active agent] of 7 with slow demulsification. The activated catalysts still keep high and stable desulfurization activity during a wide temperature range of 450-600 ℃.Among a series of prepared catalysts, the desulfurization rate of 6 CeO_2/γ-Al_2 O_3 is the highest, reaching up to 80 %when temperature is higher than 550 ℃. The catalytic reduction mechanism of SO_2 over nano-CeO_2/γ-Al_2 O_3 follows redox mechanism.     

Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of Ag-loaded β-Bi2O3 microspheres under visible light irradiation

The visible-light-driven photocatalyst Ag/β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres were synthesized by a simple chemical method. First, β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres were obtained by a thermal treatment of sphere-like Bi₂O₂CO₃ precursor at 360 °C for 3 h in air and then Ag nanoparticles were in situ incorporated into β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres by impregnation method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements. The experimental results demonstrated that the visible light absorption of β-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst is greatly enhanced with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. The SEM and TEM observations revealed that the Ag nanoparticles can be homogenously incorporated in the β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres. The photocatalytic activity of Ag/β-Bi₂O₃ sample was evaluated by the photodegradation of the Rhodamine-B under visible light irradiation as a function of Ag content. It is found that the photocatalytic efficiency of β-Bi₂O₃ can be significantly improved with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles up to 2.0 wt% Ag. The mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity is also presented.     

α-Al_2O_3层厚度对TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN涂层抗氧化性能的影响

为获得抗氧化性能更为优越的TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN复合涂层,本文采用中温化学气相沉积(MT-CVD)在WC-Co硬质合金基体表面沉积不同厚度α-Al_2O_3层的TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN多层涂层,并在1 000℃下对涂层试样进行氧化实验。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段研究α-Al_2O_3层厚度对TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN涂层抗氧化性能的影响,确定可显著提高涂层抗氧化性能的α-Al_2O_3层厚度,同时探索涂层的抗氧化机理。结果表明:随着α-Al_2O_3层厚度的增加,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN多层涂层试样氧化后质量增量减少,涂层氧化增厚降低。当α-Al_2O_3层厚度为6.5μm时,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN涂层的抗氧化性能显著提高。随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层阻止O向涂层内部扩散及Al、Ti向外部涂层扩散能力增强,抗氧化性能更优越。     

Decomposition mechanisms and non-isothermal kinetics of LiHC_2O_4·H_2O

The thermal decomposition process of LiHC2O4·H2O from 30 to 600 ℃ was investigated by the thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The phases decomposited at different temperature were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated the decompositions at 150, 170, and 420℃, relating to LiHC2O4, Li2C2O4, Li2C2O4, and Li2CO3, respectively. Reaction mechanisms in the whole sintering process were determined, and the model fitting kinetic approaches were applied to data for non...     

载体中ZrO_2/Al_2O_3比对Pt/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂性能的影响（英文）

相比汽油车而言,柴油车具有高效、低油耗的优势已得到广泛应用。本实验以ZrO_2作为改性剂,探究了ZrO_2与Al_2O_3的质量比对催化剂的影响。结果表明:随着ZrO_2的加入,Pt粒子先减小后增大;Pt粒子与载体的交互作用先增大后减小。活性实验数据的分析表明,ZrO2的最佳添加质量分数为40%,CO和C_3H_6完全氧化温度分别降低20和25℃。贵金属在催化剂的分散度以及贵金属与载体的相互作用随着ZrO_2与Al_2O_3质量比的变化而变化。Pt粒子越小,其与载体的交互作用越强,这表明催化剂性能越强。     

^THE FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF δ-Al_2O_3/Al ALLOY COMPOSITES

1.IntroductionThefracturemechanismanalysisofshortfiberreinf0rcedmetalmatrixc0mp0sites(SFRMMCs)isaveryimp0rtantaspectinthemicrthstructuralstudy0fthec0mpositemechanicalperformances.Generally,therearethreekinds0fthefailuremodesinshortfiberreinforcedmetalmatrixc0mpositesll]:(1)Thet0ughfractUrecausedbyinitiating,growingandc0alescingofthev0idsinthematrix0fcomposite;(2)Thebrittlefracture0fthefibers;(3)Thedebondingoftheinterfacebetweenfiberandmatrix.Inagivenc0mposite,thesefailurem0desmaytakeplaces…     

Effect of π-Al_2O_3 on electrochemical nucleation and chemical binding interaction in nickel electrodeposition

1 INTRODUCTION In recent years , nanometer composite electric brush plating technology has been developed.It is a kind of novel surface repairingtechnology ,which can prepare excellent surface coating[1 7]. The technology is at the stage of development , its foundational theory and application field must be expended. Up to now, investigations have been mainly focused on preparing coating,testing per- formance and developing new brush-plating solu- tion,little attentionis paidto the study …     

