基于广泛靶向代谢组学技术分析陈化7至11年广陈皮化学成分的差异

目的：研究不同陈化年限广陈皮化学成分的差异,为广陈皮的陈化机制提供一定的理论基础和科学依据。方法：采用UPLC-MS/MS广泛靶向代谢组学技术对3种陈化年限（7Y、9Y、11Y）广陈皮的化学成分进行检测和分析;使用PCA和OPLS-DA统计分析方法鉴定差异代谢物。结果：共鉴定出27类778个化合物,主要为黄酮类（121个）和萜类（90个）等成分,根据变量投影重要度（VIP）值大于1且P-value小于0.05,筛选出121个差异代谢物,其中陈化11Y组与陈化9Y组比较发现22类65个差异代谢物,陈化11Y组与陈化7Y组比较发现20类62个差异代谢物,陈化9Y组与陈化7Y组比较发现14类32个差异代谢物,陈化7～11年广陈皮差异代谢物的数量和种类趋于增多。陈化年限不同的广陈皮代谢物有较大差异。随着陈化时间的增加,陈化时间对黄酮类、萜类、氨基酸及其衍生物影响较大。与差异代谢物相关性最高的关键通路有：单萜类生物合成、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成、氨基酸及其衍生物参与的代谢通路（丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢）。结论：采用广泛靶向代谢组学技术可以高效地对...     

基于靶向代谢组学分析嫁接对茶树代谢物的影响

为了探究茶树嫁接前后代谢物的差异,以“桃形叶”为接橞、“短接白毫”为砧木,采用切接法进行茶树嫁接。利用广泛靶向代谢组学技术对嫁接前后茶树中的物质进行检测,并结合主成分（PCA）分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）等多元统计方法,研究嫁接前后茶树中代谢物的变化。结果表明,嫁接前后茶样中共检测到804种代谢物,其中105种代谢物具有显著的差异性;与嫁接前相比,嫁接后的茶样中有44种差异代谢物显著上调,61种差异代谢物显著下调,差异代谢物下调的数目大于上调;另外嫁接后的茶样中黄酮和氨基酸等物质的相对含量显著增加,而脂质和核苷酸及其衍生物等物质的相对含量则显著减少;此外,通过KEGG代谢通路的研究发现,这些差异代谢物主要分布在嘌呤代谢、烟酸酯和烟酰胺代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、类黄酮生物合成、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成、光合生物的固碳作用、咖啡碱代谢、次级代谢产物的生物合成等20条代谢途径中,其中被KEGG注释到的差异代谢物有24种,主要以黄酮和核苷酸及其衍生物为主,且通路中大部分黄酮类物质显著上调,而核苷酸及其衍生物则显著下调。综上,品种“桃形叶”通过嫁接会使代谢物的含量发生显著的变化,这在一定程度上能够为嫁接茶树茶叶的加工和生产提供理论参考。     

基于UHPLC-MS技术分析贵州红、白酸汤代谢物差异

以贵州红酸汤、白酸汤为研究对象，基于超高效液相色谱-质谱（UHPLC-MS）非靶向代谢组学技术分析分析贵州红、白酸汤中代谢产物差异，并对其进行主成分分析（PCA）及正交偏最小二乘-判别分析（OPLS-DA），以变量投影重要性（VIP）值>1结合t检验P值<0.05为标准筛选差异显著代谢物，并进行代谢通路分析。结果表明，酸汤样品中共注释到2 929个代谢物，正离子模式差异显著代谢物数为1 223种，负离子模式差异显著代谢物数为1 173种。差异显著代谢物在Super Class分类上，脂类化合物占14.96%，有机酸及其衍生物占8.5%，有机杂环化合物占6.87%，苯环类化合物占4.17%，有机氧化合物占3.52%，苯基丙酸类和聚酮类化合物占2.7%。根据京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）代谢通路富集分析，差异显著代谢物主要富集在正离子模式下的莽草酸途径生物碱的生物合成、血清素能突触通路和负离子模式下组氨酸和嘌呤的生物碱生物合成通路，其中显著差异代谢物主要为生物碱、酚类和黄酮类物质。     

