原位水化法制备羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合支架材料

以含Ca2+和PO34-的溶液为无机相,壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)溶液为高分子相,采用原位水化法制备羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HAP)/CS复合多孔支架材料。XRD和IR的表征和分析表明水化24h后,复合支架中的钙磷盐从磷酸氢钙(dicalciumphos phate dehydrate,DCPD)转化为HAP。SEM和EDS显示15μm左右的棒状HAP颗粒均匀地分散在多孔支架的孔壁上,压缩强度的测试结果表明这种结构显著提高复合支架的力学性能。     

羟基磷灰石内连通空心球陶瓷支架的形貌特征及力学性能

利用聚苯乙烯微球模板,采用负压抽滤注浆工艺制备了羟基磷灰石(hydroxylapatite,HA)内连通空心球陶瓷支架,分析了制备工艺对空心球陶瓷的形貌特征和力学性能的影响,并研究了孔隙率与压缩强度的关系.结果表明,空心球陶瓷支架具有连通球形孔及连通球体间隙的独特复合孔结构;当注浆2次,浆料固含量为0.5g/ml时支架的孔壁完整,表面形态有利于骨细胞生长;通过改变工艺参数,得到HA空心球陶瓷的孔隙率为61%～90%,压缩强度为1.1～6.9MPa,孔隙率P与压缩强度σf的关系符合ln(σf)=ln(σf0)-bP方程.     

YSZ多孔陶瓷的孔隙结构特征及压缩强度研究

以3%(摩尔分数)Y₂O₃稳定的ZrO₂为原料、异丁烯与马来酸酐共聚物(Isobam-104)为分散剂和凝胶剂、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(DTAC)为发泡剂,采用球磨发泡法制备出氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)多孔陶瓷。研究浆料固含量对YSZ多孔陶瓷制品孔隙结构和压缩强度的影响规律,以及压缩失效机制变化特点。结果表明：在相近发泡率的条件下,固含量在30.5%～33.5%(体积分数)范围内小幅度增加时,所制备的YSZ多孔陶瓷的总孔隙率和平均孔胞尺寸逐渐减小,压缩强度增加;所制备的样品的总孔隙率为79.9%～88.4%,压缩强度为4.7～17.2 MPa,材料的压缩强度与总孔隙率之间的关系同Rice模型相符合;在压缩载荷作用下YSZ多孔陶瓷呈现伪塑性变形,失效破坏的主要形式为剪切破坏。     

有机硅交联剂对硅树脂/聚苯乙烯多孔复合材料性能的影响

以苯乙烯(St)为单体,含甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基的有机硅树脂(MTQ)为交联剂,采用高内相比乳液模板(HIPE)法制备了蜂窝状、低密度及高孔隙率的MTQ/聚苯乙烯(PS)多孔复合材料,研究了MTQ对聚合物多孔复合材料微观结构、压缩性能及热稳定性的影响。结果表明:MTQ/PS多孔复合材料的泡孔呈立体球形且泡孔壁上有丰富的互连孔,相互贯通性良好,泡孔直径为2~9μm,互连孔的孔径大小介于0.35~1.85μm;所得多孔材料孔隙率可控,总孔隙率最高可达92%;该多孔复合材料的压缩强度为0.28~0.74 MPa,压缩模量为4.86~13.54MPa。当MTQ与St的质量比为30:100时,可获得泡孔直径较小、互连孔道较窄、压缩性能和热稳定性较好的MTQ/PS多孔复合材料。      

多孔 n2 HA/ PA26复合材料的制备及性能

采用注塑方法制备了多孔纳米磷灰石/聚酰胺26 (n2 HA/ PA26) 复合材料 , 采用 SEM、XRD、IR、 力学性能测试考察了多孔材料的性能。结果发现 : 多孔纳米磷灰石/聚酰胺26复合材料的孔隙分布均匀 , 贯通性良好 , 孔的尺寸约为 100～700μm , 平均孔径约 300～500μm , 大孔壁上有丰富的微孔 ; 所得多孔复合材料的孔隙率可控 , 总孔隙率最高可达 881 6 %; 多孔材料的总孔隙率降低 , 则开孔率随之降低 ; 多孔纳米磷灰石/聚酰胺26 复合材料的抗压强度为 1. 1～15. 6 MPa , 压缩模量为 0. 4～1. 4 GPa ; 在总孔隙率相近的条件下 , 多孔材料的抗压强度随 n2 HA质量分数增加而升高; 发泡剂和发泡过程对组成纳米磷灰石/聚酰胺26复合材料的两组元材料的性质和结构无影响。这种多孔材料可望作为人体非承重部位的植入骨修复体和组织工程支架使用。     

