大功率半导体激光器二维阵列光纤耦合技术

介绍了大功率半导体激光器二维阵列的光纤耦合技术,其中有整形耦合法、偏振合束法和波长合束法.用光线追迹法进行了二维阵列的光纤耦合模拟,对结果进行了分析,提出了改进办法,为进一步开展二维阵列的光纤耦合工作提供了有益的借鉴.     

二维层状材料用于微波吸收的研究进展

微波吸收是实现装备隐身、抗电磁干扰的重要手段,厚度薄、密度低、频带宽、吸收强的微波吸收材料是研究者关注的重点。文章阐述了二维层状结构材料的吸波研究进展、微波吸收机理,介绍了金属基、半导体基、MXene基、碳基二维层状吸波材料以及新兴二维吸波材料黑磷的制作方法、实现的最大反射率损失,并分析了影响电磁屏蔽性能的因素。研究表明,二维层状材料相比于传统的吸波材料,重量更轻、设计加工性更强、吸波机制更丰富、性能也更优。二维层状材料在微波吸收及电磁干扰屏蔽领域具有广阔的发展前景。     

二维层状材料用于微波吸收的研究进展

微波吸收是实现装备隐身、抗电磁干扰的重要手段,厚度薄、密度低、频带宽、吸收强的微波吸收材料是研究者关注的重点。文章阐述了二维层状结构材料的吸波研究进展、微波吸收机理,介绍了金属基、半导体基、MXene基、碳基二维层状吸波材料以及新兴二维吸波材料黑磷的制作方法、实现的最大反射率损失,并分析了影响电磁屏蔽性能的因素。研究表明,二维层状材料相比于传统的吸波材料,重量更轻、设计加工性更强、吸波机制更丰富、性能也更优。二维层状材料在微波吸收及电磁干扰屏蔽领域具有广阔的发展前景。     

多路合成全息语音发音器官图谱的研究

提出了用多路合成全息语音发音器官图谱显示发音器官动态过程的方法，介绍了该全息图的制作过程，讨论了制作过程中绘制的二维线条图片的线条宽度与全息图的衍射效率之间的关系。研制的多路合成全息图在白光点光源照射下，显现出清晰、明亮的发音器官（唇、舌、齿和软腭等各部分）的动态影像。最后对该图谱的应用前景进行了讨论。     

消除FY-4辐射计图像旋转的方法研究

根据FY-4辐射计的扫描方式,分析了产生图像旋转的因素及其特点,推导出了像旋角度和图像偏移的计算公式.利用此两项公式计算出图像在东西方向、南北方向的最大偏移,且以此为据,提出了一种简单而有效的消旋方法.此方法相对传统的消旋法有众多优点,特别是在不需要增加额外设备这一点上,可以保证本消旋法不会对整个辐射计的可靠性造成影响.最后,通过图像处理的手段对本消旋法进行了验证,其消旋效果较为明显.     

二维最大熵和二维最小交叉熵结合的图像分割

二维最大熵法和二维最小交叉熵法是目前常用的两种阈值分割方法,但在某些时候因为两种方法获取的阈值过高或者过低,使得分割失效.针对此问题,提出了基于二维最大熵法和二维最小交叉熵法结合的图像分割方法.首先,对二维最小交叉熵公式进行转化;然后,利用多目标规划理论将这两种方法有机结合使得到的阈值既满足二维最大熵原则,又满足二维最...     

基于行列合成的实值二维Root-MUSIC算法

在低仰角及多径环境下,常规二维波达方向估计的高分辨方法需要特征值分解或者多维搜索,运算量巨大,文中提出了一种基于行列合成处理和实值二维Root-MUSIC测角的双迭代方法.该方法由某个初始二维角度出发,首先进行行列合成,将面阵接收的数据矩阵合成为行列矢量,然后用实值Root-MUSIC分别估计俯仰角和方位角,最后由更新的二维角度重构加权向量,对阵列数据进行行列合成并重新估计二维角度,其迭代直至得到的二维角度满足给定的精度.该方法操作简单、收敛速度快,由于引入了实值域处理,在对多径信号解相关的同时进一步降低了运算量.计算机仿真结果证实了该方法估计低仰角信号的二维波达方向的正确有效性.     