菠萝蜜多糖在DSS肠炎大鼠血液中的代谢标志物分析

采用超高液相串联四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)分析菠萝蜜多糖(JFP-Ps)在DSS肠炎大鼠血清中代谢物全谱的变化,代谢组学分析技术探究JFP-Ps在DSS肠炎大鼠血液中的差异代谢标志物。结果表明,JFP-Ps主要引起氨基酸、多肽及其类似物、嘌呤和嘧啶及其衍生物、脂类和类脂分子等代谢物的变化。大鼠血清中与肠炎相关的代谢通路有5条,分别为精氨酸的生物合成、D-精氨酸和D-鸟氨酸代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸的生物合成、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢途径。结论:JFP-Ps可通过调节氨基酸代谢及影响相关通路,改善DSS肠炎大鼠的症状。     

基于代谢组学的酱卤鸭翅变质前后代谢物差异比较

以酱卤鸭翅为原料，采用非靶向代谢组学和多元统计学分析技术，研究酱卤鸭翅变质前后的差异代谢物。结果表明：酱卤鸭翅在13℃下储藏10 d时，菌落总数为7.20 lg（cfu/g），已腐败变质。变质酱卤鸭翅组与新鲜酱卤鸭翅组相比，共筛选出差异代谢物35种，其中磷脂类10种、氨基酸及其衍生物类5种、酚类1种、有机酸类3种、酯类3种、酮类7种、生物碱1种，其他5种。酱卤鸭翅腐败变质后，磷脂和氨基酸及其衍生物类总体显著上调。通过KEGG通路分析，共富集得到17条代谢通路，L-色氨酸参与其中11条代谢通路，对酱卤鸭翅代谢通路的影响较大。因此，酱卤鸭翅的腐败变质可能与储藏过程中磷脂和氨基酸及其衍生物的变化有关。     

基于非靶向代谢组学的柑橘果皮褐斑病发生过程中代谢差异分析

以甜橙果实为试材,利用非靶向代谢组学研究采后柑橘不同褐斑病感染程度果皮中的代谢物差异。通过样本相关性分析、最小二乘判别分析、聚类分析和KEGG富集分析等方法,分析不同褐斑程度果皮中代谢物差异。结果表明:PE包装显著抑制柑橘果实褐斑指数,以无褐斑果皮样品为对照,共筛选出1 191个差异离子,在CK-42 d vs CK-0 d样本中,共筛选出107种显著差异代谢物,其中62个为上调,45个为下调,而在PE-42 d vs CK-0 d样本中共筛选出124种显著差异代谢物,其中65个为上调,59个为下调。经KEGG通路分析,代谢物主要分布在10条代谢途径中,代谢物数量富集最多的前3条通路分别是全局和总览图、其它次生代谢产物的生物合成、氨基酸代谢。经HMDB通路分析,代谢差异物主要分布在11条代谢途径中,差异代谢物数量富集最多的前5条通路分别是苯丙烷和聚酮化合物、脂质和类脂质类、有机杂环化合物、有机酸及其衍生物、苯甲酸酯类。研究结果有助于完善柑橘果皮褐斑病形成机制,可为提高柑橘保鲜效果提供参考。     

基于非靶向代谢组学分析黄桃果肉褐变过程中代谢产物的差异

以黄桃果实为试验材料,利用非靶向代谢组学研究其贮藏期间不同褐变程度果肉中的代谢物差异。采用主成分分析、聚类分析、正交偏最小二乘判别分析等方法分析不同褐变程度果肉中的差异代谢产物。结果表明:PE包装明显降低了黄桃果肉褐变指数,以无褐变的果肉为对照,共检出991种代谢物。在CK 12 d vs CK 0 d样本中,共检出206种显著上调代谢物和26种显著下调代谢物,而在PE 12 d vs CK 0 d样本中,共检出145种显著上调代谢物和58种显著下调代谢物。经HMDB通路分析,代谢物主要富集在13条通路中,其中,富集排名前6的通路分别是丙烷和聚酮化合物、脂质和类脂质分子、有机杂环化合物、有机酸及其衍生物、苯甲酸酯类、有机氧化合物。KEGG通路分析表明,代谢物主要富集在10条通路中,其中,富集排名前4的通路为其它次生代谢产物的生物合成、氨基酸代谢、辅因子和维生素的代谢通路,其它氨基酸代谢等通路。研究从代谢组学角度初步揭示了黄桃果肉褐变过程中代谢产物的差异性,为提高黄桃果实品质提供理论参考。     