明胶/掺锶β-磷酸三钙/硫酸钙复合多孔支架的制备与性能

以掺锶β-磷酸三钙/硫酸钙为原料,利用搅拌喷雾干燥法制备出掺锶β-磷酸三钙/硫酸钙复合小球,再将明胶与制备的复合小球复合,制备出明胶/掺锶β-磷酸三钙/硫酸钙复合生物支架。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、红外光谱仪等分析了复合多孔支架的成分、形貌以及结构特征,并研究了复合生物支架的降解性、孔隙率、力学性能和细胞毒性等。结果表明:该复合多孔生物支架具有不规则的孔洞结构,孔径在0.5~1mm之间,且平均孔隙率达到(63±1.77)%,基本能满足骨组织工程支架对孔隙率的要求;复合多孔支架具有良好的抗压强度,其平均抗压强度在(6.3±0.05)MPa左右;该复合多孔支架无细胞毒性,具有较好的降解速率,因此该支架在骨组织修复方面具有良好的应用前景。     

多孔Al_2O_3陶瓷/Al_2O_3超微粉/环氧树脂新型复合材料的性能研究

以孔隙规则排列的Al2O3多孔陶瓷为骨架,制备了多孔Al2O3陶瓷/Al2O3超微粉/环氧树脂新型复合材料。研究了三维连通陶瓷骨架对复合材料力学性能和高温尺寸稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,新型复合材料具有更优越的室温和高温力学性能。当陶瓷骨架含量为16.8%时,其室温的抗弯强度、抗弯模量、抗压强度和抗压模量分别为115.5MPa、3.6GPa、170.2MPa、2.4GPa。在120℃压缩时,其抗压强度、抗压模量分别为47.8MPa、0.9GPa。新型复合材料具有良好的高温尺寸稳定性,在180℃尚未发现变形。     

β-磷酸三钙/聚乳酸复合多孔支架材料的制备及性能

采用薄膜层叠-盐沥滤法制备了β-磷酸三钙/聚乳酸复合多孔支架材料,并对支架材料进行了傅立叶变换红外光谱分析、扫描电镜分析、差示扫描量热分析和动态热力学分析.结果表明,相同致孔剂含量时,添加β-TCP能增大支架材料的孔隙率,67%的支架材料孔隙率高达89%;PLA中适量添加β-TCP能提高储能模量E',33%和50%的支架材料E'分别提高到17.2MPa和17.5MPa添加β-TCP使支架材料的熔点和玻璃化转变温度移向高温.β-TCP含量为50%的β-TCP/PLA复合材料的孔隙率为80%,孔径适中,储能模量达到17.5MPa,能够很好的满足骨组织工程支架的要求.     

PEO/CaC03/PLA复合材料开孔结构的制备

采用聚乳酸(PLA)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)熔融共混制备具有开孔结构的PLA多孔材料,借助于扫描电镜、孔隙率、热分析和压缩性能的测试方法,研究了连续混炼工艺对多孔材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明,过高或过低的转子转速和加料量都会导致多孔材料孔隙率的下降.当转子转速为600 r/min,加料量为2.61 kg/h时,孔隙率达到最大值76.8％.压缩模量和压缩强度分别为4.3 MPa和2.9 MPa.提高转子转速有利于多孔材料结晶性能的提高.     

超临界CO2反复循环萃取法制备PLA/TCP多孔组织工程支架材料

相对于传统的超临界CO2（SC—CO2）一次性升压法，采用SC—CO2反复循环萃取法制备了聚乳酸（PLA）／磷酸三钙（TCP）复合多孔支架材料，以提高材料的孔洞连通率。本文研究了材料的开孔率，不同PLA和TCP配比材料的孔洞形态以及材料的力学性能。结果表明，反复循环萃取法制备的材料比传统的一次性升压法制备的材料的开孔率可以提高10%左右，孔径在200-300μm之间，孔壁上有丝网型等几种适合细胞种植的特殊微隙形态；TCP在PLA支架中的分散性很好；材料压缩模量和压缩强度分别可达71.8和7．1MPa，比单纯的PLA材料明显增加。     

