硫酸盐还原菌处理矿山酸性废水的研究进展

系统地综述了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的还原机理,分析了影响硫酸盐还原菌还原作用的因素以及SRB处理方法的优点,提出了SRB处理酸性矿山废水(MAD)发展趋势。     

酸性矿山废水形成与处理中的微生物作用

介绍硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)法处理酸性矿山废水的机理、影响因素和发展现状,指出目前酸性矿山废水处理中存在问题并提出解决方法。     

矿山废水处理的研究综述

矿山废水成分复杂,对环境造成了污染。综述了中和、人工湿地、微生物3种处理矿山废水的方法。对微生物处理技术中的硫酸盐还原菌和铁氧化菌的作用机理、特征及影响因素作了较详细的介绍。针对铀矿山废水的特殊性,还简介了该废水的治理技术。     

矿山酸性废水抑酸技术研究现状与展望

矿山开采及闭矿产生的酸性矿井水、固废堆场产生的酸性淋滤液对矿山生态环境造成了严重的影响，系统梳理与总结相关研究成果对进一步推动酸性矿山废水的治理具有重要意义。本文综述了阻氧覆盖、表面钝化、杀菌处理和微生物抑酸技术的方法原理与应用，分析了不同方法的优缺点和适应性。分析结果表明，抑制矿山废水酸化的方法主要包括物理化学法和微生物法；物理化学抑酸技术能够一定程度上从源头抑制AMD的产生，但存在适用条件限制、二次污染风险、材料易失效等缺点；目前微生物抑酸主要是通过铁还原菌、硫酸盐还原菌、复合型厌氧生物膜等抑酸微生物抑制AMD的产生，但大多处于研发和试验阶段。本研究基于金属硫化矿物微生物催化氧化产酸机理，提出利用“微生物间拮抗与竞争作用”筛选高效抑酸微生物，探索矿山酸性废水抑酸处理新方法。     

硫酸盐还原菌及在处理硫酸盐废水中的作用

介绍了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的分类、培养和代谢机理及硫酸盐废水来源、硫酸盐还原菌处理废水的原理和当前研究的热点。     

硫酸盐还原菌在废水处理应用中的研究进展

由于硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)生物处理法治理废水具有处理费用低、处理废水和重金属种类多等优点,具有很好的研究和应用前景.介绍了SRB处理废水的机理、特点以及在工业废水、生活污水和矿山废水处理中的研究进展和现状.     

SRB生物法处理废水的研究进展与现状

介绍了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理废水的原理、特点以及在工业废水、生活污水和矿山废水处理中的研究进展和现状。     

用硫酸盐还原菌处理酸性矿山废水

《Mining Engineering》1999年 6月号发表 Canty M.的文章 ,报道了用硫酸盐还原菌( SRB)处理和控制酸性矿山外排废水 ( AMD)的中间工厂规模和现场试验的结果。这些试验为矿山废物处理工艺项目的一部分 ,该项目由美国环境保护机构 ( EPA)提供资金 ,由 EPA和美国能源部西部环境工艺局共同管理。硫酸盐还原菌是一种普通厌氧菌族 ,当碳和硫酸盐为其提供营养源时 ,在细菌的还原作用下 ,体系中即可生成 H2 S和 HCO- 3 ,从而使 AMD中金属离子生成硫化物沉淀而除去 ,同时也中和了 AMD。现场验证试验前 ,进行了中间工厂规模的试验。中间工…     

硫化物种类对处理酸性矿山废水的生物硫酸盐还原产物抑制作用

Moosa S.等人在《Hydrometallurgy》2006年83卷第1/4期发表文章,介绍了硫化物种类对处理酸性矿山废水的生物硫酸盐还原产物抑制作用。普遍认为,硫酸盐还原的产物(即形成的各种硫化物)对生物过程有抑制作用。为了提供对这种抑制动力学的了解,作者利用在醋酸盐上生长的完整的氧化     

国内外矿山酸性废水治理与综合利用研究进展

在矿产资源开采和利用过程中产生的酸性矿山废水(AMD)是全球矿业面临的一个严重的环境问题.酸性矿山废水具有pH值低、重金属和硫酸盐含量高等特点,给生态环境和人类健康带来了极大的危害.介绍了酸性矿山废水的形成及危害,综述了国内外酸性矿山废水处理技术的研究现状,包括物理法、化学法和生物法等.讨论了各处理技术的优缺点,总结了...     

