无压烧结制备纳米复合碳化硅陶瓷

以水基喷雾造粒而成含5%(质量分数)纳米氮化钛(TiN)颗粒的碳化硅(SiC)造粒粉为原料,采用无压烧结制备纳米复合SiC陶瓷。分析了烧结温度及保温时间对复合陶瓷烧结特性与显微结构的影响规律。结果表明:采取二步烧结可以实现SiC陶瓷在晶粒不明显长大的前提下实现致密化,二步烧结,即先升温到1950℃保温15min后迅速降至1850℃烧结1h,制备的SiC陶瓷具有较高收缩率、较低质量损失以及较高的致密度;纳米TiN颗粒加入后能与基体(SiC,Al2O3)部分发生反应生成TiC和AlN,明显改善SiC陶瓷的烧结性能,获得等轴状、细晶显微结构和优越的力学性能。     

纳米SiC增韧Al_2O_3陶瓷复合材料的制备、表征及力学性能研究

以SiC和Si微米粉为添加剂,采用无压烧结工艺制备了纳米SiC增韧的Al2O3陶瓷复合材料,探讨了SiC含量、烧结气氛和烧结温度对复合材料的烧成收缩率、微观形貌、抗弯强度、维氏硬度及断裂韧性的影响。结果显示：SiC的添加使复合材料的烧成收缩率下降,惰性气氛下复合材料的收缩率要大于氧化气氛和还原气氛时的收缩率。在氧化性气氛下烧结时,当SiC添加量为4%时,复合陶瓷的体积密度为3.80 g·cm^-3,抗弯强度、断裂韧性及维氏硬度均达到最大值,分别为480 MPa、5.12 MPa·m1/2、16.2 GPa。添加SiC后所得复合材料的基体颗粒为椭圆状,粒径为2μm左右,颗粒与颗粒之间结合紧密,颗粒形状的改变可能是因为烧结机理发生变化所致。纳米SiC颗粒位于晶界处,形成了由Al2O3-SiC-Al2O3搭桥联结的晶界,提高了晶界强度,导致裂纹只能在晶内传播。     

热压烧结制备原位复合（TiB2+TiC）/Ti3SiC2复相陶瓷

采用热压烧结法制备了原位复合(TiB2+TiC)/Ti3SiC2复相陶瓷。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜对材料的物相组成和显微结构进行了表征,研究了烧结温度对材料物相组成、烧结性能、显微结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明:烧结温度在1 350～1 500℃范围内,随着烧结温度的升高,合成反应进行逐渐完全,材料的密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性显著提高。1 500℃烧结可得到致密的原位复合(TiB2+TiC)/Ti3SiC2复相陶瓷,材料晶粒发育较完善,层片状Ti3SiC2、柱状TiB2与等轴状TiC晶粒清晰可见,增强相晶粒细小,晶界干净,材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧性和Vickers硬度分别达到741 MPa,10.12 MPa.m1/2和9.65 GPa。烧结温度达到1 550℃时Ti3SiC2开始发生分解,材料的密度和力学性能又显著下降。     

烧结温度对氮化硅陶瓷球显微结构和力学性能的影响

以α-Si3N4粉为原料,纳米级Y2O3和Al2O3为烧结助剂,采用气压烧结工艺制备氮化硅陶瓷球,研究了烧结温度对陶瓷球显微结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,陶瓷球的维氏硬度和压碎强度先提高后降低,断裂韧性不断提高.烧结温度为1780℃的陶瓷球综合力学性能最佳,其相对密度达到了99％,维氏硬度、断裂韧...     

保温温度对固相烧结SiC/B4C复合陶瓷力学性能及微观形貌影响

以碳化硅、碳化硼微粉为原料,酚醛树脂为粘结剂,用固相烧结法制备了高温性能优异的SiC/B4C复合陶瓷,研究了保温温度对SiC/B4C复合陶瓷力学性能及微观形貌的影响.研究结果表明:2150℃保温45min可制备出相对密度高达96.60％且综合性能优异的SiC/B4C复合陶瓷,其维氏硬度为26.5GPa,断裂韧性为4.04MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为345MPa;B4C晶粒周围被SiC呈板状结构包裹,少量B2O3存在于晶界处;当温度高于2150℃时,出现整体排列的片层状SiC,SiC由6H-SiC向4H-SiC转变.     