Porous bioceramics reinforced by coating gelatin

Porous bioceramics with high porosity for bone tissue engineering were fabricated by the foam impregnation technique, but their mechanical strength was poor, only a mean compressive strength of 1.04 ± 0.15 MPa and an mean elastic modulus of 0.1 GPa. In order to reinforce porous ceramics, the ceramic samples were immerged in 5% gelatin solution and gelatin coatings were formed on the inter-surface of their pores. It was found that the mean compressive strength value and the mean elastic modulus value of porous samples coated with gelatin were improved to 5.17 ± 0.17 MPa and 0.3 GPa respectively without sacrificing their porosity greatly. Moreover composite samples were not as fragile as sintered ceramics. The results indicated that the gelatin coatings on the inter-surface of pores reinforced porous bioceramics effectively.     

聚乳酸涂层改善网状羟基磷灰石陶瓷支架力学性能的研究

采用有机泡沫浸渍法制备出高孔隙率的三维网状羟基磷灰石(HA)生物陶瓷支架,并采用不同浓度的聚乳酸(PDLLA)溶液涂覆网状HA支架,以达到增强补韧网化陶瓷支架的目的.通过扫描电镜观察PDLLA涂覆网状HA陶瓷支架的显微结构和测试力学强度,研究了不同浓度PDLLA溶液涂覆对网状HA支架的涂层厚度、显微结构和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:涂覆一定量的PDLLA涂层可以显著提高网状HA生物陶瓷支架的抗压强度,同时保持网状陶瓷支架的贯通性和孔隙率.     

冰冻铸造法制备Al2O3多孔陶瓷

以冰为造孔模板,采用冰冻铸造法制备了Al2O3多孔陶瓷,借助扫描电镜(SEM)观察了孔结构,并研究了冷冻温度、浆体浓度、烧结温度等工艺对多孔陶瓷显微结构、气孔率和抗压强度的影响。结果表明,可获得层状孔结构的Al2O3陶瓷,且孔结构受冷冻温度和浆体浓度的影响较大。当最大气孔率为80%时,抗压强度为16.1MPa;当最小气孔率为32%时,抗压强度为17.4MPa。     

Effect of nanosilica addition on the physicomechanical properties,pore morphology,and phase transformation of freeze cast hydroxyapatite scaffolds

Freeze casting technique is a simple and effective method for the fabrication of porous ceramic structures. The objective of this work is to study the production and characterization of hydroxyapatite/nanosilica (HA/nSiO₂) scaffolds fabricated through this method. In the experimental procedure, the solidified samples were prepared by slurries containing different concentration of HA and nSiO₂ followed by sintering procedure at 1200 and 1350 °C. The phase composition, microstructure, and compressive strength of the scaffolds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical strength test. It was found that the porosity of the scaffolds was in the range of 30–86.5 % and the value of compressive strengths lied between 0.16 and 71.96 MPa which were influenced by nSiO₂ content, cooling rate, and sintering temperature. With respect to porosity, pore size, and compressive strength, the scaffolds with 5 % nSiO₂, the cooling rate of 1 °C/min and the sintering temperature of 1350 °C showed preferable results for bone tissue engineering applications.     

Porous calcium phosphate ceramics modified with PLGA–bioactive glass

Porous calcium phosphate ceramics (mainly hydroxyapatite) with interconnected macropores (∼1 mm) and micropores (∼5 μm) as well as high porosities (∼80%) were prepared by firing polyurethane foams that were coated with calcium phosphate cement at 1200 °C. In order to improve the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and compressive modulus and maintain the desirable bioactivity (i.e. the ability of apatite layer formation), the open micropores of the struts were infiltrated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to achieve an interpenetrating bioactive ceramic/biodegradable polymer composite structure. The PLGA filled struts were further coated with a 58S bioactive glass (33 wt.%)–PLGA composite coating. The PLGA–bioactive glass modified porous calcium phosphate ceramics proved to be bioactive and exhibited compressive strengths up to 7.7 MPa and compressive moduli up to 3 GPa, which were comparable to those of natural spongy bones. The obtained complex porous bioactive/biodegradable composites could be used as tissue engineering scaffolds for low-load bearing applications.     

