酶法水解麦胚制取持水剂的研究

采用响应面分析方法研究了酶法水解麦胚制取持水剂的生产工艺，并对产品应用于香肠中的抗氧化效果进行了试验。试验结果表明：酶法水解麦胚制取持水剂的优化工艺参数为：对１０％的麦胚乳４００ｍｌ，反应温度为４４．４℃，反应时间为４ｈ，酶与底物浓度比为８６０μ／ｇ。经优化工艺生产的持水剂的水分活度为０．８９６，所对应的水解度为２６．５％。应用于香肠可显著提高其货架寿命。     

Effect of treatment with non-alcoholic beverages of patients with gastritis and hyposecretion

A positive effect of use of non-alcoholic drink "Shirinskaia high-vitaminized treatment-board Water" in complex treatment of chronic gastritis with hyposecretion was revealed.     

遮盖山羊绒“亮丝”的媒介/活性染色工艺

针对变异山羊绒的"亮丝"现象,以及不同染料在羊绒纤维不同位置上染的差异性,采用酸性媒介染料和毛用活性染料复配染色。结果表明,与单一染料染色工艺相比,复配染色技术通过对关键染料和助剂的精准控制,优化染色工艺,覆盖"亮丝"的效果良好。染色产品和染色废液中的铬含量均符合相关标准。     

Decontamination of broilers with hydrogen peroxide stabilised with glycerol during processing

Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide stabilised by glycerol solution in potable water on the bacteriological and organoleptic quality of freshly slaughtered broiler carcasses. Skin-pH and colour were measured 3.5 and 24 h after treatment and compared to untreated carcasses. Bacterial colonisation was determined 3.5 and 24 h and, 7 days after treatment, carcasses being stored at 1 degrees C. None of the concentrations used affected the appearance and "bloom" of the carcasses as could be measured by colorimeter and changing of the acidity. Mean microbial counts were significantly reduced (P<0.01) when treated and control broilers were compared. Average reductions of 0.3 up to1.4 log N for the mesophilic aerobic counts were achieved and from 0.4 up to 1.2 log N for Enterobacteriaceae. A 3% w/w solution made from a commercially available stock solution (Glyroxyl), which consists of 44% hydrogen peroxide, 44% demineralised water and 12% glycerol proved to lower colonisation more effectively than a 2% solution.     

Relationship of Physicochemical Characteristics with Sensory Profile of Cookies Enriched with Medicinal Herbs

In this work, a range of model cookies enriched with different quantities of medicinal herbs, applied in two forms (pulverized mixture and extract), were studied to compare and describe relationships between physicochemical and sensory data. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to estimate relationships in the analyzed data. Analysis of variance showed that the majority of analyzed parameters were highly significant in discriminating among the samples (p < 0.05), which supported the usefulness of their application in characterizing the quality profile of enriched cookies. Principal component analysis on physicochemical data revealed that cookies at the same enrichment level showed more similarities. Principal component analysis on sensory data exhibited a larger separation between the samples with increasing enrichment levels, especially in the case of pulverized herbal mixture. According to partial least squares regression, two significant partial least squares components explained 92.7% and predicted 78.0% variation in the data. The most important parameters in discriminating between the cookies enriched with medicinal herbs were lightness, red tonality, and hardness. The selected physicochemical parameters could be used in future studies to evaluate variously enriched cookies by establishing models and investigating the predictability of sensory quality.     

酸解-酶膜联用法检测谷氨酰胺

研究了谷氨酰胺在酸性条件下的水解特性后 ,建立了酸解 酶膜联用的谷氨酰胺定量分析方法。此方法的线性范围为 10～ 40mmol/L ,相关系数R =0 .999,分析误差为 0 .1mmol/L ,测量所需时间约为 30min。     

猪皮制革必须适应市场经济

本文讨论了猪皮制革的现状,分析其成因,在此基础上阐明了猪皮制革必须适应市场经济的观点,并提出了猪皮制革走出低谷的若干具体对策。     

Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-maltooligosaccharides with Phosphorylase and Their Degradation with Amylases

By reaction of phosphorylase with D-glucal and inorganic phosphate instead of the natural substrate α-D-glucosyl phosphate novel 2-deoxy-maltooligosaccharides could be synthesized. Their properties and characterization by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and HPLC are described. Under similar conditions, except a higher phosphate concentration, 2-deoxy-α-D-glucosyl phosphate is obtained. This can also serve for the enzymatic elongation of the primer with 2-deoxy-glucosyl residues. The unnatural 2-deoxy-maltooligomers could be applied successfully as substrates for the exo-cleaving enzymes glucoamylase and β-amylase.     