Simultaneous Removal of Copper, Zinc, and Sulfate from Coal Mine Waste in a Laboratory SRB Bioreactor Using Lactate or Ethanol as Carbon Sources

The feasibility of inoculating coal mine waste piles with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) to prevent the production of acidic leachates containing sulfate and metal contaminants was evaluated in batch and column bioreactors. The results showed that SRB growth and activity could be attained in the presence of acidic (pH 4.5) coal mine waste using lactate or ethanol as a carbon source, while no obvious growth was found at pH <3.5. Inoculation of coal mine waste in batch reactors with lactate or ethanol as a carbon source resulted in efficient neutralization and high removal of sulfate and metals. Similar results were attained in dynamic-flow columns inoculated with SRB. SEM-EDS analysis of the precipitates showed iron sulfide to be the main component. This study indicates that SRB could possibly be used to prevent or limit acidic drainage from coal mine waste piles.     

高效硫酸盐还原菌对煤矸石硫污染的修复作用

利用从黄土中分离的硫酸盐还原菌修复煤矸石酸性污染,以乳酸钠作碳源,探讨了加不同量碳源和不同接种量情况下硫酸根的去除率,并对煤矸石浸液的pH值、氧化还原电位和电导率的变化作定量测定,研究了硫酸盐还原菌的几种影响条件.实验结果表明:利用硫酸盐还原菌来修复煤矸石酸性污染的思路可行,向煤矸石中接种硫酸盐还原菌硫酸根最高转化率可达95.5%,可提高煤矸石浸液的pH值,降低其氧化还原电位和电导率,从源头上抑制酸矿水的产生,能有效控制含硫煤矸石在降雨酸性淋溶的环境污染.     

SRB菌的分离鉴定及其对矸石山酸性废水的处理

为了得到煤矸石山酸性废水处理的专属功能微生物,从湖南湘潭某煤矸石山周边土壤中分离筛选硫酸盐还原菌,分析菌株的16S rRNA基因序列,形态和生理生化特性,并利用得到的菌株处理矸石山酸性废水。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,所分离得到的硫酸盐还原菌株S-7与Desulfuromonas alkenivorans同源性达到99.0%。该菌株为杆状稍有弯曲,能运动,大小(0.5~0.8)μm×(3.0~4.0)μm,革兰氏染色显阴性,最适生长温度为30℃,最适p H值范围6~8,酵母粉为最好的碳源和氮源,硫酸钠为最适合硫源,菌株经培养96 h后细胞浓度高达1.76×109个/m L。培养初始p H为7时,6 d可去除体系中90%硫酸根离子,而不同硫酸根离子浓度对菌株生长和硫酸盐去除效率影响不明显。S-7菌株对矸石山酸性废水中Fe,Mn,Pb和Zn四种重金属离子均存在处理效果,整体上去除效率为PbFeZnMn,其中Pb离子经7 d处理后去除率达到100%。     

某矿山含铜酸性废水处理的工业实践

很多有色金属矿山在开发过程中,会产生大量含铜酸性废水。由于酸性废水含铜浓度差异性较大,采取的处理工艺也会有所不同。本文针对某矿山含铜酸性废水进行了大量的工业试验研究,结果表明：较高浓度含铜酸性废水可采取硫化法回收铜金属,再经环保中和处理后循环利用,可大量减少中和渣产生量,降低环保处理成本,有显著的经济、环保效益。同时,为了防范极端气候下的环境风险,该矿山还建设了足够处理能力的备用石灰中和处理系统以及应急液碱（片碱）加药系统,以供同类矿山参考、借鉴。     

Year-Round Performance of a Passive Sulfate-Reducing Bioreactor that Uses Rice Bran as an Organic Carbon Source to Treat Acid Mine Drainage

