毛细管放电装置主开关结构对产生软X射线激光的影响

流过毛细管的电流,将直接影响箍缩过程中等离子体的状态,进而影响软X射线激光的产生。由于主开关的导通电感将影响电流波形,因此提出了使用不同结构的主开关电极来改变毛细管电流波形的方案,以寻找最适合毛细管放电软X射线激光产生的电流波形。实验用三种不同结构的主开关电极,观察了主开关导通电感的改变及其对电流波形的幅值和脉宽的影响。根据导通电感的估算结果,利用脉冲功率理论,计算了电流幅值和脉宽的改变情况,并与实验结果进行了比较。实验观察了电流波形的改变对软X射线激光尖峰信号的影响。实验结果表明,放电间隙为3 cm的圆环-圆盘型主开关最适合软X射线激光的输出。     

A Two-Point Modulation Technique for CMOS Power Amplifier in Polar Transmitter Architecture

A two-point modulation technique is presented that improves the performance of nonlinear power amplifiers (PAs) in polar transmitters. In this scheme, the output amplitude modulation is performed by controlling the current of the PA. The current control technique enables the PA to provide wideband amplitude modulation, as well as high power control dynamic range. In addition, the supply voltage of the PA is adjusted based on the output power level. The voltage supply adjustment substantially improves the effective power efficiency of the PA. The voltage supply control is performed using a second-order sigma-delta dc-dc converter, which presents an efficiency of over 95% in its operational range. The PA operates at 900 MHz with maximum output power of 27.8 dBm and power efficiency of 34% at maximum output power. The proposed PA achieves 62-dB power control dynamic range with amplitude modulation bandwidth of over 17.1 MHz. The circuits are fabricated in a CMOS 0.18 mum process with a 3.3-V power supply.     

Nonlinear dynamics of a laser diode with optical feedback systemssubject to modulation

The nonlinear dynamic behavior of a direct frequency-modulated diode laser with strong optical feedback is examined and compared to a laser diode subject to electro-optically modulated, strong optical feedback. Direct modulation is achieved by sinusoidal modulation of the diode laser injection current. Electro-optic modulation is achieved by applying a sinusoidal voltage to an intracavity phase modulating element. The output state (characterized by the output power versus time, the intensity noise spectrum and the optical frequency spectrum) for both types of modulation is dependent on the ratio of the modulation frequency to the external cavity resonant frequency, and the modulation power. A number of distinct states are observed: conventional amplitude modulation (with FM spectra); multimode, low-noise amplitude modulation; multimode, high-noise amplitude modulation; periodic limit-cycle operation; quasi-periodicity; chaos; low-frequency fluctuations; and mode-locking. There are significant differences between the direct and electro-optic frequency-modulation cases. The onset of the dynamic instability is characterized as a noisy period-one oscillation for direct modulation and a low-frequency fluctuation for intracavity electro-optic modulation. Phase portraits produced experimentally with the use of a digital phosphor oscilloscope are shown to agree well with those constructed from output power versus time data. This represents an experimental method for examining the dynamics phase portraits in real-time     

集电极调幅电路仿真分析

集电极调幅是基于丙类谐振功率放大器实现调幅。利用LTspice软件对集电极调幅电路进行可视化仿真分析。首先设置合理电路参数,通过集电极电流是否凹陷判断丙类谐振功率放大器的三种工作状态;然后在过压状态下加载调制信号获得输出调幅信号;最后分析了影响输出调幅信号的因素及原因。通过仿真实验,可以形象、直观展示电路仿真结果,增强对调幅信号及信号失真的感性认识和电路性能的参数调试方法,加深对基本原理的理解。     

Preionizer-induced pulsed-mode operation of a transverse-flowtransversely excited CW CO2 laser

A pulse-preionized, dc-excited, transverse-flow, CW CO₂ laser has been operated in pulsed mode without using a discharge power-switching scheme. The pulsation in laser power is produced by a pulsed current that flows from the dc power supply due to the collapse in the discharge impedance whenever a preionizer pulse appears. By properly choosing the preionizer-pulse repetition frequency, dc power-supply filter-capacitor value, and gas composition, the laser pulsation has been enhanced. This laser has been operated at 1-kW average laser power level in pulsed mode at 1.3-kHz pulse repetition frequency with a peak-to-average power ratio of 3.35 and laser-power modulation depth of almost 100%     