BNNTs/SiC陶瓷复合材料的制备与性能研究

以SiC为基体,Y_2O_3和Al_2O_3为烧结助剂,氮化硼纳米管(BNNTs)为增韧补强剂,采用喷雾造粒和干压成型方法,通过真空无压烧结工艺制备了BNNTs/SiC陶瓷复合材料。讨论BNNTs添加量和烧结工艺对BNNTs/SiC陶瓷复合材料的致密度、微观结构和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:采用单因素法得到BNNTs的最佳添加量为1.5 wt.%和压制压力为100 MPa,确定了最佳烧成制度为:最高温度2050℃,保温时间2.5 h。采用阿基米德排水法测试样品密度,其相对密度达到99.0%,通过三点弯曲法和压痕法分别测试了样品的抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度。BNNTs/SiC的抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别达到了546.3 MPa、6.53 MPa·m~(1/2)和26.8 GPa。     

AlN-Pr2O3液相烧结SiC陶瓷

以AlN、Pr2O3做为SiC陶瓷液相烧结的复合助剂,选定不同的助剂含量(5wt％～ 20wt％)和不同的助剂摩尔比例(Pr2O3/AlN=1/3、1/1、3/1),在1800～2000℃温度下,采用热压和无压烧结的方法制备SiC陶瓷样品,并对这些陶瓷样品的性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,助剂比1/3组的样品显示出更有效地促进SiC陶瓷致密化,该组样品无压烧结最大相对密度为87％,热压烧结具有最高的相对密度96.1％、维氏硬度23.4 GPa、抗弯强度549.7MPa、断裂韧性5.36 MPa·m1/2,显微结构中可观察到晶粒拔出现象,断裂模式为沿晶断裂.     

多孔重结晶碳化硅陶瓷的烧结颈结构调控与力学性能

结合气固反应和重结晶烧结,制备了烧结颈结构可控的多孔重结晶SiC陶瓷。首先以微米SiC颗粒作为骨架,通过SiO气体和纳米炭黑的高温气固反应得到纳米碳化硅均匀分布的预烧结体;再对预烧结体进行重结晶处理,通过纳米SiC颗粒的低温蒸发凝聚获取高纯度的SiC多孔陶瓷。研究了重结晶过程中烧结温度对多孔SiC陶瓷的烧结颈、显微形貌、以及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:SiC晶粒之间的烧结颈参数(烧结颈直径/微米SiC晶粒直径,d/d0)决定了多孔材料的抗弯强度。随着烧结温度增加,纳米SiC颗粒的饱和蒸气压升高,加速了蒸发–凝聚的进行,物质传输总量增加,多孔SiC材料的d/d0值增加,抗弯强度迅速升高,达到峰值后,基本保持不变或者略有下降。温度高于2100℃时,骨架SiC微米颗粒会发生分解反应产生残碳,导致材料的抗弯强度降低。原位合成的纳米SiC含量为20%,在Ar气氛中于2000℃保温1h后,材料组织性能最优,烧结颈面积的平均值为15.91μm~2,d/d_0值为99.7%,气孔率为42.4%,抗弯强度高达75.7MPa,其性能优于商用柴油颗粒物过滤材料。     

等离子活化烧结制备SiC/h-BN复相陶瓷

采用等离子活化烧结(plasma activated sintering,PAS)制备SiC/20%(体积分数)h-BN复相陶瓷,研究了烧结工艺对复相陶瓷密度、抗弯强度、硬度,以及显微结构的影响,并对比分析了PAS与热压(hot-pressing,HP)烧结工艺不同烧结机理。结果表明:在1600℃保温3min PAS烧结与在1850℃保温1h HP烧结制备出的SiC/20% h-BN复相陶瓷具有相近的性能和微观结构,PAS烧结效率远高于HP。当引入20%微米级h-BN在烧结过程中抑制SiC晶粒长大,PAS快速烧结细化晶粒的效应在烧结SiC/20% h-BN复相陶瓷时被抑制。     

不同碳含量对C/SiC陶瓷材料的力学性能及加工性的影响

主要针对SiC基陶瓷作为高温玻璃夹具材料的可行性进行研究。采用机械化学结合无压烧结制备碳颗粒改性SiC陶瓷基复合材料(Cp/SiC),对其进行了XRD、SEM表征,分析了不同碳含量对C/SiC陶瓷烧结样品的体收缩率、密度、抗弯强度、显微硬度、断裂韧性和机加工性的影响。同时运用模糊数学理论,建立了模糊综合评价模型。我们偿试通过陶瓷的断裂韧性、硬度和抗弯强度等物理力学性能,对陶瓷的可加工性进行预测。结果表明:(1)烧结后的C/SiC复相陶瓷中的SiC发生了晶型转变,并且α-SiC比β-SiC的结晶度更好;(2)在碳含量为0~20%时,碳含量为10%的C/SiC复相陶瓷的显微组织最致密,而且碳与SiC的结合情况较好;(3)随着碳含量的增加,C/SiC烧结体的密度、体收缩率和抗弯强度都逐渐变小;(4)随着碳含量的增加,C/SiC复相陶瓷机加工性逐渐增强。     