Processing and characterization of porous alumina scaffolds

Bioceramic materials are used for the reconstruction or replacement of the damaged parts of the human body. In this study an improved procedure is described for producing ceramic scaffolds with controlled porosity. Bioinert alumina ceramic was used to make porous scaffolds by using indirect fused deposition modeling (FDM), a commercially available rapid prototyping (RP) technique. Porous alumina samples were coated with hydroxyapatite (HAp) to increase the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Initial biological responses of the porous alumina scaffolds were assessed in vitro using rat pituitary tumor cells (PR1). Both porous alumina and HAp coated alumina ceramics provided favorable sites for cell attachments in a physiological solution at 37 °C, which suggests that these materials would promote good bonding while used as bone implants in vivo. Based on these preliminary studies, similar tests were performed with human osteosarcoma cells. Cell proliferation studies show that both the ceramic materials can potentially provide a non-toxic surface for bone bonding when implanted in vivo.     

蜡球造孔法制备多孔HA陶瓷支架及其性能优化

组织工程支架的贯通性对其体内生物学表现具有重要影响。采用甲壳素溶胶体系和蜡球造孔剂制备多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)陶瓷支架, 考查在相同模压条件下, 不同浆料/造孔剂比例对多孔HA陶瓷支架的孔隙率、收缩率、贯通性、多孔结构以及抗压强度的影响。结果表明: 该方法可以制备具有高孔隙的多孔HA陶瓷支架, 随着造孔剂比例的增大, 支架的贯通性更好, 当浆料/造孔剂比例为1:1.2时可以得到孔隙率、贯通性、力学性能最优的多孔HA陶瓷支架。     

Highly porous titanium (Ti) scaffolds with bioactive microporous hydroxyapatite/TiO2 hybrid coating layer

Highly porous Ti scaffolds with a bioactive microporous hydroxyapatite (HA)/TiO₂ hybrid coating layer were fabricated using the sponge replication process and micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment to produce the porous Ti scaffold and hybrid coating layer, respectively. In particular, the morphology and chemical composition of the hybrid coating layer were controlled by carrying out the MAO treatment in electrolyte solutions containing various concentrations of HA, ranging from 0 to 30 wt.%. The fabricated sample showed high porosity of approximately 70 vol.% with interconnected pores and reasonably high compressive strength of 18 ± 0.3 MPa. Furthermore, the surfaces could be coated successfully with a bioactive microporous HA/TiO₂ hybrid layer. The amount of HA particles in the hybrid coating layer increased with increasing HA content in the electrolyte solution, while preserving the microporous morphology. This hybrid coating improved the osteoblastic activity of the porous Ti scaffolds significantly.     

Study on β-TCP Coated Porous Mg as a Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold Material

Three-dimensional honeycomb-structured magnesium (Mg) scaffolds with interconnected pores of accurately controlled pore size and porosity were fabricated by laser perforation technique. Biodegradable and bioactive β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) coatings were prepared on the porous Mg to further improve its biocompatibility, and the biodegradation mechanism was simply evaluated in vitro. It was found that the mechanical properties of this type of porous Mg significantly depended on its porosity. Elastic modulus and compressive strength similar to human bones could be obtained for the porous Mg with porosity of 42.6%-51%. It was observed that the human osteosarcoma cells (UMR106) were well adhered and proliferated on the surface of the β-TCP coated porous Mg, which indicates that the β-TCP coated porous Mg is promising to be a bone tissue engineering scaffold material.     

Study on β-TCP Coated Porous Mg as a Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold Material

Three-dimensional honeycomb-structured magnesium (Mg) scaffolds with interconnected pores of accurately controlled pore size and porosity were fabricated by laser perforation technique. Biodegradable and bioactive β- tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) coatings were prepared on the porous Mg to further improve its biocompatibility, and the biodegradation mechanism was simply evaluated in vitro. It was found that the mechanical properties of this type of porous Mg significantly depended on its porosity. Elastic modulus and compressive strength similar to human bones could be obtained for the porous Mg with porosity of 42.6%-51%. It was observed that the human osteosarcoma cells (UMR106) were well adhered and proliferated on the surface of the β- TCP coated porous Mg, which indicates that the β-TCP coated porous Mg is promising to be a bone tissue engineering scaffold material.