Transverse-mode dynamics in directly modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with optical feedback

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with optical feedback are known to exhibit different transverse-mode regimes depending on the injection current. Close to threshold a VCSEL operates on the fundamental transverse mode, while for larger injection the dynamics is often multimode, with the optical feedback inducing either in-phase or anti-phase transverse mode oscillations. In this paper, we study numerically the influence of current modulation on these different feedback-induced transverse-mode regimes. The modulation amplitude and period are taken as control parameters. We find that the in-phase and anti-phase regimes are robust under weak modulation. As the modulation amplitude increases, there is a transition to a dynamics governed by the current modulation, where the total output power follows the injection current and there is either single-mode or in-phase multimode behavior. However, the effect of the current modulation depends on the modulation period. Under fast modulation, the laser cannot follow the modulation and the optical-feedback-induced effects are dominant. On the contrary, under slow modulation there is a superposition of modulation and feedback effects, with the total output following the modulated current and an underlying transverse-mode behavior mainly determined by the optical feedback. A resonant behavior was observed for modulation periods close to the internal oscillation period. In this case, current modulation induces pulsing output intensity with single-mode or in-phase multimode behavior.     

Submillimeter wave generation through optical four-wave mixingusing injection-locked semiconductor lasers

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of submillimeter wave generation through optical four-wave mixing (FWM) in an injection-locked semiconductor laser. The probe wave introduces pump-probe difference frequency amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) of the slave laser injection locked to the pump wave. The AM and PM indexes of the locked laser output lightwave modulated at the submillimeter wave frequency have been calculated. The submillimeter wave power generated through this technique has also been calculated theoretically. The analysis predicts a submillimeter wave power of -3.7 dBm at 300-GHz frequency for a free-running slave laser output power of 30 mW. In the presence of amplitude modulation of the probe wave, the same modulation is transferred to the submillimeter wave. The suppression of output lightwave amplitude noise relative to the pump, probe, or free-running slave laser amplitude noise has also been estimated in this analysis. At a submillimeter wave frequency of 300 GHz and a probe power equal to the pump power, typical amplitude noise reduction occurs by 7 dB     

Multielectrode distributed feedback laser for pure frequency modulation and chirping suppressed amplitude modulation

A new concept for operation of distributed feedback lasers with multielectrodes is proposed and its capability for amplitude or frequency modulation is demonstrated. The device has electrically separated electrodes so that carrier density distribution along the laser cavity can be controlled artificially by adjusting the current distribution for each electrode. The lasing frequency can be controlled by changing the current ratio applied to the electrodes. Frequency modulation experiments disclose that neither frequency modulation efficiency nor phase delay depend on modulation frequency. It turned out that the frequency shift under modulation showed blue shift or red shift depending on bias current distribution and the position of the modulation applied electrode. Using these characteristics, chirping suppressed amplitude modulation and frequency modulation with constant output power are realized.     

All-optical modulation for semiconductor lasers by using threeenergy levels in n-doped quantum wells

An all-optical modulation method for semiconductor lasers using three energy levels in n-doped quantum wells is demonstrated. The modulation principle is based on the third-order interaction between interband-and intersubband-resonant light in the quantum-well structure. The modulation is demonstrated by a real-time single-shot experiment using a semiconductor laser for the interband-resonant light and a CO ₂ laser for the intersubband-resonant light. The dependences of the modulation depth on the intersubband-resonant light polarization and on the interband-resonant light wavelength indicate that the modulation is achieved by this principle. It is pointed out that the thermal effect appears when the power of the intersubband-resonant light becomes strong     

Gas discharge modulation noise in He-Ne lasers

This paper reports measurements on laser light noise and discharge current noise in a 6328 Å He-Ne laser. A cross-correlation experiment shows a strong correlation between the two noise phenomena, indicating that the laser light noise is caused by the modulation of the light beam by the discharge current noise. The discharge current noise has a spectrum with a sharp resonance at 40 kc/s that does not show up in the laser light noise. The noise is represented by an equivalent circuit. By measuring the two noise spectra and the absolute value and the phase of the cross-correlation coefficientcas functions of frequency, it is possible to evaluate some of the components of the equivalent circuit. The values thus obtained turn out to be quite reasonable, which supports the assumptions on which the equivalent circuit is based.     