二维纳米胶体球膜版的制备研究

二维纳米胶体球膜版是利用纳米球刻蚀法制备纳米颗粒阵列的前提条件.介绍了一种利用自组装法在基片上直接制备二维聚苯乙烯纳米球膜版的新工艺,讨论了影响获得大面积、高度有序膜版的主要因素,即基片的倾角、悬浮液的浓度、基片的物理化学性质、环境的温度和湿度.利用原子力显微镜对膜版的形貌进行了表征,结果表明,利用这种工艺可以得到排列均匀、面积达平方厘米量级的纳米胶体球膜版,非常适于纳米球刻蚀法的后序工艺.     

MXene 柔性压力传感器的制备与性能

柔性压力传感器作为一种新型的压力电子器件已经在医疗健康监测、智能可穿戴的电子设备、人机数据交互平台等领域广泛应用。采用磁控溅射法制备叉指电极,通过湿法腐蚀法获得MXene胶体溶液,利用压电式按需喷印技术将MXene胶体溶液覆盖在叉指电极的上方,从而完成压敏活性层的制备。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对MXene压敏活性层的形貌进行表征,结果表明压敏活性层表面平滑整齐、成膜均匀、结构清晰。对制备的柔性压力传感器进行灵敏度检测。结果表明当压强在0～5 kPa的区间内时,传感器具有较高的灵敏度,为0.139 kPa^-1。最后对该传感器进行人体运动传感性能测试。结果表明该MXene柔性压力传感器有望在可穿戴电子以及医疗监测领域广泛应用。     

基于InGaAsP/InP材料的二维半导体光子晶体激光器

描述了基于InGaAsP/InP材料的二维半导体光子晶体激光器的研究.主要介绍点缺陷型光子晶体激光器的理论设计、模拟分析及与器件性能的比较.理论上采用平面波展开法和有限时域查分法,预言了通过采用调整点缺陷腔的最近临空气孔的尺寸,可以提高缺陷腔的品质因子Q,从而提高激光器的工作性能,激光器的激射阈值;研制了不同近邻孔径尺寸的激光器,试验结果与理论模拟相一致.     

过渡金属碳氮化合物(MXenes)在能量储存装置的研究进展

层状过渡金属碳化物和/或氮化物(MXenes)凭借其特有的结构和性能成为了新型储能装置电极催化剂的重要候选材料。MXenes的表达式一般为Mn+1 Xn Tx,其中“M”代表早期的过渡金属元素,“x”表示C、N或CN,而“Tx”为“-OH”、“-F”等基团,n的值一般为1,2或3。MXenes具有比表面积高、离子电导率大、亲水性好等优良特性,有利于其在离子电池、超级电容器等储能装置中应用推广。本文综述了近几年MXenes在能源储存装置中的应用及研究现状,归纳总结了MXenes的结构及能量储存机制,指出了目前研究过程中存在的短板,并对其发展方向进行展望。     

碳基气凝胶复合材料电磁波吸收材料研究进展

随着无线电通信技术和各种电子设备的广泛应用,电磁污染日益严重,具有三维多孔结构的电磁波吸收材料成为科学研究的热点。总结了碳基气凝胶复合材料的研究进展,详细介绍了石墨烯气凝胶、生物质衍生的碳气凝胶和聚合物衍生的碳气凝胶的多种制备方法,碳气凝胶与磁性颗粒、碳化硅、碳纳米管和MXene复合而成的复合碳基气凝胶吸波材料的吸波性能。简要阐述了吸波材料的损耗机理,讨论了碳基气凝胶复合材料的组分、微观结构和损耗机制对吸波性能的影响。最后,就目前研究现状总结了碳基气凝胶复合材料在制备和性能提升方面的挑战,展望了碳基气凝胶复合材料的研究重点和发展方向。     