Preparation of ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 micro-laminated coatings on stainless steel and their high temperature oxidation resistance

1 INTRODUCTIONIn recent years , micro-laminated coatings witha great potential for applications have attractedconsiderable interest . The micro-laminated coat-ings can dramatically i mprove many properties in-cluding fracture toughness ,fatigue behavior ,i m-pact behavior , oxidation resistance , hot corrosionresistance ,etc[1].It is evident that the formabili-ty ,shape ,and the fracture resistance of the coat-ings during forming andin service depend not onlyon the properties of the indivi…     

Determination of ohmic/voltage drop and factors influencing anodic overvoltage of carbon anodes in Na_3AlF_6-Al_2O_3 based melts

1　INTRODUCTIONAlthoughtheanodicprocessandmeasurementofanodicovervoltageincryolite aluminameltshavebeenthesubjectsofnumerousinvestigations ,problemssuchasthereactionmechanismandtherate deter miningstepoftheanodereactionarestillcontrover sialandneedclarification .Theexperimentalinforma tionischaracterisedbymajordivergenceregardingthemagnitudeandthetypeofanodicovervoltage ,whichismostlikelycausedbythefollowingfac tors[16 ] :1)Theanodicovervoltagediffersamongtheva rietyofcarbonmaterials,sucha…     

Effect of annealing atmosphere on the kinetics and mechanism of low-temperature decomposition of the nonstoichiometric Ba2YCu3O7−δ ceramics

The effect of heat treatments in helium, nitrogen, and vacuum (P = 10^?2, 20, and 100 mmHg) on the kinetics of low-temperature decomposition (T < 400°C) of the nonstoichiometric Ba₂YCu₃O_7?δ ceramics has been studied. The decomposition in the vacuum was found to be very slow; the rate of the decomposition in both helium and nitrogen is substantially higher. The results obtained indicate the strong effect of the nature of gas absorbed on the grain surface. Possible mechanisms of the effect of absorption on the kinetics of low-temperature decomposition are considered.     

Preparation and mechanical properties of Fe_3Al/Al_2O_3 nano-/micro-composite

1　INTRODUCTIONAlumina(Al2 O3)ceramicsareoftenconsideredforstructuralapplications,duetotheirpropertiesofhighhardness ,chemicalandwearresistanceandgoodmechanicalpropertiesatroomandhightemperature .Thewellknownlimitationfortheseceramics ,how ever ,istheverylowtoughness .Recentstudieshaveshownsignificantimprovementsinmechanicalprop erties ,includingtoughness ,byaddingductilesecondphaseparticles ,suchasNi,Al,MoandCu[14 ] .Anincreaseof 80 % 333%inthefracturetoughnesshasbeenreportedforAl2 O3…     

Structure and micro-tribological properties of PTFE/Al_2O_3 micro-assembling film

1　INTRODUCTIONComparedwithBabbittpadsofthrustbearing ,theelasticmetallic plasticpadspossessthecombina tionofreliablerunning ,excellentperformance ,flexi bleoperation ,convenientinstallationandlongservicelife.Thereforetheelasticmetallic plasticpadsarewidelyemployedinverticalelectricmachinesofhy dropower plants .Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE )hasbeenusedasthesurfacematerialoftheelasticmetallic plasticpadsbecauseofitslowfrictioncoeffi cientandelectricalinsulation[1] ;butitsstrengthandwearr…     

Ti_3AlC_2-Al_2O_3/TiAl_3复合材料700~1000℃的循环氧化行为

研究了Ti_3AlC_2-Al_2O_3/TiAl_3复合材料在700~1000℃温度区间内的循环氧化行为,探讨了多相条件下的循环氧化机理。结果表明,复合材料具有优异的高温循环氧化性能,在700~900℃温度区间只能生成单一的Al_2O_3膜,而在1000℃下氧化膜主要为Al_2O_3和金红石型Ti O_2的混合物。由于复合材料的多相贯穿结构及Ti_3Al C_2相的选择性氧化,最终的氧化产物具有明显的多孔特征。     

Modified combustion synthesis of γ-LiAlO2 using metal oxides

An alternative solution for the direct formation of γ-LiAlO₂ was presented by a modified combustion method, to apply it to rather simple systems, utilizing non-oxidizer compounds such as Al₂O₃ and LiOH, and urea as fuel. LiAlO₂ was prepared via non-stoichiometric 1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1 of Li/Al molar ratios at 900 and 1000 °C for 5 min. Textural and structural characterization of γ-LiAlO₂ was performed. Also, the effect of different Li/Al molar ratios on material morphology and its stability before high gamma radiation gradients was evaluated. The results showed that the crystal structures of the obtained powders were γ-LiAlO₂ and α-LiAlO₂, depending on the Li/Al molar ratio. The results obtained demonstrate that γ-LiAlO₂ microbricks, polyhedral and laminar shapes can be successfully synthesized with the proposed method and without any subsequent process. Additionally, gamma irradiation showed that the γ-LiAlO₂ obtained does not decompose, forming only small amounts of Li₂CO₃. It can be established that the irradiation produces consolidation, which is not favourable for an efficient extraction of tritium. Finally, it could be demonstrated that nitrate precursors are not necessary in the combustion method to produce γ-LiAlO₂ with high purity.     