基于广泛靶向代谢组学的浅黄色和紫色核桃内种皮成分差异分析

为了解核桃内种皮的主要代谢成分,同时比较不同颜色内种皮的成分差异。利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱广泛靶向代谢组学的方法,通过聚类分析、样本相关性分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析等方法,测定并比较相同生境下浅黄色和紫色核桃内种皮的代谢物质成分。结果表明：2 种核桃内种皮共检测出23 类680 种代谢物,其中658 种为两者共有,浅黄色有670 种,紫色668 种;2 种核桃内种皮筛选得到差异代谢物244 种,占共有代谢物的37.08%;其中,紫色内种皮相对浅黄色内种皮有93 种代谢物含量较高,占比为38.11%,151 种成分含量较低,占比为61.89%;244 种显著差异的代谢物主要分布在20 条代谢途径中,前5 条通路分别是次生代谢产物生物合成通路、黄酮类生物合成通路、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成通路、环境微生物相关代谢通路和苯丙烷生物合成通路,分别包括代谢物90 种（36.89%）、48 种（19.67%）、37 种（15.16%）、30 种（12.30%）和23 种（9.43%）;紫色核桃内种皮花青素差异代谢物数量较多且含量较高,可能是造成内种皮颜色差异的因素之一。     

两个普洱茶品种的代谢物比较分析

该研究利用代谢组学的技术手段对两个通过群体选育获得的云南普洱茶优良品种进行分析,结果表明：品种1（桃形叶）共检测和定量了798种代谢物,品种3（云瑰）共检测和定量了802种代谢物,二者之间有202种显著变化的代谢物（SCMs）,品种1（桃形叶）较品种3（云瑰）有108种SCMs的丰度显著降低,而有94种显著增加。这些SCMs按照数量的多少通常可以分为黄酮、酚酸类、脂质、氨基酸及其衍生物、木脂素和香豆素、有机酸、生物碱、核苷酸及其衍生物、鞣质和其他类。且差异代谢物在49条KEGG通路中富集,大多数已经鉴定的差异代谢物存在于苯丙烷类生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、类黄酮的生物合成（包括黄酮及黄酮醇的生物合成）,及氨基酸的生物合成等代谢途径中。这些显著差异代谢物可以用于为品种1（桃形叶）与品种3（云瑰）的监控茶叶适制性和品质控制提供理论依据和科学指导。     

基于非靶向代谢组学分析副干酪乳杆菌发酵枸杞汁各阶段代谢差异

为研究副干酪乳杆菌NXU-19004发酵对枸杞汁品质特性的影响,采用气相色谱-质谱非靶向代谢组学技术对4 种不同阶段枸杞发酵液差异代谢物进行鉴定分析,结合主成分分析和偏最小二乘判别分析对其进行精确区分。再通过京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG）数据库注释差异代谢物参与的代谢途径,从中筛选出关键代谢物。结果表明,4 种发酵液共检测到63 种非挥发性差异代谢物,其中氨基酸类、有机酸类、酯类等成分在枸杞发酵液中平均相对丰度总体呈上升趋势。多元统计分析结果显示,各样品之间差异显著,均有明显样本聚集区,表明代谢产物可用于甄别发酵阶段。共注释到47 条代谢途径,富集代谢产物较多且显著性高的关键通路有9 条,且多与氨基酸代谢相关,可见发酵阶段对枸杞发酵液中氨基酸类物质的代谢影响最大。进一步确认了关键代谢物为丙氨酸、柠檬烯、苯甲醛、苯甲酸、烟酰胺、烟酸、角鲨烯、脯氨酸、肌氨酸、2-苯基乙酰胺。该研究从代谢组学角度初步揭示了枸杞及其乳酸菌发酵产品的代谢产物差异性以及特征化合物,为进一步研究影响乳酸菌发酵形成差异的因素提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press