Engineering 3D Ion Transport Channels for Flexible MXene Films with Superior Capacitive Performance

2D MXene materials are of considerable interest for future energy storage. A MXene film could be used as an effective flexible supercapacitor electrode due to its flexibility and, more importantly, its high specific capacitance. However, although it has excellent electronic conductivity, sluggish ionic kinetics within the MXene film becomes a fundamental limitation to the electrochemical performance. To compensate for the relative deficiency, MXene films are frequently reduced to several micrometer dimensions with low mass loading (<1 mg cm^?2), to the point of detriment of areal performance and commercial value. Herein, for the first time, the design of a 3D porous MXene/bacterial cellulose (BC) self‐supporting film is reported for ultrahigh capacitance performance (416 F g^?1, 2084 mF cm^?2) with outstanding mechanical properties and high flexibility, even when the MXene loading reaches 5 mg cm^?2. The highly interconnected MXene/BC network enables both excellent electron and ion transport channel. Additionally, a maximum energy density of 252 µWh cm^?2 is achieved in an asymmetric supercapacitor, higher than that of all ever‐reported MXene‐based supercapacitors. This work exploits a simple route for assembling 2D MXene materials into 3D porous films as state‐of‐the‐art electrodes for high performance energy storage devices.     

Graphene and MXene Nanomaterials: Toward High‐Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorption in Gigahertz Band Range

Searching for advanced microwave absorption (MA) nanomaterials is one of the most feasible ways to address the increasing electromagnetic pollution in both military and civil fields. To this end, graphene and MXene have won the widespread attention as the main representatives due to their remarkable structures and properties. The common features such as the large aspect ratio, active chemical surface, and varieties of synthesis processes endow graphene and MXene with unique superiorities for developing high‐efficiency MA structures, in particular lightweight assemblies and various hybrids. Meanwhile, the structural and performance differences (such as different conductivities) between them result in distinctive techniques in the design, fabrication, and application of their MA materials. Herein, the research progress in graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in general strategies. Moreover, through the comparison between graphene‐ and MXene‐based MA materials, their respective advantages in achieving high‐performance MA are presented. Furthermore, the future challenge, research orientation, and prospect for these MA materials are also highlighted and discussed.     

锂离子混合超级电容器研究进展

介绍了锂离子混合超级电容器( LHS)的工作原理,及其功率密度和能量密度高、循环寿命长、充放电效率高、安全性高等优点.综述了LHS的正负极材料和电解液的研究现状,从电容器构筑,电极材料可控制备和改性处理、电解液改性等方面对锂离子混合超级电容器的发展趋势进行了评述.     

High-Yield Exfoliation of Large MXene with Flake Sizes over 10 µm Using Edge-Anchored Carbon Nanotubes

The exceptional properties of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXene) have led to numerous promising applications. However, the performance of MXene is often dependent on the size of the flakes, and obtaining large-sized, high-quality MXene flakes remains challenging. Herein, a carbon nanotube (CNT)-assisted exfoliation strategy is introduced, which significantly improves the yield of large-flake MXene while entirely transforming the centrifugation residues into small-flake MXene, resulting in waste-free synthesis of MXene. The average size of the obtained MXene flakes can reach over 10 and 0.7 µm for the two populations, respectively. Additionally, the capacitive performance of MXene can be greatly enhanced with a small amount of CNTs. As a proof of concept, a planar interdigital micro-supercapacitor with heterogeneous layers assembled by large- and small-flake MXene simultaneously exhibits outstanding synergistic enhancement in volumetric capacitance (1072 F cm⁻³) and energy density (53.5 mWh cm⁻³). This CNT-assisted method provides explicit directions for achieving the ideal utilization of MXene, improving the yield of large flakes while making judicious use of waste, to meet specific application needs.     