强度为Weibul分布,应力为其他分布的可靠度求解

运用应力—强度相干理论,推导出强度为Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布,应力为其他分布时可靠度求解表达式,并应用专用数学软件Ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａ实现了数值的求解。文中给出若干求解实例,求解的过程简便、直观,有利于工程可靠性设计与分析借鉴     

压力棒隔距块在纺细号纱上的应用

介绍了前区压力棒隔距块的结构和作用原理,探讨了压力棒隔距块在纺细号纱上的应用及工艺配置和技术要点;对比试验表明细纱前区加压力棒隔距块后,加强了对纤维的控制,有利于成纱质量的改善,尤其在细号纱上作用明显,但也要注意上车工艺一致性的调整,同时加强操作管理,否则会影响成纱条干的CVb值和纱疵数量.     

气动加压V型牵伸细纱机实施重定量大牵伸工艺的生产实践

为了探讨在气动加压摇架V型牵伸细纱机上实施重定量、大牵伸生产工艺的效果,分析了其机理并通过在FA506型细纱机上使用创新型牵伸元件,优选细纱牵伸工艺参数纺R/T 60/409.8tex纱实践,从减小前纺设备配置,节约用工及产品质量3个方面对其应用效果进行了评估。试验表明在满足成纱质量的前提下,气动加压摇架V型牵伸细纱机纺R/T 60/40 9.8tex纱完全具备采用重定量大牵伸生产工艺的基本条件,粗纱定量可由2.8g/(10 m)增至5.1g/(10 m),且对成纱条干质量和常发性纱疵的改善均十分有利;虽然实施5.1g/(10 m)重定量生产工艺的条干CVb值和平均强力下降,有害毛羽明显增多,但是通过合理调整粗纱定量和细纱总牵伸倍数,也能够生产市场要求较高的纱线品种。指出在FA506型气动加压摇架V型牵伸细纱机上采用较大的粗纱定量,在减少前纺设备开台、节约生产用工、节能降耗、提高生产效率方面能够发挥较显著的作用。     

Genetic evaluation of dairy cattle with test-day models with autoregressive covariance structures and with a 305-d model

This study compared genetic evaluations from 3 test-day (TD) models with different assumptions about the environmental covariance structure for TD records and genetic evaluations from 305-d lactation records for dairy cows. Estimates of genetic values of 12,071 first-lactation Holstein cows were obtained with the 3 TD models using 106,472 TD records. The compound symmetry (CS) model was a simple test-day repeatability animal model with compound symmetry covariance structure for TD environmental effects. The AR_s and AR_e models also used TD records but with a first-order autoregressive covariance structure among short-term environmental effects or residuals, respectively. Estimates of genetic values with the TD models were also compared with those from a model using 305-d lactation records. Animals were genetically evaluated for milk, fat, and protein yields, and somatic cell score (SCS). The largest average estimates of accuracy of predicted breeding values were obtained with the AR_s model and the smallest were with the 305-d model. The 305-d model resulted in smaller estimates of correlations between average predicted breeding values of the parents and lactation records of their daughters for milk and protein yields and SCS than did the CS and AR_e models. Predicted breeding values with the 3 TD models were highly correlated (0.98 to 1.00). Predicted breeding values with 305-d lactation records were moderately correlated with those with TD models (0.71 to 0.87 for sires and 0.80 to 0.87 for cows). More genetic improvement can be achieved by using TD models to select for animals for higher milk, fat, and protein yields, and lower SCS than by using models with 305-d lactation records.     

酿酒酵母与产香酵母混合发酵鸭梨酒工艺条件优化

产香酵母通过不同的代谢途径产生多种挥发性香气成分,增加了酒体的香气。该文利用产香酵母与酿酒酵母协同发酵酿造鸭梨果酒,以期改善单一酿酒酵母发酵酒体的风味与口感,更大程度地开发水果的酿酒潜力。从6株产香酵母中优选1株产香酵母B(异常毕赤酵母(Pichia anomala))与安琪SY果酒酵母进行共酵,在单因素试验的基础上,选择发酵时间、接种量和接种时间进行响应面优化试验,以感官评分为响应值,确定最佳工艺为,发酵初始接种2%的产香酵母B,24 h后接种3%的果酒酵母SY,24℃发酵8 d,所得鸭梨酒酒精度达11.6%vol,可溶性固形物为5 Brix。通过理化及顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析发现,酯类物质是构成酒体香气的主要成分,混菌发酵酒体的总酯含量为3.21 g/L,是单菌发酵酒体的2.6倍,混菌发酵酒体中辛酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯相对含量都比单菌发酵高。所得酒体呈亮黄色,澄清透亮,果香清雅,香味协调。