基于脉冲宽度调制技术的激光引信抗干扰方法

针对激光引信易受云烟雾干扰的问题,提出了一种基于脉冲宽度调制技术的激光引信抗干扰方法。计算了不同脉冲宽度条件下的云烟雾后向散射回波功率,并给出了云烟雾后向散射回波功率随发射脉冲宽度的变化规律。分析了不同云烟雾条件下使用不同发射脉冲宽度探测时所得到的回波功率比。实验结果表明,在使用不同脉冲宽度激光探测条件下,云烟雾激光后向散射功率比大于3,使用该方法可有效提升激光引信抗干扰性能。     

基于DRV595的激光器恒温控制系统

半导体激光器的输出波长和功率随温度变化而变化,为了确保激光器工作性能,须对其进行恒温控制。采用脉冲宽度调制功率驱动器DRV595驱动半导体制冷器的方法,设计了一种双向大电流输出的高精度温度控制系统。在S域对系统进行了建模分析,搭建经典比例-积分-微分控制器,采用桥式采样电阻,纯硬件电路实现,结构简单,省掉了数字控制器的复杂软件编写。在常温试验中取得了±0.03℃的控制精度,DRV595集成脉冲宽度调制和双向MOSFET,输出电流最大为±4A。双向电流驱动半导体热电制冷器,实现了无死区控制。结果表明,脉冲宽度调制方式驱动和低输出级电阻大大降低了功率耗散。该系统工作稳定、功耗低、控制精度较高,具有实用价值。     

晶体管恒流全新触发连续固体激光器的氪灯电源

介绍一种晶体管恒流全新触发连续固体激光器氪灯电源。先用一较高电压的辅助电源触发氪灯进入辉光放电 ,然后接通主电源 ,通过控制电路使氪灯自动过渡到弧光放电。为使氪灯正常工作电流恒定 ,光强稳定 ,采用晶体管恒流电路控制氪灯电流 ,从而使整机电路简化     

Extremely low-amplitude modulation in a subharmonically hybrid mode-locked monolithic semiconductor laser

Negligibly small amplitude modulation and sufficiently low timing jitter are achieved simultaneously in a passively mode-locked monolithic semiconductor laser stabilized by applying an electrical signal at the second subharmonic of the pulse repetition frequency. Nearly transform-limited 33 GHz pulse trains with 0.56 ps timing jitter and -23 dBc amplitude modulation are obtained with 23 dBm driving signals at 16.5 GHz. Detailed investigations are carried out on the dependence of the amplitude modulation and timing jitter on RF driving power for the second- and third-order subharmonic cases. The excellent amplitude modulation property of the second subharmonic case with the specific laser used in this work is ascribed to the frequency response characteristics of the device.     

分布式反馈激光器调制特性研究

为了深入了解分布式反馈激光器（DFB）的发光机理与调制特性,通过理论分析和实验对DFB的调谐特性进行了研究。得到FITEL和JDS Uniphase两款激光器调制电流与输出中心波长的对应关系和两种确定系数不同的拟合方程,证明了这两款DFB激光器在实际应用中存在非线性关系。结果表明,FITELFRL15DCWD-A82激光器的3dB带宽与驱动电流幅值关系为3.715pm/mA;该调制结果优化了该激光器的可用相干长度,并验证了驱动信号频率变化不影响3dB光谱宽度。对DFB激光器低频调制特性的定量分析结果可为相干检测系统驱动电路设计提供实验依据。     