Scalable 3D Self-Assembly of MXene Films for Flexible Sandwich and Microsized Supercapacitors

The self-assembly of large-area MXene films is the main step to realize their applications in various energy storage devices. However, the scalable self-assembly of flexible thin MXene films with high conductivity as well as excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties is still a challenge. Herein, a synchronous reduction and self-assembly strategy to fabricate flexible MXene films is developed, where MXene films are synchronously reduced and self-assembled on the Zn foil surface. Furthermore, the self-assembly of MXene films can be scaled up by controlling the area of Zn substrates. By adjusting the patterns of Zn substrates, the interdigital MXene patterns can also be obtained via a selectively reducing/assembling process. The resultant MXene films demonstrate high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and excellent mechanical properties. Thus they can serve as the electrodes of flexible supercapacitor devices directly. As a proof of concept, flexible sandwich and microsized supercapacitors are designed based on the above MXene film electrodes. Both sandwich and microsized supercapacitors display stable electrochemical performance under various bending states. This study provides a route to achieve large-area MXene-based films or microsized structures for applications in the field of energy storage.     

Large-Area Smooth Conductive Films Enabled by Scalable Slot-Die Coating of Ti3C2Tx MXene Aqueous Inks

Large-area flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) featuring excellent optoelectronic properties (low sheet resistance, R_s, at high transparency, T) are vital for integration in transparent wearable electronics (i.e., antennas, sensors, supercapacitors, etc.). Solution processing (i.e., printing and coating) of conductive inks yields highly uniform TCEs at low cost, holding great promise for commercially manufacturing of transparent electronics. However, to formulate such conductive inks as well as to realize continuous conductive films in the absence of percolation issue are quite challenging. Herein, the scalable slot-die coating of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene aqueous inks is reported for the first time to yield large-area uniform TCEs with outstanding optoelectronic performance, that is, average DC conductivity of 13 000 ± 500 S cm⁻¹. The conductive MXene nanosheets are forced to orientate horizontally as the inks are passing through the moving slot, leading to the rapid manufacturing of highly aligned MXene TCEs without notorious percolation problems. Moreover, through tuning the ink formulations, such conductive MXene films can be easily adjusted from transparent to opaque as required, demonstrating very low surface roughness and even mirror effects. These high-quality, slot-die-coated MXene TCEs also demonstrate excellent electrochemical charge storage properties when assembled into supercapacitors.     

Recent Progress in MXene‐Based Materials: Potential High‐Performance Electrocatalysts

The family of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (collectively called MXenes) has been a thriving field since the first invention of Ti₃C₂T_x (MXene) in 2011. MXene is a new type of nanometer 2D sheet material, which exhibits great application potentials in various fields due to its multiple advantages such as high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and high mechanical strength. Electrocatalysis is regarded as the core of future clean energy conversion technologies, and MXene‐based materials provide inspiration for the design and preparation of electrocatalysts with high activity, high selectivity, and long loading life time. The applications of MXene‐based materials in electrocatalysis, including hydrogen evolution reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and methanol oxidation reaction are summarized in this review. As a crucial session regarding experiments, the current safer and more environmentally friendly preparation methods of MXene are also discussed. Focusing on the materials design and enhancement methods, the key challenges and opportunities for MXene‐based materials as a next‐generation platform in both fundamental research and practical electrocatalysis applications are presented. This account serves to promote future efforts toward the development of MXenes and related materials in the electrocatalysis applications.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMnO_2的最新研究进展

层状结构的LiMnO2正极材料具有能量密度高、安全性能好、价格低廉和无毒性等优点,是下一代锂离子电池正极材料中强有力的竞争者。介绍了近年来国内外LiMnO2正极材料的的研究现状与进展,并对其结构特性、制备方法、体相掺杂和表面包覆进行了评述,提出了目前LiMnO2正极材料研究中尚存在的一些问题,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。