高能反应球磨法制备Fe_3Al/α-Al_2O_3纳米复合粉体

以Fe、Al和Fe2O3粉体为原料,采用高能球磨法制备了Fe3Al/α-Al2O3纳米复合粉体,采用X射线衍射仪研究了球磨时间对粉体物相的变化规律。结果表明:以Fe、Al和Fe2O3粉体为原始材料,高能球磨250min可制备Fe3Al/α-Al2O3纳米复合粉体;在高能反应球磨过程中,Fe2O3、Al和Fe之间的反应分为3步,分别是:2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe、6Al+Fe=Al6Fe和Al6Fe+12Fe=Fe3Al。     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol over RuO2／γ-Al2O3 catalyst

A kind of CWAO catalyst, RuO2/γ-Al2O3, was prepared by dipping Al2O3 into the aqueous solution of RuCl3-3H2O. XRD, SEM and TEM were used to determine the catalytic structure. Influences of the calcination ternperature,the initial pH of the feed solution and degradation temperature on the activity of the RuO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were investigated and the reaction mechanism was preliminarily studied. Results showed that uniform dispersion of RuO2 crystallites was observed on the surface of the catalyst. The activity of the catalyst was higher at calcination temperature of 300℃ for 3 h and the particle reunion occurred and some large RuO2 crystallites were abundant at high calcination temperature of 500℃. The activity of the catalyst was better in the acid solution than in the alkaline solution. Increasing degradation temperature and using the catalyst could shorten the induction periods so that the phenol and COD removal were increased. For RuO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, the phenol and COD removal were respectively 98% and 80% in a temperature of 150℃, pH of 5.6 and pressure of 3 MPa after a 2 h reaction. This indicated that Ru/γ-Al2O3 catalyst had good activity.     

Influence of rare earth promoters on the performance of Ni/Mg（Al）O catalysts for hydrogenation and steam reforming of toluene

CeO₂-, La₂O₃-, and ZrO₂-promoted Ni/Mg(Al)O catalysts synthesized by hydrotalcite-type precursors have been investigated with respect to catalytic activity and carbon formation in the hydrogenation and steam reforming of toluene as a model tar compound. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area and H₂-temperature programmed reduction (TPR) were used to observe the characteristics of the prepared catalysts. The carbon formation and its amount on the used catalysts were examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric (TG). The trend of catalytic activity as derived from the experimental results followed the order: Ni-Ce>Ni-Las>Ni-Zr>Ni. The catalyst modified with CeO₂ exhibited the highest catalytic performance and had good carbon resistance in the hydrogenation and steam reforming of toluene. A toluene conversion of 96.8%, a CH₄ yield of 45.2% and a CO yield of 50.4% have been achieved. The addition of promoters led to better dispersion of nickel species and higher interaction nickel-support, which were favorable for increasing the catalytic activity and effectively preventing carbon formation.     

原位γ-Al_2O_(3(P))/A356复合材料的制备及性能研究

基于SiO_2/A356反应体系,采用熔体直接反应法原位合成了不同体积分数的γ-Al_2O_3颗粒增强A356基复合材料。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、配有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)和金相显微镜(OM)对复合材料的物相和微观组织进行分析,并对其硬度进行测试。结果表明:反应生成了γ-Al_2O_3增强相,γ-Al_2O_3颗粒使得初生α相得到细化,并且颗粒含量越多组织越细;随着原位γ-Al_2O_3颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的硬度提高,当γ-Al_2O_3含量为20vol%时,复合材料的硬度达到113 HV,比基体提高25.6%。     

Analysis of the Active Au Species on Au/α-Fe2O3 Catalyst

采用沉积沉淀法制备了CO低温氧化 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂,利用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、BET 比表面测定、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等表征技术,对比了制备过程 pH 值的微小变化、焙烧及光线照射对催化剂结构及催化性能的影响,探明了 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂的活性物种。结果表明,110 ℃处理的 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂表面同时存在 Au3+、Au0以及过渡态 Auδ+(0<δ<1),它们对 CO 氧化的活性顺序为 Au3+>Auδ+>Au0;pH 值为 8 条件下制备的催化剂 Au3+含量高、比表面积大,催化性能最好;高温焙烧使氧化态金还原的同时也使载体比表面积严重缩小,催化活性显著下降;紫外线照射可以引起 Au3+的逐渐还原以及 Au0 颗粒的生长,其催化失活作用弱于高温焙烧。