粉末注射成型金刚石制品的烧结工艺

对采用粉末注射成型技术制备的金刚石制品的烧结工艺进行了研究。通过观测金刚石制品的形貌、相对密度和抗弯强度,分析了烧结温度、烧结气氛、保温时间及升温速率等对金刚石制品烧结性能的影响,优化了烧结工艺参数。结果表明:随烧结温度的提高或保温时间的延长,金刚石制品的相对密度线性增大后趋于平缓,抗弯强度呈现出先增大后下降趋势;在真空气氛中烧结有利于制品烧结致密化和力学性能的提高;过高的升温速率会引起金刚石制品的烧结变形,过低的升温速率会造成金刚石制品处于加热过程的时间过长,影响制品性能。优化的烧结工艺参数为:烧结气氛为真空烧结,烧结温度为920℃,保温时间为10min,升温速率为5℃/min。     

某水泥窑用烟气脱硝催化剂运行状况分析

某规模为5 000 t/d的水泥熟料生产线SCR脱硝装置运行8 000 h后，从反应器内取出脱硝催化剂测试块，对每一层测试块样品的几何尺寸、外观、微观结构、化学成分、微量元素、机械强度和工艺性能等项目进行测试，并将运行样品的各项性能检测结果同新催化剂进行对比，分析了脱硝催化剂运行样品性能指标变化趋势及产生的原因，总结了脱硝催化剂性能衰减规律，对水泥窑用脱硝催化剂的运行与管理提出了建议。     

Impacts of 3Li2O-2GeO2 melt on fabrication and electrical performance of novel LLZTO@Li4GeO4/Li2O composite electrolytes

Novel LLZTO@Li₄GeO₄/Li₂O composite electrolytes have been successfully produced through liquid sintering Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ via the 3Li₂O-2GeO₂ (LGO1.5) additive at 1140 °C for 3 h in air atmosphere. The Li-Ge-O additive performs a prominent role in fabricating compact connections among LLZTO grains and accelerating their densification procedure. Moreover, the additive acts as a bridge to promote Li⁺ transportation in the grain boundary domains. Consecutive Li⁺ conduction pathways are constructed inside the ceramics correspondingly. A considerably enhancement for the electrical performance of the garnet-type electrolytes is realized. The composite electrolyte with 2wt% LGO1.5 exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 5.57 × 10^?4 S·cm^?1 at 25 °C, the relative density of which reaches 95.8%. It is also capable of withstanding a high voltage up to 6 V (vs. Li/Li⁺) and a large critical current density of 0.65 mA·cm^?2.     

微波烧结工艺对熔融石英陶瓷生坯性能影响的研究

以熔融石英粉末为主要原料,氮化硅为烧结助剂,采用微波烧结工艺对熔融石英陶瓷生坯制品进行烧结,采用常温抗折强度测试、体积密度测试、XRD射线衍射,研究了微波参数对生坯制品的物理力学性能及生坯微观组织的影响。结果表明:当微波升温速率为10℃/min,烧结温度为1150℃,保温时间为2 h时,熔融石英陶瓷生坯制品的常温抗折强度可达到31.6 MPa,体积密度达到1.87 g/cm3,对比常规烧结工艺,在相同的烧结工艺参数下,提升了陶瓷生坯的性能。     

Cutting performance of microwave-sintered sub-crystal Al2O3/SiC ceramic tool in dry cutting of hardened steel

Tool life and failure mechanisms of a microwave-sintered sub-crystal Al₂O₃/SiC ceramic tool (AS) in dry turning hardened steel were studied. The AS tool with plane face shows better cutting performance and wear resistance than the commercial ceramic tool SW500 and cemented carbide tool YG8 at both low and high cutting speeds. It's suitable for dry cutting at high speed (210–270 m/min), the cutting distance is 5–8 times longer than that of other two tools. The results indicate that the ceramic tool fabricated by this pressureless sintering technology can satisfy the requirements of high-speed machining. Wear forms of AS tool at low cutting speed are slight crater wear and groove wear, which were mainly caused by abrasion. At high cutting speed, tool failure forms are cater wear, groove wear and slight chipping caused by severe abrasion and adhesion.     

Preparation and properties of LiF transparent ceramics by cold sintering process

The development of optoelectronic devices depends on the development of optoelectronic materials such as transparent ceramics. LiF transparent ceramics are photoelectronic ceramics with excellent photoelectric properties. Still, the traditional preparation of LiF transparent ceramics generally needs a high temperature or high-pressure environment, and the cost is high. This paper adopts a cold sintering process to prepare high-density LiF transparent ceramics at low temperatures to reduce the preparation conditions. The effects of different cold sintering temperatures on microstructure, density, hardness, visible and near-infrared transmittance, and electrical properties of transparent ceramics were studied. The results show that using LiOH solution as the solvent, the relative density of LiF ceramics can reach up to 99.64% under the sintering condition of 375 °C/470 MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 1.34 GPa. Vickers hardness is 1.34 GPa. The transmittance in the visible and near-infrared regions is 60.45% and 85.31%, respectively. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 13 GHz are 4.36 and 1.11 × 10⁻³, respectively.     