基于LiNbO3M-Z调制器的UWB信号PAM调制技术研究

提出一种基于LiNbO3Mach-Zehnde调制器(MZM)实现超宽带(UWB)脉冲幅度调制(PAM)的方案,只利用一个LiNbO3-MZM,实现幅度调制,结构简单,易于实现。利用OptiSys-tem7.0软件对方案进行了仿真,研究了调制信号的传输特性,并分析了光源功率、光源波长、脉冲宽度、调制速率、延迟时间以及传输距离对调制信号的影响。     

Microwave modulation of a quantum-well laser with and withoutexternal optical injection

We compare three microwave modulation methods experimentally and theoretically using a semiconductor quantum-well (QW) Fabry-Perot test laser: (1) direct microwave current modulation of the test laser (electrical modulation); (2) optical modulation by an external single-wavelength pump laser with a modulated optical injection power; and (3) electrical modulation of the test laser that is injection locked by an external single-wavelength pump laser with a constant injection power. This is the first direct comparison of the three modulation methods on the same QW laser, to the best of our knowledge. The bandwidth of optical absorption modulation is 7.7 GHz, which is 1.45 times the direct electrical modulation bandwidth (5.3 GHz) at a bias current of 30 mA in the test laser. On the other hand, the electrical modulation of the test laser under injection-locking condition has a significantly higher modulation bandwidth (10.5 GHz) than both the electrical and optical modulation methods     

多阶母盘刻录系统中的激光多阶功率写入控制

描述了多阶母盘刻录系统中一种基于丁业标准结构(ISA)总线接口和复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)技术的激光多功率写入控制方法及其控制电路的设汁实现。控制电路以丁业标准结构总线接口与计算机通信。以复杂可编程逻辑器件为核心处理单元，采用外加功率探测器进行功率反馈。可以同时控制激光器的写入功率和写入时间，使半导体激光器可以对母盘上感光材料进行多阶功率的曝光刻写，同时写入时间可调，从而实现母盘的多阶刻录。已经用于多阶母盘刻录实验系统，可以兼容不同类型的半导体激光器。实验结果表明，使用此控制电路可以在光致变色材料盘片上实现至少8阶功率写入。并获得8阶信号。其最小写入时间125ns，长时间工作输出功率的不稳定性小于1％，可满足只读型多阶光盘的刻录需要。     

Polarization Dynamics of Current-Modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

We study the dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with direct current modulation in the framework of a model for index-guided VCSELs that takes into account two orthogonal linear polarizations. We analyze the effect of current modulation near the polarization switching (PS) of type I, from the high to the low frequency polarization, and near the PS of type II, from the low to the high frequency polarization. We find that the oscillations of the total power are as those of a single-mode laser, unaffected by the underlaying polarization coexistence or polarization competition. We also study the small-signal modulation response in the Fourier domain, for modulation dc values near the PS point. Close to type I PS the response of the total power as well as the response of the orthogonal polarizations has the same functional dependency on the modulation frequency, and can be fitted by the response function of a single-mode laser. Close to type II PS, polarization competition is a significant process at low modulation frequencies. The polarization-resolved modulation response displays features at low frequencies that are not present in the response of the total power, which is as that of a single-mode laser. The dynamics becomes increasingly complex as the modulation amplitude grows, and there is multistability of solutions.     

半导体激光器驱动电路设计及环路噪声抑制分析

为了防止驱动电流的波动会影响半导体激光器激射波长及发光功率,设计了一款具有较强抗干扰能力的半导体激光器驱动电路。该驱动电路以深度负反馈架构为核心,通过STM32控制器调节输出电流直流信号的大小以及调制波信号的频率与幅值。对整个环路进行一阶人工分析,并且结合Tina-TI仿真引入参数可调的噪声抑制网络,保证目标设置频率下环路响应能力的同时具有较强的抗干扰能力。实验表明,该激光器电流驱动电路对目标频率10 倍频程以上环路噪声的抑制可达到20 dB以上,并且对目标频率的调制波响应良好,频率的输出值与设定值最大偏差为0.001 Hz,控制线性度为0.999 9,直流偏置下驱动电流2 h短期稳定度优于0.005 6%,63 h长期稳定度优于0.011%,激光器功率控制线性度为0.999 4,标准误差为0.092 87。