The development of compact and cost-effective passive treatment systems is of critical importance for acid mine drainage (AMD) remediation in Japan. The purpose of this study was to construct an AMD treatment system comprising a sulfate-reducing bioreactor using rice bran as a carbon source for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and to demonstrate its stable operation for at least a year in terms of continuous sulfate reduction and metal removal. Our 35 L bioreactor comprised a packed inoculum layer of a mixture of rice husks, limestone, and field soil, which was covered with rice bran. During operation, the AMD input flow rate was adjusted to 11.7 mL/min (hydraulic retention time, HRT; 50 h). Throughout the year, physicochemical analyses of system input and output AMD samples revealed that both pH and oxidation–reduction potential values were consistent with the process of sulfate reduction by SRB, although this reduction was observed to be stronger in summer than in winter. Efficient metal removal was observed, with concentrations at the outlet port of <0.33 mg/L Zn, <0.08 mg/L Cu, and <0.005 mg/L Cd, more than meeting Japan’s national effluent standards. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that Desulfatirhabdium butyrativorans-related species, which belong to a lineage within Deltaproteobacteria, were dominant (39–48% of the total SRB population) within the bioreactor.     

Waste from Biodiesel Manufacturing as an Inexpensive Carbon Source for Bioreactors Treating Acid Mine Drainage

Abstract.  Alcohol-fed, semi-passive bioreactors have been used to support the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) for treatment of acid drainage from mine sites. An alcohol source not previously examined for use in these reactors is the glycerol-methanol waste remaining after the production of biodiesel fuel. In the laboratory, rock-filled columns were used to investigate biodiesel waste (BDW) as a carbon source for SRB. Columns were provided with water containing 900 mg/L sulfate, and fed reagent-grade glycerol or BDW in sufficient quantity to reduce 50% of the sulfate. Addition of 246 mg/L of reagent-grade glycerol resulted in 50% sulfate reduction and production of up to 59 mg/L of soluble sulfide, while the equivalent of 246 mg/L of glycerol provided as BDW resulted in 55% sulfate reduction and the production of up to 92 mg/L of soluble sulfide. During the initial stages of acclimation, propionic, acetic, formic, and lactic acids were observed. Acid concentrations were reduced over time in the effluent, and organic carbon in the BDW was nearly completely converted to carbon dioxide.     

Preparation of immobilized sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) granules for effective bioremediation of acid mine drainage and bacterial community analysis

Heavy metal-resistant immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) granules were prepared to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) containing high concentrations of multiple heavy metal ions using an up-flow anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor. The bioreactor demonstrated satisfactory performance at influent pH 2.8 and high concentrations of metals (Fe 463 mg/L, Mn 79 mg/L, Cu 76 mg/L, Cd 58 mg/L and Zn 118 mg/L). The effluent pH ranged from 7.8 to 8.3 and the removal efficiencies of Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd were over 99.9% except for Mn (42.1–99.3%). The bacterial community in the bioreactor was diverse and included fermentative bacteria and SRB (Desulfovibrio desulfiricans) involved in sulfate reduction. The co-existing anaerobic fermentative bacteria (Clostridia bacterium, etc.) with the ability to use lactate as electron donor could explain the differences between actual lactate consumption and what would be expected based solely on sulfate reduction.     

Ettringite formation following chemical neutralization treatment of acidic coal mine drainage

This paper reports an unusual occurrence of the rate mineral ettringite, which formed as a result of acid mine drainage treatment at a surface coal mine in northern West Virginia, USA. Ettringite, a hydrated basic sulfate of calcium and aluminum [Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃OH₁₂ 26H₂O], forms in high pH environments under oxidizing conditions where sufficient disssolved calcium, aluminum, and sulfate are present. When viewed in relation to the overall goal of mine drainage treatment, namely to produce an effluent that is less detrimental to aquatic biota, ettringite formation documents severe overtreatment of acidic mine waters to the point of producing a highly alkaline effluent that may have adverse effects upon aquatic life.