Friction and wear behavior of microwave sintered Al2O3/TiC/GPLs ceramic sliding against bearing steel and their cutting performance in dry turning of hardened steel

An Al₂O₃/TiC/GPLs (ATG) composite ceramic tool material was fabricated by microwave sintering. The tribological properties of ATG during sliding against GCr15 bearing steel were studied, to investigate the effects of sliding speed and normal load on the friction coefficient and wear rate. In addition, the cutting performance of ATG tools for machining of hardened alloy 40Cr steel was experimentally studied and compared with those of commercial tools. The results showed that the added graphene platelets enhanced the wear resistance and reduced the friction coefficient of the tool material. Furthermore, upon adding graphene platelets, the ability of the tools to resist breakage and their cutting depth improved. The cutting length of the microwave- sintered ATG ceramic tools was approximately 125% higher than that of hot-pressed ceramic tools and 174% higher than that of cemented carbide tools.     

多孔Al2O3/SiC、MoSi2/SiC复合材料的制备及吸波性能

以Si、Al₂O₃、MoSi₂微粉和生物竹材为原料,采用包埋烧结法分别制备出SiC多孔材料、Al₂O₃/SiC、MoSi₂/SiC复合材料。采用XRD、SEM及波导法测试其物相组成、显微结构及吸波性能。结果表明：MoSi₂/SiC复合材料的厚度为2 mm时有明显的吸波特性,有效吸收带宽在X波段的9.65~12.4 GHz频率范围内达2.75 GHz,且最低反射损耗为-38.27 dB。Al₂O₃/SiC复合材料孔道内的Al₂O₃与SiC晶须交缠,形成大量电偶极矩,产生介电损耗;MoSi₂/SiC复合材料除介电损耗外还存在电阻损耗,使得复合材料电磁损耗增加,是较有前途的结构功能吸波材料。     

组分配比对激光烧结PS/PA成型件性能的影响

采用共聚聚酰胺(PA)粉末与聚苯乙烯(PS)粉末复合,通过选择性激光烧结机制得成型件,并对成型件的断面微观结构、尺寸精度、密度、弯曲强度以及表面粗糙度进行了表征分析,以探究不同组分配比对PS/PA复合材料成型件性能的影响。结果表明,随着PA含量的增加,PS/PA成型件内粉末颗粒的黏结程度增大,成型件弯曲断面更加平整;PS/PA比例为1∶4时,成型件尺寸精度相较于其他实验组更好;随着PA含量的增加,PS/PA复合材料成型件的密度逐渐增大,PS/PA比例为1∶2、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5时,成型件密度较大且密度值接近;随着PA含量的增加,PS/PA成型件的弯曲强度呈上升趋势,且在PS/PA比例为1∶2、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5的实验组内,成型件弯曲强度明显上升;PS/PA比例为1∶4时,成型件表面粗糙度最小。     

High piezoelectric performance and domain configurations of (K0.45Na0.55)0.98Li0.02Nb0.76Ta0.18Sb0.06O3 lead-free ceramics prepared by two-step sintering

Research for high-performance lead-free piezoelectric materials has become an urgent issue from the environmental concern. Very limited attempts on two-step sintering had been made so far. In this study, (K_0.45Na_0.55)_0.98Li_0.02Nb_0.76Ta_0.18Sb_0.06O₃ ceramics were prepared by both conventional sintering and two-step sintering. Piezoelectric properties, microstructure and domain structure were found to change significantly with sintering methods and sintering conditions. Two-step sintering was performed in the way that temperature is first quickly raised to 1180 °C, kept for 1 min, then immediately cooled down to 1120 °C and maintained for a desired time length. The effects of dwelling time on piezoelectric performance and microstructure as well as domain structure were investigated. High piezoelectric properties of d₃₃ = 455 pC/N, k_p = 0.54 and k₃₃ = 0.67 were obtained in a ceramic prepared under the dwelling time of 20 h. This ceramic also possesses a very good piezoelectric thermal-ageing stability over −50 °C–150 °C. Further investigation reveals that this ceramic has a quite uniform grain-size distribution with the average grain size of about 12 μm in microstructure and shows domain patterns of simple parallel stripes with a hierarchical nanodomain structure appearing inside some of broad stripes. The observed excellent piezoelectric performance is considered to associate closely with the unique domain structure.