近场聚焦的纳米散射结构研究

为克服以近似理论分析为主的米氏散射方法在研究微粒粒径小于入射光波长情况下带来的局限性,采用了基于数值化模拟的有限时域差分(FDTD)方法对纳米级散射体微粒在近场聚焦光束下发生的聚焦作用进行仿真研究。以聚焦的线偏振光为光源,并将球形纳米空气粒子嵌入固态浸没透镜底面光束聚焦点位置,使用FDTD仿真软件模拟了纳米空气粒子附近的光强分布信息。通过改变相应的仿真条件,选出最合适的纳米散射结构参数,实现了良好的聚焦成像效果。     

动态线偏振光散射纳米颗粒粒度测量法的研究与分析

多重散射是传统动态光散射法测量纳米颗粒溶液浓度上限受到限制的主要原因。为此文中提出了动态线偏振光散射纳米颗粒粒度测量法,通过改变颗粒入射光和散射光的偏振状态,降低颗粒间多重散射的影响。现利用Mie散射理论分析了入射光与散射光偏振状态之间的关系,并通过实验方法探知偏振光在散射介质中的传输特性,揭示了在动态光散射中使用垂直偏振光作为入射光的实验依据。最后对动态线偏振光散射颗粒测量法和传统光子相关光谱测量法进行了实验及分析,通过两种方法的比较,验证了上述理论的正确性。     

具有亚波长结构的突然自聚焦光束的频谱调控研究

为了提高具有亚波长结构的圆对称艾里光束的自聚焦特性,将光束的工作波长扩大至太赫兹波段,并在频谱空间中分别加入高通和带通滤波进行调控。对两种滤波效果进行对比发现,通过滤波函数的参数变化可以控制空间频谱的分布,从而对光束的传播特性进行调制。当选取合适的参数时,焦斑尺寸减小,焦点强度增加,突然自聚焦特性会大幅增强,同时可实现焦点位置的控制。比较两种调制方法后发现,带通滤波后的光束拥有更好的自聚焦特性。     

基于几何相位的线偏振聚焦超表面器件

设计出基于几何相位的介质超表面实现线偏振光聚焦功能。该设计打破了传统设计中几何相位(Pancharatnam-Berry phase)的手性限制,不再是局限于左旋圆偏振光(LCP)和右旋圆偏振光(RCP)入射。通过有限时域差分仿真来证明这种线偏振聚焦相位调控的特性。该类功能器件可能用于设计新颖的THz元器件、高分辨成像、功能探测等方面。     

基于米散射激光雷达的大气气溶胶检测系统设计

设计了一种基于米散射激光雷达的大气气溶胶检测系统。依据米散射激光雷达的原理,研究了激光光束与大气气溶胶的相互作用,设计并搭建了米散射激光雷达大气气溶胶检测实验平台,利用Zemax设计了一套具有滤波聚焦功能的光学望远系统。通过对光束进行扩束并利用可调谐式固定装置来增强回波信号强度。实验结果表明,设计的系统具有高的回波信号...     

循环流化床颗粒团多参数的光散射测量方法

针对循环流化床床内颗粒团动态参数和行为特性的测量问题,提出了基于光散射原理的颗粒团运动速度、高度与浓度等多参数同时在线测量方法,利用该方法对二维冷态循环流化床试验台开展颗粒团参数测量,获得了颗粒经测量区造成的光强衰减信号,通过对上下测量单元光强信号进行互相关分析可获得颗粒团运动速度参数;对信号进行低通滤波,根据低频信号极值点时间差及运动速度测量结果,得到颗粒团高度参数;同时根据光强衰减程度计算颗粒团的浓度参数。由此实现了基于光散射原理的循环流化床床内颗粒团运动速度、高度与浓度多参数同时在线测量,测量结果显示,在典型工况下,提升管中心区域颗粒团运动速度较为稳定,平均速度为3.81 m/s,近壁面区域颗粒团运动速度有较大波动且出现负值,平均速度为0.65 m/s;中心区域颗粒浓度较近壁面区域小;中心区域颗粒团高度主要分布在20～40 mm区间,近壁面区域颗粒团高度主要分布在30～60 mm区间。这为循环流化床内颗粒团的形成、结构及其运动研究提供了一种有效的测量手段。     

SiC颗粒增强ZA27基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

用环－块式磨损试验机研究了同一体积分数（１０ｖｏｌ％）、５￣８０μｍ粒径ＳｉＣ颗粒增强ＺＡ２７基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性。发现复合材料的耐磨性为未增强基体的１５倍以上；中等尺寸（１０，２０μｍ）的颗粒对耐磨性具有最佳增强效果。     

激光同轴熔注球形WC增强颗粒的工艺参数研究

采用同轴送粉方式作为粉末输送形式,以球形WC为熔注增强颗粒,探究激光熔注制备WC颗粒增强金属基复合材料涂层的工艺参数临界条件.通过建立运动过程中增强颗粒的速度模型与温升模型,分析喷射过程中增强颗粒温度与激光功率、颗粒尺寸以及颗粒初始速度之间的关系,进而获得激光同轴熔注WC过程中,确保颗粒保持固态的颗粒尺寸、激光功率和颗粒初始速度等工艺参数的临界条件.同时对不同直径的球形WC颗粒进行了同轴熔注试验验证.计算和试验结果表明:在扫描速度为6mm/s,送粉率为10g/min的条件下,当激光功率密度为119 W/mm2时,为保证颗粒保持固态,颗粒的直径须大于75 μm.如需要注入直径小于75 μm的WC颗粒,则必须降低激光功率密度至95 W/mm2以下.     

有序金纳米棒阵列的超分辨成像

显微成像技术受限于光学成像系统的衍射极限，无法分辨亚波长尺度的结构。通过饱和散射抑制成像技术已经实现了单个纳米颗粒的超分辨成像，但是涉及到纳米颗粒集合，需要考虑纳米颗粒间的耦合作用。利用超越衍射极限的双光束方法，可以在有序金纳米棒阵列上实现远场超分辨光学成像。本文设计了纳米棒长径比为2的5×5金纳米棒阵列，通过矢量光场理论和热扩散理论计算了金纳米棒阵列在连续波激光下的热分布，并模拟了双光束激光即脉冲激发光和连续波抑制光下的散射成像。仿真结果显示，连续波激光能够有效抑制金纳米棒阵列对脉冲激光的散射，双光束方法实现了80 nm横向特征尺寸的超分辨成像。     

光阻法颗粒粒径测量验证实验

针对低浓度液体介质中颗粒物的数目和粒径检测问题,基于几何光学原理和Mie光散射理论分析,研究光阻法对球形颗粒的检测,采用角散射并结合图像法验证信号测量的一致性。搭建了一套能采用3种方法同步测试的实验系统,通过对实验测得的6种标准颗粒的光阻信号进行标定,对不同标准颗粒脉冲幅值进行统计平均后拟合和优化,通过拟合公式进一步测定了其他颗粒的粒径。结果表明,对于标称为15.0μm和63.6μm标准颗粒的数目中位径与标称值偏差均小于2%,同时对于混合颗粒也具有较好的区分能力。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.